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2021 Formula One World Championship

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The 2021 FIA Formula One World Championship is a planned motor-racing championship for Formula One cars which will be the 72nd running of the Formula One World Championship. It is recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the governing body of international motorsport, as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars. The championship is due to be contested over a series of races, or Grands Prix, held around the world. Drivers and teams are scheduled to compete for the titles of World Drivers' Champion and World Constructors' Champion respectively.

Entries

The following teams and drivers are currently under contract to compete in the 2021 World Championship. All teams will compete with tyres supplied by Pirelli.[1] Each team is expected to enter two drivers.[2]

Constructor Chassis Power unit No. Driver name Ref.
Italy AlphaTauri-Honda AT01[3] Honda TBA TBA [4]
United Kingdom Aston Martin-TBA RP20[3] TBA 11 Mexico Sergio Pérez [5][6]
Italy Ferrari SF1000[3] Ferrari 16 Monaco Charles Leclerc [7]
United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes MCL35[3] Mercedes 4 United Kingdom Lando Norris [8][9]
Austria Red Bull Racing-Honda RB16[3] Honda 33 Netherlands Max Verstappen [4][10]
France Renault R.S.20[3] Renault 31 France Esteban Ocon [11]
United Kingdom Williams-Mercedes FW43[3] Mercedes 63 United Kingdom George Russell [12][13]

Team changes

McLaren announced that they would change from using Renault power units to ones built by Mercedes.[8] Racing Point will become known as Aston Martin. The name change was brought about by the team's part owner Lawrence Stroll investing in the Aston Martin marque.[14]

List of planned races

The following seventeen Grands Prix are under contract to be held as part of the 2021 World Championship:

Grand Prix Circuit Ref.
Abu Dhabi Grand Prix United Arab Emirates Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi [15]
Australian Grand Prix Australia Albert Park Circuit, Melbourne [16]
Azerbaijan Grand Prix Azerbaijan Baku City Circuit, Baku [17]
Bahrain Grand Prix Bahrain Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir [18]
Belgian Grand Prix Belgium Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot [19]
British Grand Prix United Kingdom Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone [20]
Canadian Grand Prix Canada Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montréal [21]
Dutch Grand Prix Netherlands Circuit Zandvoort, Zandvoort [22]
French Grand Prix France Circuit Paul Ricard, Le Castellet [23]
Hungarian Grand Prix Hungary Hungaroring, Mogyoród [24]
Italian Grand Prix Italy Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza [25]
Japanese Grand Prix Japan Suzuka International Racing Course, Suzuka [18]
Mexico City Grand Prix Mexico Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Mexico City [26]
Russian Grand Prix Russia Sochi Autodrom, Sochi [27]
Singapore Grand Prix Singapore Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore [28]
United States Grand Prix United States Circuit of the Americas, Austin, Texas [29]
Vietnamese Grand Prix Vietnam Hanoi Street Circuit, Hanoi [30]

The following five races are under contract to run in 2020, but not for 2021:

Grand Prix Circuit Ref.
Austrian Grand Prix Austria Red Bull Ring, Spielberg [31]
Brazilian Grand Prix Brazil Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo [32]
Chinese Grand Prix China Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai [33]
Monaco Grand Prix Monaco Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo [34]
Spanish Grand Prix Spain Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Barcelona [35]

Calendar expansion and changes

Liberty Media, the sport's commercial rights holders, announced that there would be scope for the 2021 calendar to expand beyond the planned twenty-two races of the 2020 calendar.[36] The sporting regulations were amended to allow for a maximum of twenty-five Grands Prix per year.[37]

Further changes to the calendar are planned following the disruption to the 2020 championship brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Australian Grand Prix is due to return to the calendar,[16] as the 2020 race was cancelled because of the pandemic.[40]

Regulation changes

The 2021 championship is due to introduce significant changes to the regulations, including the sport's governance and the sporting rules. Changes to the technical regulations were planned, but these were delayed in March 2020 in response to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[41] These rule changes will instead be introduced in 2022.[3]

Financial regulation

The championship is due to introduce a budget cap, with teams limited to spending a maximum of $175 million per year, with teams being required to use more commercially available materials and teams must submit their annual expenditure.[42] The value is set for twenty-one races; each additional race increases the budget cap by $1 million, and vice versa: each race removed from the scheduled twenty-one race calendar deducts the budget cap by $1 million.[43] However, the budget cap does not include marketing budget, driver's salary and the salaries of the team's top three executives. There will be additional restrictions put in place dictating how prize money can be spent.[44] The cap will only apply to expenditure related to car performance, which will remain in place until 2026.[43] In the event that a team breaks the financial regulations, the team can be penalised in a combination of three separate ways. For a procedural violation teams will be fined on a case-by-case basis. Teams can be given a range of punishments for exceeding their annual budget which include being deducted championship points, having reduced testing time, a race ban, or—for the most severe cases—disqualification from the championship.[43]

Technical regulation

The 2021 World Championship is due to see an overhaul of the technical regulations.[45] Drivers were consulted on developing the technical regulations,[46] which were deliberately written to be restrictive so as to prevent teams from developing radical designs that limited the ability of drivers to overtake.[47] The FIA created a specialist Working Group, or committee of engineers, tasked with identifying and closing loopholes in the regulations before their publication. The elimination of loopholes will, in theory, stop one team from having a dominant car, allowing for closer competition throughout the field while improving the aesthetics of the cars, a major aim of the new regulations.[48]

Aerodynamics and bodywork

The technical regulations will allow for the reintroduction of ground effect.[49][a] This will coincide with a simplification of the cars' bodywork, making the underside of the car the primary source of aerodynamic grip. This aims to reduce the turbulent air in the cars' wake to allow drivers to follow each other more closely whilst still maintaining a similar level of downforce compared to previous years. Further changes to the aerodynamics are aimed at limiting the teams' ability to control airflow around the front wheels and further reduce the cars' aerodynamic wake.[50] This includes the elimination of bargeboards, the complex aerodynamic devices that manipulate airflow around the body of the car.[51] The front wing and endplates will be simplified, reducing the number and complexity of aerodynamic elements. The front wing must also directly connect to the nosecone unlike pre-2021 designs where the wing could be connected to the nose via supports to create a space under the monocoque, thereby encouraging airflow under the car by way of the wing's larger surface area and the nose's increased height. The rear wings will be wider and mounted higher than in previous years, with additional restrictions in place to limit the teams' ability to use the car's exhaust gases to generate downforce and bodywork will be required to be coated in rubber to minimise the risk of components breaking off cars to minimise the risk of local yellow flags, safety cars and stoppages. Figures released by the Working Group revealed that where a 2019-specification car following another car had just 55% of its normal levels of downforce available, a 2021-specification car following another car would have up to 86% of its normal levels of downforce.[52]

Teams will be further restricted in the number of aerodynamic upgrades they can introduce to the car, both over the course of a race weekend and over the course of the championship. These rules were introduced to further cut the costs of competing.[37]

Power units

Discussions over the 2021 engine regulations began in 2017 and were finalised in May 2018.[53][54] The proposed regulations involved removing the Motor Generator Unit–Heat (MGU-H) to simplify the technology used in the engine whilst raising the maximum rev limit by 3000 rpm.[55] Further proposals dubbed "plug-and-play" would see engine suppliers bound by the regulations to make individual engine components universally compatible, allowing teams to source their components from multiple suppliers.[56] The proposals were designed to simplify the engine technology whilst making the sport more attractive to new entrants.[57] However, as no new power unit suppliers committed themselves to entering the sport from 2021, the existing suppliers proposed to retain the existing power unit formula in a bid to reduce overall development costs with a similar restriction to teams in regards to commercially available materials.[58]

The quota system of power unit components will continue in 2021, with teams given a limited number of individual components that can be used before incurring a penalty. The exhaust system will be added to the list of components, with teams allowed to use a maximum of six over the course of the championship.[37]

Standardised components

The sport intends to introduce a series of standardised components from 2021, with the regulations calling for the standard components to be in place until 2024. These standardised components include the gearbox and fuel system.[59][60] Some aerodynamic components—such as the tray that sits at the front of the car floor—will also be standardised so as to restrict teams' ability to develop the area and gain a competitive andvantage.[52] Individual parts will now be classified as a way of clarifying the rules surrounding them:[52]

  • "Listed Parts" refers to the parts of the car that teams are required to design by themselves.
  • "Standard Parts" is the name given to the parts of the car that all teams must use, including wheel rims and equipment used in pit stops.
  • "Transferable Parts" are parts that a team can develop and sell on to another team, such as the gearbox and the clutch.
  • "Prescribed Parts" are parts that teams are required to develop according to a prescriptive set of regulations. Prescribed parts include wheel arches and wheel aerodynamics.
  • "Open-source Parts" may be developed collectively by teams and sold on to customers. Steering wheels and the DRS mechanism are listed as Open-source Parts.

The system of categorising parts was introduced to allow for design freedom as the overhaul to the aerodynamic regulations was highly-prescriptive.[52]

Tyres

The championship will move from 13-inch to 18-inch wheels. It was originally proposed that the use of tyre warmers—electric blankets designed to keep the tyres at the optimal operating temperature when not in use—will be banned,[61] although this decision was later reversed after opposition from the tyre supplier Pirelli.[62] Tyre warmers will instead become a standardised piece of equipment, with all teams required to use the same product with a view to eventually phase them out altogether.[citation needed]

Banned devices

The "Dual-Axis Steering" system developed by Mercedes in 2020 will be banned in 2021.[63] The dual-axis system allowed the driver to adjust the toe of the front wheels to optimise mechanical grip by pulling or pushing on the steering wheel.

Sporting regulations

Teams will be required to allow a driver who has competed in less than two Grands Prix to replace one of their race drivers in a Friday practice session over the course of the season. Whilst these rules are intended to give a chance to more non-Formula One drivers to test a Formula One car, the wording of this rule means that teams satisfy the requirement if one of their regular drivers is in their rookie season.[64][65]

Race weekend structure

For the 2021 season the schedule of a race weekend is due to be revised. Under the pre-existing regulations a race weekend spans four days with the Thursday before the race being reserved for media and promotional events and scrutineering; however, under the new regulations all of Thursday's events will be moved to the Friday morning with the times between Friday's activities being reduced.[66] Cars will be under parc fermé conditions following the end of free practice 3 instead of qualifying, further restricting teams and drivers making major changes to setups ahead of the race.

Notes

  1. ^ Ground effects had previous been permitted until 1983 when the concept was banned over concerns about increased cornering speeds and radical car designs such as the Brabham BT46B "fan car".

References

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