List of black holes
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This is a list of black holes (and stars considered probable candidates) organized by size (including black hole stars of undetermined mass); some items in this list are galaxies or star clusters that are believed to be organized around a black hole. Messier and New General Catalogue designations are given where possible.
Supermassive black holes and candidates
- 1ES 2344+514
- 3C 75
- 3C 371
- 4C +37.11 (this radio galaxy is believed to have binary supermassive black holes)
- AP Lib
- APM 08279+5255(contains the largest black hole estimated at 23 billion solar masses)
- Arp 220
- Centaurus A
- EXO 0706.1+5913
- Fornax A
- HE0450-2958
- IC 1459
- J1728.2+5013
- MCG-6-30-15
- Messier 31 (or the Andromeda Galaxy)
- Messier 32
- Messier 51 (or the Whirlpool Galaxy)
- Messier 60
- Messier 77
- Messier 81 (or Bode's Galaxy)
- Messier 84
- Messier 87 (or Virgo A)
- Messier 104 (or the Sombrero Galaxy)
- Messier 105
- Messier 106
- Mrk 180
- Mrk 421
- Mrk 501
- NGC 821
- NGC 1023
- NGC 1097
- NGC 1277 ; the central supermassive black hole is listed as fourth largest, and it is unusually large in proportion to the host galaxy, being 14% of the mass, instead of the usual 0.1%
- NGC 1566
- NGC 2778
- NGC 2787
- NGC 3079
- NGC 3115
- NGC 3245
- NGC 3377
- NGC 3384
- NGC 3608
- NGC 3894
- NGC 3998
- NGC 4151
- NGC 4261
- NGC 4291
- NGC 4342
- NGC 4350
- NGC 4438
- NGC 4459
- NGC 4473
- NGC 4486B (a satellite galaxy of Messier 87)[1]
- NGC 4564
- NGC 4579
- NGC 4596
- NGC 4697
- NGC 4742
- NGC 4791
- NGC 4849
- NGC 4889 (contains the second largest supermassive black hole, estimated at 21 billion solar masses.)
- NGC 4945
- NGC 5033
- NGC 5845
- NGC 6251
- NGC 7052
- NGC 7457
- OJ 287 (a BL Lac object containing the fifth largest supermassive black hole until NGC 4889's discovery, estimated at 18 billion solar masses)
- PKS 0521-365
- PKS 0548-322
- PKS 2201+044
- Q0906+6930 (a blazar organized around a supermassive black hole)
- RX J1131 (first black hole whose spin was directly measured)
- Sagittarius A*, which is in the centre of the Milky Way
- Andromeda In the center of Andromeda Galaxy
Types
- Quasar
- Supermassive black hole
- Hypercompact stellar system (is organized around a supermassive black hole). Hypothetical object.
Intermediate-mass black holes and candidates
- Cigar Galaxy (Messier 82, NGC 3034)
- GCIRS 13E
- HLX-1
- M82 X-1
- Messier 15 (NGC 7078)
- Messier 110 (NGC 205)
- NGC 1313 X-1
- NGC 1313 X-2
- Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253)
- Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33, NGC 598)
Stellar black holes and candidates
- 4U 1543-475/IL Lupi
- A0620-00/V616 Mon (this black hole is currently thought to be the closest to Earth, at about 3,000 light years, with a mass roughly estimated to be 11.0 ± 1.9 times the mass of Sun)
- CXOU J132527.6-430023 A candidate stellar mass black hole outside of our Local Group of galaxies.[2]
- Cygnus X-1
- Cygnus X-3
- GRO J0422+32 (this is the smallest black hole yet discovered)
- GRO J1655-40/V1033 Sco (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)[3]
- GRS 1124-683/GU Mus
- GRS 1915+105/V1487 Aql
- GS 2000+25/QZ Vul
- GX 339-4/V821 Ara
- IGR J17091-3624 (candidate smallest stellar black hole) [4][5]
- M33 X-7 (most massive stellar-mass black hole known) [6]
- MACHO-96-BLG-5
- MACHO-96-NLG-5
- MACHO-98-BLG-6
- MACHO-99-BLG-22
- SN 1997D (in NGC 1536)
- SS 433
- V404 Cyg
- XTE J1118+480/KV UMa
- XTE J1550-564/V381 Nor
- XTE J1650-500 (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)[3]
- XTE J1819-254/V4641 Sgr
Multiple black hole systems
Binary black holes
- SDSS J120136.02+300305.5 core black holes — a pair of supermassive blackholes at the centre of this galaxy [7]
- PG 1302-102 – the first binary-cored quasar — a pair of supermassive blackholes at the core of this quasar [8][9]
Trinary black holes
As of 2014, there are 5 triple black hole systems known.[10]
- SDSS J150243.09+111557.3 (SDSS J1502+1115) core black holes — the three components are distant tertiary J1502P, and the close binary pair J1502S composed of J1502SE and J1502SW [10]
- GOODS J123652.77+621354.7 core black holes of triple-clump galaxy —[11]
- 2MASX J10270057+1749001 (SDSS J1027+1749) core black holes —[12]
See also
References
- ^ M87's satellite galaxy NGC 4486B, SEDS
- ^ http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?arXiv:1202.3149
- ^ a b Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). "Smallest Black Hole Found". Space.com.
- ^ Knapp, Alex (2012-02-22). "The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds". Forbes. Forbes.com LLC. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- ^ NASA.gov, "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate", 2011.12.15 (accessed 2011.12.17)
- ^ ScienceDaily, "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy", Oct. 18, 2007 (accessed 12-12-2009)
- ^ ESA (25 April 2014). "Unique pair of hidden black holes discovered by XMM-Newton". Space Daily.
- ^ Xaq Rzetelny (8 January 2015). "Supermassive black hole binary discovered".
- ^ Matthew J. Graham, S. George Djorgovski, Daniel Stern, Eilat Glikman, Andrew J. Drake, Ashish A. Mahabal, Ciro Donalek, Steve Larson, Eric Christensen (25 July 2014). "A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity". Nature (published 7 January 2015). arXiv:1501.01375. doi:10.1038/nature14143. ISSN 0028-0836.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Deane, R. P.; Paragi, Z.; Jarvis, M. J.; Coriat, M.; Bernardi, G.; Fender, R. P.; Frey, S.; Heywood, I.; Klöckner, H.-R.; Grainge, K.; Rumsey, C.; (24 June 2014). "A close-pair binary in a distant triple supermassive black hole system". Nature. 511 (7507) (published July 2014): 57–60. arXiv:1406.6365. Bibcode:2014Natur.511...57D. doi:10.1038/nature13454.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, Meg; Treister, Ezequiel; Simmons, Brooke; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Glikman, Eilat; (29 November 2011). "Evidence for Three Accreting Black Holes in a Galaxy at z ~ 1.35: A Snapshot of Recently Formed Black Hole Seeds?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 743 (2) (published December 2011): 6. arXiv:1111.6973. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743L..37S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/L37. L37.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|publicationdate=ignored (|publication-date=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Liu, Xin; Shen, Yue; Strauss, Michael A.; (18 April 2011). "Cosmic Train Wreck by Massive Black Holes: Discovery of a Kiloparsec-scale Triple Active Galactic Nucleus". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 736 (1) (published July 2011): 5. arXiv:1104.3391. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736L...7L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/736/1/L7. L7.
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External links
- NASA's general description of black holes.
- A list of black hole stars and candidates compiled by Dr. William Robert Johnston, Ph.D (Physics), a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Texas (Dallas).
