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This article is about the software company. For other uses, see Red Hat (disambiguation).
Red Hat, Inc.
Company typePublic
IndustryComputer software
PredecessorContainer Linux
Cygnus Solutions Edit this on Wikidata
Founded1993[1]
FounderBob Young
Marc Ewing
Headquarters
Raleigh, North Carolina
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Hugh Shelton (Chairman)
Jim Whitehurst (CEO)
ProductsRed Hat Enterprise Linux
Red Hat Directory Server
Fedora
Red Hat Certificate System
JBoss Enterprise Middleware
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization
Red Hat Storage Server
Red Hat CloudForms[2]
Red Hat OpenShift
RevenueIncrease $1.13 billion (2012)[3]
Increase $199 million (2012)[3]
Increase $146 million (2012)[3]
Total assetsIncrease $2.49 billion (2012)[3]
Total equityIncrease $1.39 billion (2012)[3]
Number of employees
6,100 (2014)[4]
ParentIBM Edit this on Wikidata
SubsidiariesMergers and acquisitions
Websitewww.redhat.com

Red Hat, Inc. is an American multinational software company providing open-source software products to the enterprise community. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina with satellite offices worldwide.[6]

Red Hat has become associated to a large extent with its enterprise operating system Red Hat Enterprise Linux and with the acquisition of open-source enterprise middleware vendor JBoss. Red Hat provides operating system platforms, middleware, applications, management products, and support, training, and consulting services.

Red Hat creates, maintains, and contributes to many free software projects and has also acquired several proprietary software packages and released their source code mostly under the GNU GPL while holding copyright under a single commercial entity and selling user subscriptions. As of June 2013, Red Hat is the largest corporate contributor to Linux.[7]

History

Red Hat headquarters in 2011
Red Hat Headquarters, Raleigh, NC

In 1993 Bob Young incorporated the ACC Corporation, a catalog business that sold Linux and Unix software accessories. In 1994 Marc Ewing created his own Linux distribution, which he named Red Hat Linux[8] (Ewing had worn a red Cornell University lacrosse hat, given to him by his grandfather, while attending Carnegie Mellon University[9][10][11]). Ewing released the software in October, and it became known as the Halloween release. Young bought Ewing's business in 1995[clarification needed], and the two merged to become Red Hat Software, with Young serving as chief executive officer (CEO).

Red Hat went public on August 11, 1999, achieving the eighth-biggest first-day gain in the history of Wall Street.[8] Matthew Szulik succeeded Bob Young as CEO in December of that year.[12] Before its IPO, Red Hat had received some funding from Joyce Young, the aunt of founder Bob Young. When Red Hat went public, she cashed in enough stock to recoup her initial investment, then left the remaining stock to linger, "for fun". Her return on investment was so great that, by January 2000 she was a millionaire, allowing her to donate CAD$40 million to the Hamilton Community Foundation in June 2000.[13]

On November 15, 1999, Red Hat acquired Cygnus Solutions. Cygnus provided commercial support for free software and housed maintainers of GNU software products such as the GNU Debugger and GNU Binutils. One of the founders of Cygnus, Michael Tiemann, became the chief technical officer of Red Hat and by 2008 the vice president of open source affairs. Later Red Hat acquired WireSpeed, C2Net and Hell's Kitchen Systems.[14]

In February 2000, InfoWorld awarded Red Hat its fourth consecutive[15] "Operating System Product of the Year" award for Red Hat Linux 6.1. Red Hat acquired Planning Technologies, Inc in 2001 and AOL's iPlanet directory and certificate-server software in 2004.

Red Hat moved its headquarters from Durham, North Carolina, to N.C. State University's Centennial Campus in Raleigh, North Carolina in February 2002. In the following month Red Hat introduced Red Hat Linux Advanced Server,[16][17] later renamed Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). Dell,[18] IBM,[19] HP[20] and Oracle Corporation[21] announced their support of the platform.[22]

In December 2005 CIO Insight magazine conducted its annual "Vendor Value Survey", in which Red Hat ranked #1 in value for the second year in a row.[23] Red Hat stock became part of the NASDAQ-100 on December 19, 2005.

Red Hat acquired open-source middleware provider JBoss on June 5, 2006 and JBoss became a division of Red Hat. On September 18, 2006, Red Hat released the Red Hat Application Stack, which integrated the JBoss technology and which was certified by other well-known software vendors.[24][25] On December 12, 2006, Red Hat stock moved from trading on NASDAQ (RHAT) to the New York Stock Exchange (RHT). In 2007 Red Hat acquired MetaMatrix and made an agreement with Exadel to distribute its software.

On March 15, 2007, Red Hat released Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and in June acquired Mobicents. On March 13, 2008, Red Hat acquired Amentra, a provider of systems integration services for service-oriented architecture, business process management, systems development and enterprise data services. Amentra operates as an independent company.

On July 27, 2009, Red Hat replaced CIT Group in Standard and Poor’s 500 stock index, a diversified index of 500 leading companies of the US economy.[26][27] This was reported as a major milestone for Linux.[28][29]

On December 15, 2009, it was reported that Red Hat will pay $8.8 million to settle a class action lawsuit related to the restatement of financial results from July 2004. The suit had been pending in US District Court in North Carolina. Red Hat reached the proposed settlement agreement and recorded a one-time charge of $8.8 million for the quarter that ended Nov. 30.[30]

On January 10, 2011, Red Hat announced that it would expand its headquarters in two phases, adding 540 employees to the Raleigh operation, and investing over $109 million. The state of North Carolina is offering up to $15 million in incentives. The second phase involves "expansion into new technologies such as software visualization and technology cloud offerings".[31]

On August 25, 2011, Red Hat announced it would move about 600 employees from the N.C. State Centennial Campus to Two Progress Plaza downtown.[32] A ribbon cutting ceremony was held June 24, 2013 in the re-branded Red Hat Headquarters.[33]

In 2012, Red Hat became the first one-billion dollar open source company, reaching $1.13 billion in annual revenue during its fiscal year.[34]

Fedora Project

Fedora Project logo
Main article: Fedora Project

Red Hat sponsors the Fedora Project, a community-supported open-source project that aims to promote the rapid progress of free and open-source software and content. Fedora aims for rapid innovation using open processes and public forums.[35]

The Fedora Project Board, which comprises community leaders and representatives of Red Hat, leads the project and steers the direction of the project and of Fedora, the Linux distribution it develops. Red Hat employees work with the code alongside community members, and many innovations within the Fedora Project make their way into new releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Business model

Red Hat partly operates on a professional open-source business model based on open code, development within a community, professional quality assurance, and subscription-based customer support. They produce open-source code, so more programmers can make further adaptations and improvements.

Red Hat sells subscriptions for the support, training, and integration services that help customers in using open-source software. Customers pay one set price for unlimited access to services such as Red Hat Network and up to 24/7 support.

Programs and projects

One Laptop per Child

Red Hat engineers work with the One Laptop per Child initiative (a non-profit organization established by members of the MIT Media Lab) to design and produce an inexpensive laptop and provide every child in the world with access to open communication, open knowledge, and open learning. The XO-4 laptop, the latest machine of this project, runs a slimmed-down version of Fedora 17 as its operating system.

Dogtail

Dogtail, an open-source automated graphical user interface (GUI) test framework initially developed by Red Hat, consists of free software released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and is written in Python. It allows developers to build and test their applications. Red Hat announced the release of Dogtail at the 2006 Red Hat Summit.

MRG

Red Hat MRG is a clustering infrastructure platform intended for integrated high-performance computing (HPC). The acronym MRG stands for Messaging Realtime Grid.

Red Hat Enterprise MRG (Messaging, Real-time, and Grid) replaces the RHEL kernel in order to provide extra support for real-time computing, together with middleware support for message brokerage and scheduling workload to local or remote virtual machines, grid, and cloud infrastructures.[36] Red Hat now works with the Condor High-Throughput Computing System community and also provides support for the software.[37]

Aims

The platform strives to incorporate all the above aspects of HPC into one IT infrastructure for better performance, reliability, and interoperability. It claims to simplify and automate a range of IT tasks of deployment, operation, managing and monitoring of clustered and distributed infrastructure and applications.

opensource.com

Red Hat produces the online publication opensource.com. It brings together issues of interest from the open source community, highlighting how open source principles apply beyond software and technology. It covers topics such as business, education, government, law, health, and life, updates readers on public licensing and the Creative Commons, and it features interviews with some industry leaders and open source people.

The company originally produced a newsletter called Under the Brim. Wide Open magazine first appeared in March 2004 as a means for Red Hat to share technical content with subscribers on a regular basis. The Under the Brim newsletter and Wide Open magazine merged in November 2004 to become Red Hat Magazine. Red Hat Magazine later became opensource.com.[38]

Red Hat Exchange

In 2007 Red Hat announced that it had reached an agreement with some free software and open source (FOSS) companies that allowed it to make a distribution portal called Red Hat Exchange, reselling FOSS software with the original branding intact.[39][40] However, by 2010 Red Hat had abandoned the Exchange program to focus their efforts more on their Open Source Channel Alliance which began in April 2009.[41]

OpenShift

Red Hat operates OpenShift, a cloud computing platform as a service, supporting applications written in Node.js, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, JavaEE and more.[42]

Other projects

Red Hat has some employees working full-time on free and open source software projects, such as two full-time employees working on the free software radeon (David Airlie and Jerome Glisse[43]) and one full-time employee working on the free software nouveau graphic drivers.[citation needed]

Utilities and tools

Over and above Red Hat's major products and acquisitions, Red Hat programmers have produced software programming-tools and utilities to supplement standard Unix and Linux software. Some of these Red Hat "products" have found their way from specifically Red Hat operating environments via open-source channels to a wider community. Such utilities include:

  • Disk Druid – for disk partitioning
  • rpm – for package management
  • sosreport – gathers system hardware and configuration details[44][citation needed]
  • systemtap – tracing tool for Linux kernels, developed with IBM, Hitachi, Oracle[45] and Intel[46]
  • NetworkManager

The Red Hat website lists the organization's major involvements in free and open-source software projects.[47]

Community projects under the aegis of Red Hat include:

Subsidiaries

Red Hat India

Red Hat, Inc created its subsidiary Red Hat India to deliver Red Hat software, support, and services to customers in India.[49] Colin Tenwick, vice president and general manager of Red Hat EMEA said that "the opening of [Red Hat India] is in response to the rapid adoption of Red Hat Linux in the subcontinent. Demand for open source solutions from the Indian markets is rising and Red Hat wants to play a major role in this region."[49] Red Hat India has worked with local companies to enable adoption of open source technology in both government[50] and education.[51]

In 2006 Red Hat India had a distribution network of more than 70 channel partners spanning 27 cities across India.[52] Red Hat India's channel partners included Ashtech Infotech Pvt Ltd, Efensys Technologies, Embee Software, Allied Digital Services, and Softcell Technologies. Distributors included Integra Microsystems, Ingram Micro, GT Enterprises, and Sonata Software.

Mergers and acquisitions

Red Hat's first major acquisition was Delix Computer GmbH-Linux Div, the Linux based operating system division of Delix Computer, a German computer company, on July 30, 1999. Red Hat acquired Cygnus Solutions, a company that provided commercial support for free software, on January 11, 2000. Michael Tiemann, co-founder of Cygnus, served as the chief technical officer of Red Hat after the acquisition. On June 5, 2006, Red Hat acquired open source middleware provider JBoss for $420 million and integrated it as its own division of Red Hat.

On December 14, 1998, Red Hat made its first divestment, when Intel and Netscape acquired undisclosed minority stakes in the company. The next year, on March 9, 1999, Compaq, IBM, Dell and Novell each acquired undisclosed minority stakes in Red Hat. The company's largest acquisition was Cygnus Solutions in January 2000 for $674 million. Red Hat made the most acquisitions in 2000 with five: Cygnus Solutions, Bluecurve, Wirespeed Communications, Hell's Kitchen Systems, and C2Net.

Acquisitions

Date Company Business Country Value (USD) References
July 13, 1999 Atomic Vision Website design  United States — [53][54]
July 30, 1999 Delix Computer GmbH-Linux Div[note 1] Computers and software  Germany — [55]
January 11, 2000 Cygnus Solutions gcc, gdb, binutils  United States $674,444,000 [56]
May 26, 2000 Bluecurve IT management software  United States $37,107,000 [57]
August 1, 2000 Wirespeed Communications Internet software  United States $83,963,000 [58]
August 15, 2000 Hell's Kitchen Systems Internet software  United States $85,624,000 [59]
September 13, 2000 C2Net Internet software  United States $39,983,000 [60]
February 5, 2001 Akopia Ecommerce websites  United States — [61]
February 28, 2001 Planning Technologies Consulting  United States $47,000,000 [62]
February 11, 2002 ArsDigita Assets and employees  United States — [63]
October 15, 2002 NOCpulse Software  United States — [64]
December 18, 2003 Sistina Software GFS, LVM, DM  United States $31,000,000 [65]
September 30, 2004 Netscape Security-Certain Asts[note 2] Certain assets  United States — [66]
June 5, 2006 JBoss Middleware  United States $420,000,000 [67]
June 6, 2007 MetaMatrix Information management software  United States — [68]
June 19, 2007 Mobicents Telecommunications software  United States — [69]
March 13, 2008 Amentra Consulting  United States — [70]
June 4, 2008 Identyx Software  United States — [71]
September 4, 2008 Qumranet KVM, RHEV, SPICE  Israel $107,000,000 [72]
November 30, 2010 Makara Enterprise software  United States — [73]
October 4, 2011 Gluster GlusterFS  United States $136,000,000 [74]
June 27, 2012 FuseSource Enterprise software  United States — [75]
August 28, 2012 Polymita Enterprise software  Spain — [76]
December 20, 2012 ManageIQ Orchestration software  United States $104,000,000 [77]
January 7, 2013 The CentOS Project CentOS  United States — [78][79]

Divestitures

Date Acquirer Target company Target business Acquirer country Value (USD) References
December 14, 1998 Intel Corporation Red Hat[note 3] Open source software  United States — [80]
March 9, 1999 Compaq Red Hat[note 4] Open source software  United States — [81]
March 9, 1999 IBM Red Hat[note 5] Open source software  United States — [82]
March 9, 1999 Novell Red Hat[note 6] Open source software  United States — [83]
  1. ^ Delix Computer GmbH-Linux Div was acquired from Delix Computer.
  2. ^ Netscape Security-Certain Asts was acquired from Netscape Security Solutions.
  3. ^ Intel Corporation acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.
  4. ^ Compaq acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.
  5. ^ IBM acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.
  6. ^ Novell acquired a minority stake in Red Hat

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