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This page is about use of electromagnetic radiation in alternative medicine. For use in mainstream medicine, see electrotherapy.

Electromagnetic therapy (EMT) is a pseudoscientific[1] form of alternative medicine which claims to treat disease by applying electromagnetic radiation to the body.[2][3] There is no scientific evidence that non-medically approved EMT is effective in treating any condition.[2][4] Practitioners claim that these methods can treat a wide range of ailments, including ulcers, headaches, burns, chronic pain, nerve disorders, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, gum infections, asthma, bronchitis, arthritis, cerebral palsy, heart disease and cancer.[2]

This article is part of a series on
Alternative medicine
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Conspiracy theories
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Alternative diagnoses

Use

Despite the lack of scientific evidence, low frequency EMT has been proposed by practitioners of alternative medicine for a variety of purposes, including cell growth promotion, pain reduction[5][6][7][8], improved blood circulation, bone repair,[9][10] fibromyalgia,[11] increased wound healing,[12][13][14][15] sedative effects, enhanced sleep,arthritic relief,[16][17][18] and Alzheimer disease.[19][20]

Proponents of EMT believe that "harmful electromagnetic fields" might "disrupt the body's chemical makeup resulting in disease and illness."[4] The veracity of these assertions is questionable given the magnitude of the emitted fields.[21]

The Moore Cancer Center of the University of California, San Diego Medical Center offers alternative therapies for cancer patients. However, it clearly states on its website that to their knowledge "there is no scientific evidence available that any electromagnetic therapies work."[4]

Effectiveness

The American Cancer Society says that "relying on electromagnetic treatment alone and avoiding conventional medical care may have serious health consequences." In some cases the devices may be ineffective and harmful.[2]

The FDA has banned some commercially available EMT devices. In particular the V.I.B.E. machine had a Class I recall meaning "products that predictably could cause serious health problems or death".[22]

Even though some of the early works in bioelectromagnetics are being successfully applied in clinical medicine,[23][24] there is no relationship between alternative devices or methods which use externally applied electrical forces and the use of electromagnetic energy in mainstream medicine.[2]

Several systematic reviews have shown EMT is not a useful therapy:

  • In 2009 no significant difference from control was found for management of pain or stiffness for osteoarthritis.[16]
  • In 2011 the use of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMT) body mats on their in a wide range of conditions found insufficient evidence for them to be a recommended.[25]
  • In 2014 insufficient for the efficacy of EMT as a therapy for urinary incontinence.[26]
  • In 2014 EMT was found to have no difference from control for stimulation of bone growth in acute fractures.[9]
  • In 2015 Cochrane systematic reviews found no evidence that EMT was useful in healing pressure ulcers[14] or venous stasis ulcers.[15]
  • In 2015 the efficacy of EMT techniques for wound healing was found to have insufficient quantitative evaluation for it to be recommended.[27]

See also

External links

Database, Library & Search

References

  1. ^ Basford, Jeffrey R. (2001). "A historical perspective of the popular use of electric and magnetic therapy". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 82 (9): 1261–1269. doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.25905.
  2. ^ a b c d e The American Cancer Society. "Electromagnetic Therapy: What is the evidence?". Archived from the original on 2008-02-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Luben, RA (1991). "Effects of low-energy electromagnetic fields (pulsed and DC) on membrane signal transduction processes in biological systems". Health physics. 61 (1): 15–28. doi:10.1097/00004032-199107000-00002. PMID 2061045.
  4. ^ a b c Moore Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego Medical Center. "Complementary and Alternative Therapies For Cancer Patients".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Bronfort G, Nilsson N, Haas M, Evans R, Goldsmith CH, Assendelft WJ, Bouter LM (2004). "Non-invasive physical treatments for chronic/recurrent headache". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD001878. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001878.pub2. PMID 15266458.
  6. ^ Smart KM, Wand BM, O'Connell NE (2016). "Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and II". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2: CD010853. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010853.pub2. PMID 26905470.
  7. ^ "Management of neck pain and associated disorders: A clinical practice guideline from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration". European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 25 (7): 2000–22. 2016. doi:10.1007/s00586-016-4467-7. PMID 26984876. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  8. ^ Kroeling P, Gross A, Graham N, Burnie SJ, Szeto G, Goldsmith CH, Haines T, Forget M (2013). "Electrotherapy for neck pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (8): CD004251. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004251.pub5. PMID 23979926.
  9. ^ a b Hannemann, P. F. W.; Mommers, E. H. H.; schots, J. P. M.; Brink, P. R. G.; Poeze, M. (August 2014). "The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic fields bone growth stimulation in acute fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 134 (8): 1093–1106. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  10. ^ Assiotis, A.; Sachinis, N. P.; Chalidis, B. E. (2012). "Pulsed electromagnetic fields for the treatment of tibial delayed unions and nonunions. A prospective clinical study and review of the literature". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 7 (24). Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  11. ^ Sim J, Adams N (1999). "Physical and other non-pharmacological interventions for fibromyalgia". Bailliere's Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 13 (3): 507–23. doi:10.1053/berh.1999.0041. PMID 10562382.
  12. ^ Cullum N, Nelson EA, Flemming K, Sheldon T (2001). "Systematic reviews of wound care management: (5) beds; (6) compression; (7) laser therapy, therapeutic ultrasound, electrotherapy and electromagnetic therapy". Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England). 5 (9): 1–221. doi:10.3310/hta5090. PMID 11368833.
  13. ^ Bouter LM (March 2000). "Insufficient scientific evidence for efficacy of widely used electrotherapy, laser therapy, and ultrasound treatment in physiotherapy". Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (in Dutch and Flemish). 144 (11): 502–5. PMID 10735134.
  14. ^ a b Aziz, Z; Bell-Syer, SE (3 September 2015). "Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD002930. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002930.pub6. PMID 26334539.
  15. ^ a b Aziz, Z; Cullum, N (2 July 2015). "Electromagnetic therapy for treating venous leg ulcers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD002933. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002933.pub6. PMID 26134172.
  16. ^ a b Vavken, P.; Arrich, F.; Schuhfried, O.; Dorotka, R. (May 2009). "Effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 41 (6): 406–411. doi:10.2340/16501977-0374. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  17. ^ Hurley MV, Bearne LM (2008). "Non-exercise physical therapies for musculoskeletal conditions". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 22 (3): 419–33. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2008.01.001. PMID 18519097.
  18. ^ Sarzi-Puttini P, Cimmino MA, Scarpa R, Caporali R, Parazzini F, Zaninelli A, Atzeni F, Canesi B (2005). "Osteoarthritis: an overview of the disease and its treatment strategies". Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 35 (1 Suppl 1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2005.01.013. PMID 16084227.
  19. ^ Begué-Simon AM, Drolet RA (December 1993). "Clinical assessment of the RHUMART system based on the use of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields with low frequency". Int J Rehabil Res. 16 (4): 323–7. doi:10.1097/00004356-199312000-00011. PMID 8175238.
  20. ^ Khaleghi A, Eslampanah Sendi MS, Chavez-Santiago R, Mesiti F, Balasingham I (November 2012). "Exposure of the human brain to an electromagnetic plane wave in the 100–1000 MHz frequency range for potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. 6 (14): 1565–1572. doi:10.1049/iet-map.2012.0436.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  21. ^ Mielczarek, E. V.; Araujo, D. C. (June 2011). "Power Lines and Cancer, Distant Healing and Health Care: Magnetism Misrepresented and Misunderstood". Skeptical Inquirer. 35 (3). Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  22. ^ Stollznow, K. (29 March 2011). "Hard (Pseudo) Science: The Second Coming of the VIBE Machine". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  23. ^ Rosch, P. & Marko S. Markov. "Bioelectromagnetic Medicine". Informa Health Care, 2004. ISBN 0-8247-4700-3, ISBN 978-0-8247-4700-8. Republished by Google books. Accessed 8 June 2009.
  24. ^ Gordon, GA (2007). "Designed electromagnetic pulsed therapy: Clinical applications". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 212 (3): 579–82. doi:10.1002/jcp.21025. PMID 17577213.
  25. ^ Hug, K.; Röösli, M. (21 September 2011). "Therapeutic effects of whole‐body devices applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF): A systematic literature review". Bio Electro Magnetics. 33 (2): 95–105. doi:10.1002/bem.20703. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  26. ^ Lim, R.; Lee, S. W. H.; Tan, P. Y.; Liong, M. L.; Yuen, K. H. (22 September 2014). "Efficacy of electromagnetic therapy for urinary incontinence: A systematic review". Neurourolgoy and Urodynamics. 34 (8): 713–722. doi:10.1002/nau.22672. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  27. ^ Mostafa, J.; Ali, Y.; Zohre, R.; Samaneh, R. (March 2015). "Electromagnetic Fields and Ultrasound Waves in Wound Treatment: A Comparative Review of Therapeutic Outcomes" (PDF). BIOSCIENCES BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASIA,. 12 (1): 185–195. doi:10.13005/bbra/1622. Retrieved 16 May 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
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