Isotopes of silver

Isotopes of silver (₄₇Ag)
γ	–
γ	–
IT	108Ag
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ag)
	107.8682±0.0002; 107.87±0.01 (abridged);
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Naturally occurring silver (₄₇Ag) is composed of the two stable isotopes ¹⁰⁷Ag and ¹⁰⁹Ag in almost equal proportions, with ¹⁰⁷Ag being slightly more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being ¹⁰⁵Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, ¹¹¹Ag with a half-life of 7.45 days, and ¹¹²Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours.

All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than an hour, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 3 minutes. This element has numerous meta states, with the most stable being ^108mAg (t_* 418 years), ^110mAg (t_* 249.79 days) and ^106mAg (t_* 8.28 days).

Isotopes of silver range in atomic weight from 92.950 u (⁹³Ag) to 129.950 u (¹³⁰Ag). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, ¹⁰⁷Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before ¹⁰⁷Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes.

The palladium isotope ¹⁰⁷Pd decays by beta emission to ¹⁰⁷Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects with a high enough palladium/silver ratio to yield measurable variations in ¹⁰⁷Ag abundance. Radiogenic ¹⁰⁷Ag was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite in 1978.

The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a nucleosynthetic event. ¹⁰⁷Pd versus ¹⁰⁷Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since the accretion of the solar system, must reflect the presence of live short-lived nuclides in the early solar system.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy^{[n 4]}			Half-life ^{[n 4]}	Decay mode ^{[n 5]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 8]}^{[n 4]}	Normal proportion	Range of variation
⁹³Ag	47	46	92.94978(64)#	5# ms [>1.5 µs]	β⁺	⁹³Pd	9/2+#
⁹³Ag	47	46	92.94978(64)#	5# ms [>1.5 µs]	p	⁹²Pd	9/2+#
⁹⁴Ag	47	47	93.94278(54)#	37(18) ms [26(+26−9) ms]	β⁺	⁹⁴Pd	0+#
^94m1Ag	1350(400)# keV			422(16) ms	β⁺ (>99.9%)	⁹⁴Pd	(7+)
^94m1Ag	1350(400)# keV			422(16) ms	β⁺, p (<.1%)	⁹³Rh	(7+)
^94m2Ag	6500(2000)# keV			300(200) ms			(21+)
⁹⁵Ag	47	48	94.93548(43)#	1.74(13) s	β⁺ (>99.9%)	⁹⁵Pd	(9/2+)
⁹⁵Ag	47	48	94.93548(43)#	1.74(13) s	β⁺, p (<.1%)	⁹⁴Rh	(9/2+)
^95m1Ag	344.2(3) keV			<0.5 s			(1/2−)
^95m2Ag	2531(1) keV			<16 ms			(23/2+)
^95m3Ag	4859(1) keV			<40 ms			(37/2+)
⁹⁶Ag	47	49	95.93068(43)#	4.45(4) s	β⁺ (96.3%)	⁹⁶Pd	(8+)
⁹⁶Ag	47	49	95.93068(43)#	4.45(4) s	β⁺, p (3.7%)	⁹⁵Rh	(8+)
^96m1Ag	0(50)# keV			6.9(6) s			(2+)
^96m2Ag				700(200) ns
⁹⁷Ag	47	50	96.92397(35)	25.3(3) s	β⁺	⁹⁷Pd	(9/2+)
^97mAg	2343(49) keV			5 ns			(21/2+)
⁹⁸Ag	47	51	97.92157(7)	47.5(3) s	β⁺ (99.99%)	⁹⁸Pd	(5+)
⁹⁸Ag	47	51	97.92157(7)	47.5(3) s	β⁺, p (.0012%)	⁹⁷Rh	(5+)
^98mAg	167.83(15) keV			220(20) ns			(3+)
⁹⁹Ag	47	52	98.91760(16)	124(3) s	β⁺	⁹⁹Pd	(9/2)+
^99mAg	506.1(4) keV			10.5(5) s	IT	⁹⁹Ag	(1/2−)
¹⁰⁰Ag	47	53	99.91610(8)	2.01(9) min	β⁺	¹⁰⁰Pd	(5)+
^100mAg	15.52(16) keV			2.24(13) min	IT	¹⁰⁰Ag	(2)+
^100mAg	15.52(16) keV			2.24(13) min	β⁺	¹⁰⁰Pd	(2)+
¹⁰¹Ag	47	54	100.91280(11)	11.1(3) min	β⁺	¹⁰¹Pd	9/2+
^101mAg	274.1(3) keV			3.10(10) s	IT	¹⁰¹Ag	1/2−
¹⁰²Ag	47	55	101.91169(3)	12.9(3) min	β⁺	¹⁰²Pd	5+
^102mAg	9.3(4) keV			7.7(5) min	β⁺ (51%)	¹⁰²Pd	2+
^102mAg	9.3(4) keV			7.7(5) min	IT (49%)	¹⁰²Ag	2+
¹⁰³Ag	47	56	102.908973(18)	65.7(7) min	β⁺	¹⁰³Pd	7/2+
^103mAg	134.45(4) keV			5.7(3) s	IT	¹⁰³Ag	1/2−
¹⁰⁴Ag	47	57	103.908629(6)	69.2(10) min	β⁺	¹⁰⁴Pd	5+
^104mAg	6.9(4) keV			33.5(20) min	β⁺ (99.93%)	¹⁰⁴Pd	2+
^104mAg	6.9(4) keV			33.5(20) min	IT (.07%)	¹⁰⁴Ag	2+
¹⁰⁵Ag	47	58	104.906529(12)	41.29(7) d	β⁺	¹⁰⁵Pd	1/2−
^105mAg	25.465(12) keV			7.23(16) min	IT (99.66%)	¹⁰⁵Ag	7/2+
^105mAg	25.465(12) keV			7.23(16) min	β⁺ (.34%)	¹⁰⁵Pd	7/2+
¹⁰⁶Ag	47	59	105.906669(5)	23.96(4) min	β⁺ (99.5%)	¹⁰⁶Pd	1+
¹⁰⁶Ag	47	59	105.906669(5)	23.96(4) min	β⁻ (0.5%)	¹⁰⁶Cd	1+
^106mAg	89.66(7) keV			8.28(2) d	β⁺	¹⁰⁶Pd	6+
^106mAg	89.66(7) keV			8.28(2) d	IT (4.16×10⁻⁶%)	¹⁰⁶Ag	6+
¹⁰⁷Ag^{[n 9]}	47	60	106.905097(5)	Stable			1/2−	0.51839(8)
^107mAg	93.125(19) keV			44.3(2) s	IT	¹⁰⁷Ag	7/2+
¹⁰⁸Ag	47	61	107.905956(5)	2.37(1) min	β⁻ (97.15%)	¹⁰⁸Cd	1+
¹⁰⁸Ag	47	61	107.905956(5)	2.37(1) min	β⁺ (2.85%)	¹⁰⁸Pd	1+
^108mAg	109.440(7) keV			418(21) y	β⁺ (91.3%)	¹⁰⁸Pd	6+
^108mAg	109.440(7) keV			418(21) y	IT (8.96%)	¹⁰⁸Ag	6+
¹⁰⁹Ag^{[n 10]}	47	62	108.904752(3)	Stable			1/2−	0.48161(8)
^109mAg	88.0341(11) keV			39.6(2) s	IT	¹⁰⁹Ag	7/2+
¹¹⁰Ag	47	63	109.906107(3)	24.6(2) s	β⁻ (99.7%)	¹¹⁰Cd	1+
¹¹⁰Ag	47	63	109.906107(3)	24.6(2) s	EC (.3%)	¹¹⁰Pd	1+
^110m1Ag	1.113 keV			660(40) ns			2−
^110m2Ag	117.59(5) keV			249.950(24) d	β⁻ (98.64%)	¹¹⁰Cd	6+
^110m2Ag	117.59(5) keV			249.950(24) d	IT (1.36%)	¹¹⁰Ag	6+
¹¹¹Ag^{[n 10]}	47	64	110.905291(3)	7.45(1) d	β⁻	¹¹¹Cd	1/2−
^111mAg	59.82(4) keV			64.8(8) s	IT (99.3%)	¹¹¹Ag	7/2+
^111mAg	59.82(4) keV			64.8(8) s	β⁻ (.7%)	¹¹¹Cd	7/2+
¹¹²Ag	47	65	111.907005(18)	3.130(9) h	β⁻	¹¹²Cd	2(−)
¹¹³Ag	47	66	112.906567(18)	5.37(5) h	β⁻	^113mCd	1/2−
^113mAg	43.50(10) keV			68.7(16) s	IT (64%)	¹¹³Ag	7/2+
^113mAg	43.50(10) keV			68.7(16) s	β⁻ (36%)	¹¹³Cd	7/2+
¹¹⁴Ag	47	67	113.908804(27)	4.6(1) s	β⁻	¹¹⁴Cd	1+
^114mAg	199(5) keV			1.50(5) ms	IT	¹¹⁴Ag	(<7+)
¹¹⁵Ag	47	68	114.90876(4)	20.0(5) min	β⁻	^115mCd	1/2−
^115mAg	41.16(10) keV			18.0(7) s	β⁻ (79%)	¹¹⁵Cd	7/2+
^115mAg	41.16(10) keV			18.0(7) s	IT (21%)	¹¹⁵Ag	7/2+
¹¹⁶Ag	47	69	115.91136(5)	2.68(10) min	β⁻	¹¹⁶Cd	(2)−
^116mAg	81.90(20) keV			8.6(3) s	β⁻ (94%)	¹¹⁶Cd	(5+)
^116mAg	81.90(20) keV			8.6(3) s	IT (6%)	¹¹⁶Ag	(5+)
¹¹⁷Ag	47	70	116.91168(5)	73.6(14) s [72.8(+20−7) s]	β⁻	^117mCd	1/2−#
^117mAg	28.6(2) keV			5.34(5) s	β⁻ (94%)	^117mCd	(7/2+)
^117mAg	28.6(2) keV			5.34(5) s	IT (6%)	¹¹⁷Ag	(7/2+)
¹¹⁸Ag	47	71	117.91458(7)	3.76(15) s	β⁻	¹¹⁸Cd	1-
^118m1Ag	45.79(9) keV			~0.1 µs			0(−) to 2(−)
^118m2Ag	127.49(5) keV			2.0(2) s	β⁻ (59%)	¹¹⁸Cd	4(+)
^118m2Ag	127.49(5) keV			2.0(2) s	IT (41%)	¹¹⁸Ag	4(+)
^118m3Ag	279.37(20) keV			~0.1 µs			(2+, 3+)
¹¹⁹Ag	47	72	118.91567(10)	6.0(5) s	β⁻	^119mCd	1/2−#
^119mAg	20(20)# keV			2.1(1) s	β⁻	¹¹⁹Cd	7/2+#
¹²⁰Ag	47	73	119.91879(8)	1.23(4) s	β⁻ (99.99%)	¹²⁰Cd	3(+#)
¹²⁰Ag	47	73	119.91879(8)	1.23(4) s	β⁻, n (.003%)	¹¹⁹Cd	3(+#)
^120mAg	203.0(10) keV			371(24) ms	β⁻ (63%)	¹²⁰Cd	6(−)
^120mAg	203.0(10) keV			371(24) ms	IT (37%)	¹²⁰Ag	6(−)
¹²¹Ag	47	74	120.91985(16)	0.79(2) s	β⁻ (99.92%)	¹²¹Cd	(7/2+)#
¹²¹Ag	47	74	120.91985(16)	0.79(2) s	β⁻, n (.076%)	¹²⁰Cd	(7/2+)#
¹²²Ag	47	75	121.92353(22)#	0.529(13) s	β⁻ (>99.9%)	¹²²Cd	(3+)
¹²²Ag	47	75	121.92353(22)#	0.529(13) s	β⁻, n (<.1%)	¹²¹Cd	(3+)
^122mAg	80(50)# keV			1.5(5) s	β⁻ (>99.9%)	¹²²Cd	8-#
^122mAg	80(50)# keV			1.5(5) s	β⁻, n (<.1%)	¹²¹Cd	8-#
¹²³Ag	47	76	122.92490(22)#	0.300(5) s	β⁻ (99.45%)	¹²³Cd	(7/2+)
¹²³Ag	47	76	122.92490(22)#	0.300(5) s	β⁻, n (.549%)	¹²²Cd	(7/2+)
¹²⁴Ag	47	77	123.92864(21)#	172(5) ms	β⁻ (99.9%)	¹²⁴Cd	3+#
¹²⁴Ag	47	77	123.92864(21)#	172(5) ms	β⁻, n (.1%)	¹²³Cd	3+#
^124mAg	0(100)# keV			200# ms	β⁻	¹²⁴Cd	8-#
^124mAg	0(100)# keV			200# ms	IT	¹²⁴Ag	8-#
¹²⁵Ag	47	78	124.93043(32)#	166(7) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	¹²⁵Cd	(7/2+)#
¹²⁵Ag	47	78	124.93043(32)#	166(7) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	¹²⁴Cd	(7/2+)#
¹²⁶Ag	47	79	125.93450(32)#	107(12) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	¹²⁶Cd	3+#
¹²⁶Ag	47	79	125.93450(32)#	107(12) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	¹²⁵Cd	3+#
¹²⁷Ag	47	80	126.93677(32)#	79(3) ms	β⁻ (>99.9%)	¹²⁷Cd	7/2+#
¹²⁷Ag	47	80	126.93677(32)#	79(3) ms	β⁻, n (<.1%)	¹²⁶Cd	7/2+#
¹²⁸Ag	47	81	127.94117(32)#	58(5) ms	β⁻	¹²⁸Cd
¹²⁹Ag	47	82	128.94369(43)#	44(7) ms [46(+5−9) ms]	β⁻ (>99.9%)	¹²⁹Cd	7/2+#
¹²⁹Ag	47	82	128.94369(43)#	44(7) ms [46(+5−9) ms]	β⁻, n (<.1%)	¹²⁸Cd	7/2+#
^129mAg	0(200)# keV			~160 ms			1/2−#
¹³⁰Ag	47	83	129.95045(36)#	~50 ms	β⁻	¹³⁰Cd	0+
¹³¹Ag	47	84		35 ms	β⁻	¹³¹Cd
¹³²Ag	47	85		28 ms	β⁻	¹³²Cd
This table header & footer: view

^ ^mAg – Excited nuclear isomer.
^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^ ^a ^b ^c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^ Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission
^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^ Used to date certain events in the early history of the Solar System
^ ^a ^b Fission product

References

^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Silver". CIAAW. 1985.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

[4] Ag – Excited nuclear isomer.

[5] ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.

[TMS-6] # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).

[TNN-7] # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).

[8] Modes of decay:

EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition

n: Neutron emission

p: Proton emission

[9] Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.

[10] Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.

[11] ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.

[12] Used to date certain events in the early history of the Solar System

[FP-13] Fission product

[NUBASE2020-1] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[2] "Standard Atomic Weights: Silver". CIAAW. 1985.

[CIAAW2021-3] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

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