Mayor of London
Mayor of London | |
---|---|
Style | None |
Appointer | Electorate of Greater London |
Term length | Four years |
Inaugural holder | Ken Livingstone 4 May 2000 |
Formation | Greater London Authority Act 1999 |
Succession | First Thursday in May quadrennially |
Deputy | Deputy Mayor of London Roger Evans |
Salary | £143,911 |
Website | london.gov.uk/mayor |
The Mayor of London is an elected politician who, along with the London Assembly of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London. The current incumbent is Sadiq Khan who was elected on 4 May 2008. His successor Sadiq Khan was elected on 7 May 2016[1]. The position had been held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000 until his succession by Johnson.
The role, created in 2000 after the London devolution referendum, was the first directly elected mayor in the United Kingdom.
The Mayor of London is the mayor of the entirety of Greater London, including the City of London, for which there is also the ceremonial Lord Mayor of the City of London. Each London Borough also has a ceremonial mayor or, in Hackney, Lewisham, Newham or Tower Hamlets, an elected mayor.
Background
The Greater London Council, the elected governance for Greater London, was abolished in 1986 following the Local Government Act 1985. Strategic functions were split off to various joint arrangements. Londoners voted in a referendum in 1998 to create new governance structures for Greater London. The directly elected Mayor of London was created by the Greater London Authority Act 1999 in 2000 as part of the reforms.
Elections
The Mayor is elected by the supplementary vote method for a fixed term of four years, with elections taking place in May. As with most elected posts in the UK, there is a deposit, in this case of £10,000 which is returnable on the candidate's winning at least 5% of the first-choice votes cast.
2000
The 2000 campaign was incident-filled. The eventual winner, Ken Livingstone, went back on an earlier pledge not to run as an independent after losing the Labour nomination to Frank Dobson. The Conservative Party had to replace Lord Archer of Weston-super-Mare as their candidate when he was charged with perjury; Steve Norris was selected as his replacement.
Mayor of London election 4 May 2000 [2] | |||||||||
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Party | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round votesTransfer votes, 2nd round | |||||
Total | Of round | Transfers | Total | Of round | |||||
Independent | Ken Livingstone | 667,877 | 39.0% | 108,540 | 776,417 |
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Conservative | Steven Norris | 464,434 | 27.1% | 99,703 | 564,137 |
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Labour | Frank Dobson | 223,884 | 13.1% |
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Liberal Democrats | Susan Kramer | 203,452 | 11.9% |
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CPA | Ram Gidoomal | 43,060 | 2.4% |
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Green | Darren Johnson | 38,121 | 2.2% |
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BNP | Michael Newland | 33,569 | 2.0% |
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UKIP | Damian Hockney | 16,324 | 1.0% |
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Pro-Motorist Small Shop | Geoffrey Ben-Nathan | 9,956 | 0.6% |
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Independent | Ashwin Tanna | 9,015 | 0.5% |
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Natural Law | Geoffrey Clements | 5,470 | 0.3% |
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Independent win |
2004
In 2004, the second election was held. After being re-admitted to the Labour Party, Ken Livingstone was their official candidate. He won re-election after second preference votes were counted, with Steve Norris again coming second.
Mayor of London election 10 June 2004 [3] | ||||||||
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Party | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round votesTransfer votes, 2nd round | ||||
Total | Of round | Transfers | Total | Of round | ||||
Labour | Ken Livingstone | 685,548 | 36.8% | 142,842 | 828,390 |
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Conservative | Steven Norris | 542,423 | 29.1% | 124,757 | 667,180 |
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Liberal Democrats | Simon Hughes | 284,647 | 15.3% |
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UKIP | Frank Maloney | 115,666 | 6.2% |
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Respect | Lindsey German | 61,731 | 3.3% |
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BNP | Julian Leppert | 58,407 | 3.1% |
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Green | Darren Johnson | 57,332 | 3.1% |
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CPA | Ram Gidoomal | 31,698 | 2.2% |
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Ind. Working Class | Lorna Reid | 9,452 | 0.5% |
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Independent | Tammy Nagalingam | 6,692 | 0.4% |
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Labour gain from Independent |
2008
The incumbent Labour Mayor, Ken Livingstone was defeated by Conservative candidate Boris Johnson who became London's 2nd Mayor.
Mayor of London election 1 May 2008 [4] | ||||||||
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Party | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round votesTransfer votes, 2nd round | ||||
Total | Of round | Transfers | Total | Of round | ||||
Conservative | Boris Johnson | 1,043,761 | 43.2% | 124,977 | 1,168,738 |
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Labour | Ken Livingstone | 893,887 | 37.0% | 134,089 | 1,027,976 |
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Liberal Democrats | Brian Paddick | 235,585 | 9.8% |
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Green | Siân Berry | 77,347 | 3.2% |
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BNP | Richard Barnbrook | 69,710 | 3.2% |
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CPA | Alan Craig | 39,249 | 1.6% |
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UKIP | Gerard Batten | 22,422 | 1.2% |
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Respect | Lindsey German | 16,796 | 0.7% |
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English Democrat | Matt O'Connor | 10,695 | 0.4% |
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Independent | Winston McKenzie | 5,389 | 0.2% |
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Conservative gain from Labour |
2012
Conservative Mayor Boris Johnson was reelected to a second term in office, defeating former Labour mayor Ken Livingstone. Livingstone announced his retirement from politics in his concession speech.
Mayor of London election 3 May 2012 [5] | ||||||||
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Party | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | 1st round votesTransfer votes, 2nd round | ||||
Total | Of round | Transfers | Total | Of round | ||||
Conservative | Boris Johnson | 971,931 | 44.0% | 82,880 | 1,054,811 |
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Labour | Ken Livingstone | 889,918 | 40.3% | 102,355 | 992,273 |
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Green | Jenny Jones | 98,913 | 4.5% |
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Liberal Democrats | Brian Paddick | 91,774 | 4.2% |
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Independent | Siobhan Benita | 83,914 | 3.8% |
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UKIP | Lawrence Webb | 43,274 | 2.0% |
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BNP | Carlos Cortiglia | 28,751 | 1.3% |
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Conservative hold |
2016
The 2016 London mayoral election was held on 5 May 2016.[6]
Incumbent Mayor Boris Johnson did not run for re-election for a third term in office, as he was elected the Member of Parliament for the Conservative Party in Uxbridge and South Ruislip in the 2015 general election.
List of Mayors
Colour key (for political parties) |
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Name | Picture | Term of office | Elected | Political party | Previous occupations | ||
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style="background-color: Template:Independent/meta/color" | | Ken Livingstone | ![]() |
4 May 2000 | 4 May 2008 | 2000 | Independent | Technician at the Chester Beatty cancer research laboratory Leader of the Greater London Council |
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | | 2004 | Labour | |||||
style="background-color: Template:Conservative Party (UK)/meta/color" | | Boris Johnson | ![]() |
4 May 2008 | 8 May 2016 | 2008 2012 |
Conservative | Journalist (editor of The Spectator, 1999–2005) MP for Henley (2001–2008) |
style="background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK)/meta/color" | | Sadiq Khan | ![]() |
8 May 2016 | Incumbent | 2016 | Labour | Human rights lawyer MP for Tooting (2005–present) |
Powers and functions
Most powers are derived from the Greater London Authority Act 1999 with additional functions coming from the Greater London Authority Act 2007, the Localism Act 2011 and Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011.
- Strategic planning, including housing, waste management, the environment and production of the London Plan
- Refuse or permit planning permission on strategic grounds
- Transport policy, delivered by functional body Transport for London
- Fire and emergency planning, delivered by functional body London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority
- Policing and crime policy, delivered by functional body Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime (before 2012 by functional body Metropolitan Police Authority)
- Economic development, delivered directly by the Greater London Authority through subsidiary company GLA Land and Property (before 2012 by functional body London Development Agency)
- Power to create development corporations, such as the London Legacy Development Corporation
The remaining local government functions are performed by the London borough councils. There is some overlap, for example the borough councils are responsible for waste management, but the mayor is required to produce a waste management strategy.[9] In 2010 the Mayor launched an initiative in partnership with the Multi-academy Trust AET to transform schools across London. This led to the establishment of London Academies Enterprise Trust (LAET) which was intended to be a group of 10 Academies, but it only reached a group of 4 before the Mayor withdrew in 2013.
Service | Greater London Authority | London borough councils |
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Education | ![]() | |
Housing | ![]() |
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Planning applications | ![]() | |
Strategic planning | ![]() |
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Transport planning | ![]() |
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Passenger transport | ![]() |
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Highways | ![]() |
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Police | ![]() |
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Fire | ![]() |
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Social services | ![]() | |
Libraries | ![]() | |
Leisure and recreation | ![]() | |
Waste collection | ![]() | |
Waste disposal | ![]() | |
Environmental health | ![]() | |
Revenue collection | ![]() |
Initiatives
Ken Livingstone
Initiatives taken by Ken Livingstone as Mayor of London included the London congestion charge on private vehicles using city centre London on weekdays, the creation of the London Climate Change Agency, the London Energy Partnership and the founding of the international Large Cities Climate Leadership Group, now known as C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. The congestion charge led to many new buses being introduced across London. In 2003 Livingstone oversaw the introduction of the Oyster Card electronic ticketing system for Transport for London services.[10]
They have also included the London Partnerships Register which was a voluntary scheme without legal force for same-sex couples to register their partnership, and paved the way for the introduction by the United Kingdom Parliament of civil partnerships. Unlike civil partnerships, the London Partnerships Register was open to heterosexual couples who favour a public commitment other than marriage.
As Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone was also a supporter of the London Olympics in 2012, and is known to encourage sport in London; especially when sport can be combined with helping UK charities-like The London Marathon and British 10K charity races. However, Livingstone, in a Mayoral election debate on the BBC's Question Time in April 2008 did state that the primary reason he supported the Olympic bid was to secure funding for the redevelopment of the East End of London. In the summer of 2007 he brought the Tour de France cycle race to London.
Boris Johnson
In May 2008, Boris Johnson introduced a new transport safety initiative to put 440 high-visibility police officers on bus hubs and the immediate vicinity.[11] A ban on alcohol on underground, bus, Docklands Light Railway, and tram services and stations across the capital was announced.[12]
Also in May 2008, Boris Johnson announced the closure of The Londoner newspaper, saving approximately £2.9 million. A percentage of this saving will be spent on planting 10,000 new street trees.[13]
In 2010 Boris Johnson extended the coverage of Oyster Card electronic ticketing to all National Rail overground train services [14]
Also in 2010 Boris Johnson opened a cycle hire scheme (originally sponsored by Barclays, now Santander) with 5,000 bicycles available for hire across London. The scheme gained the nickname of "Boris Bikes" by both Londoners and members of the various media.
In 2011 Boris Johnson set up the Outer London Fund, a money pot of up to £50 million designed to help facilitate better, more effective local high streets.[15] Areas in London were given the chance to submit proposals for two separate pots of money, which would be granted to them if their bid was successful. Successful bids for Phase 1 included Enfield,[16] Muswell Hill[17] and Bexley Town Centre.[18] The recipients of Phase 2 funding are still to be announced.
In January 2013 Boris Johnson appointed journalist Andrew Gilligan as the first Cycling Commissioner for London.[19]
In March 2013 Boris Johnson announced £1 billion of investment in infrastructure to make cycling safer in London, including a 15-mile (24 km) East-West segregated 'Crossrail for bikes'.[20]
In the General Election of 7 May 2015, Boris Johnson was elected as MP for Uxbridge and Ruislip South with 50.2% of the vote on a turnout of 63.4%.[21] For this he receives the basic MP's salary of £67,060 per annum plus expenses to cover staff, office expenses, accommodation if he does not have a London home and travel.[22]
Salary
The Mayor of London's salary is £143,911 per year, which is similar to that of a government Cabinet minister.[23]
See also
- Deputy Mayor of London
- Foreign relations of the Mayor of London
- Lord Mayor of the City of London
- London mayoral election, 2016
References
- ^ "Elections: Labour's Sadiq Khan elected London mayor". BBC News. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
- ^ "2000 election results for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly". London Elects. 5 May 2000. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ^ "2004 election results for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly". London Elects. 10 June 2004. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ^ "2008 election results for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly". London Elects. 2 May 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ^ "London Elects - Declared Results". Greater London Authority. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
- ^ "About London Elects". londonelects.org.uk. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
- ^ Playing a strategic role in planning | Greater London Authority. London.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
- ^ What can the Mayor of London actually do?. Full Fact (2012-04-03). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
- ^ The Mayor's Waste Management Strategies | Greater London Authority. London.gov.uk (2011-11-18). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
- ^ James Rogers (19 August 2003). "London fare freeze to boost smartcard use". Computer Weekly. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- ^ GLA Press Release - New action on transport safety
- ^ GLA Press Release - Plan to ban alcohol on the transport network
- ^ GLA Press Release - Closure of The Londoner newspaper
- ^ Oyster Oyster pay as you go on National Rail
- ^ "Outer London Fund". www.london.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 24 December 2011.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Successful Outer London Bids". www.london.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Will Muswell Hill have a Town Square?". My Muswell. 23 December 2011.
- ^ James Cleverly (5 August 2011). "Bexley Outer London Fund". www.jamescleverly.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Andrew Gilligan appointed 'Cycling Czar' by mayor Johnson. BikeRadar (2013-01-28). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
- ^ "'Crossrail for bikes' set for London". BBC News. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
- ^ "Uxbridge & Ruislip South". BBC website.
- ^ "Pay and expenses for MPs". Parliament website.
- ^ Greater London Authority - Annual Budget
External links
Template:London mayoral election, 2012