2022 Karnataka hijab row: Difference between revisions

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Undid revision 1072031464 by CapnJackSp (talk) No, please follow WP:BRD and show the sources on talk. Neither the statement on dispute resolution involving Muslim Fed and PFI being "primary" are there in any listed source. There is no reason to carry statement of an anonymous leader.
→‎Udupi dispute: rm unsourced claims of "complicated picture" and "apparent" revelations. Sources have been consistent from the beginning. Reword sentence on motivation with more statements from involved students.
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The protesting students had been removing hijabs inside classrooms. But after realising during the pandemic closures that it was merely a guidance from the college authorities and there was no mandatory rule about hijabs in classrooms, they came to the decision to insist upon wearing hijabs.<ref>{{cite news| last=Qureshi |first=Imran |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-60079770 |title=Udupi hijab issue: The Indian girls fighting to wear hijab in college |date=22 January 2022 |access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Print viral photos">
Later investigations revealed a complicated picture. The protesting students had apparently attended the previous year of college following its rules of removing hijab inside classrooms, but this fact was not appreciated by their parents. After the parents discovered the true situation, they as well as the students came to the decision to insist upon hijab.<ref name="Print viral photos">
{{Cite news |last=Sood |first=Anusha Ravi |title=Viral photos, bruised egos, radical student groups: Inside story of Karnataka's hijab crisis |newspaper=ThePrint |date=11 February 2022 |url=https://theprint.in/india/viral-photos-bruised-egos-radical-student-groups-inside-story-of-karnatakas-hijab-crisis/827262/}}
{{Cite news |last=Sood |first=Anusha Ravi |title=Viral photos, bruised egos, radical student groups: Inside story of Karnataka's hijab crisis |newspaper=ThePrint |date=11 February 2022 |url=https://theprint.in/india/viral-photos-bruised-egos-radical-student-groups-inside-story-of-karnatakas-hijab-crisis/827262/}}
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{{Cite web |last=Wahab |first=Ghazala |title=Why the hijab row is not an identity issue |newspaper=Mintlounge |date=9 February 2022 |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/talking-point/why-the-hijab-row-is-not-an-identity-issue-111644385790622.html}}
{{Cite web |last=Wahab |first=Ghazala |title=Why the hijab row is not an identity issue |newspaper=Mintlounge |date=9 February 2022 |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/talking-point/why-the-hijab-row-is-not-an-identity-issue-111644385790622.html}}
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The college development committee, which is responsible for setting the uniform policy, was headed by [[K. Raghupati Bhat]], an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] belonging to the ruling BJP. Its 21 members did not include any Muslims.<ref name="Print viral photos"/> CFI and SDPI took the position that, since uniforms were not mandated by the government, they could not violate the students' religious rights. Bhat told the media that the college had written to the Pre-University Education Department of the state government to clarify the matter.<ref name="Hindu NSUI">
The college development committee, which is responsible for setting the uniform policy, was headed by [[K. Raghupati Bhat]], an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] belonging to the ruling BJP. Its 21 members did not include any Muslims.<ref name="Print viral photos"/> CFI and SDPI took the position that, since uniforms were not mandated by the government, they could not violate the students' religious rights. Bhat told the media that the college had written to the Pre-University Education Department of the state government to clarify the matter.<ref name="Hindu NSUI">

Revision as of 17:05, 15 February 2022

At the beginning of January 2022, a dispute erupted in the Indian state of Karnataka, when Muslim students wearing hijab in a junior college were denied entry to classes.[1] Over the following weeks, it spread to several other schools and colleges across the state. Around 5 February 2022, the Karnataka government issued an order stating that uniforms must be worn compulsorily where policies exist and no exception can be made for the wearing of hijab. Several schools cited this order and denied entry to Muslim girls wearing the hijab.[2][3] Following this, petitions with regard to this issue were filed in the Karnataka High Court. The High Court issued an interim order restraining all students from wearing any form of religious attire. On 8 February 2022, the Government of Karnataka announced the closure of high schools and colleges for three days after protests and disputes over the wearing of hijab intensified. When the schools reopened on 14 February, the High Court order was implemented in all schools and colleges of Karnataka, asking the students to remove hijabs at the school gates.

The hijab ban was criticized inside India and internationally by officials in the United States and Pakistan, by Human Rights Watch, and by figures like Malala Yousafzai and Noam Chomsky. The ban was defended inside India by politicians, such as Aaditya Thackeray and Vishva Hindu Parishad.

Background

The education system of Karanataka involves 10 years of school and two years of Pre-University college. On the basis of the Karnataka Education Act, 1983[a] the Government of Karnataka has empowered the school management committees (SMCs) and college development committees (CDCs) to decide on uniforms for their students. For school students, uniforms are said to be mandatory. For pre-University colleges, uniforms were not mandated by the government, but, over time, the majority of college CDCs have adopted them. The rise in student numbers is said to have been a factor in this trend.[5][4]

Muslims constitute 13% of the population of the state Karnataka.[6] Many Muslim women consider hijab to be a part of the Islamic faith.[7] In India, the public display of religious symbols is common,[8] including the wearing of hijab and burqa.[9][8][7] Several colleges in Karnataka reported that a small number of Muslim students have "always" worn the hijab in classroom.[10] M Raghupathy, who was Karnataka's education minister in a Janata Party government in the 1980s, said that the government's uniform mandates had allowed both the hijab and the Christian nun's habit. He said that the Bharatiya Janata Party had not objected to hijab back then.[11]

The Indian Express reports that in 2018 some students wore saffron shawls to protest against the hijab and burqa in a college in Chikmagalur district. According to the newspaper, the issue was resolved when the principal decided to allow the hijab, but not the burqa.[12]

Since 2019, Karnataka has been ruled by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[6] It has adopted the popular Hindu nationalist policies such as banning cow slaughter,[13][14] and passing an "anti-conversion bill" that critics say makes it difficult for interfaith couples to marry or for individuals to convert to Christianity or Islam.[13][14]

Events

Udupi dispute

In early January 2022, a dispute over the wearing of hijab was reported at a government-run pre-University college at Udupi that had disallowed the wearing of hijab as being in violation of its uniform policy.[1] Six Muslim female students insisted on wearing hijab to classes on top of their college uniform.[8] The college said its uniform policy did not allow for the hijab.[1] The girls offered to use the existing uniform's dupatta to cover their head, arguing they didn't need to wear a separate hijab of a different colour or material, but the college refused.[1][15] The college allowed them to wear the hijab on campus, but did not allow them into classes.[16][8] They were found sitting in corridors and working with their notebooks.[15]

The case was brought to the attention of the media by Ansar Ahmed, the district president of Karnataka Rakshana Vedike, a voluntary organisation.[1] The student wing of Popular Front of India (PFI),[b] called Campus Front of India, threatened a protest, prompting the college to arrange a police presence.[1] The political wing of PFI, called Social Democratic Party of India (SDPI), is also said to have threatened with protests.[19] The college authorities met and talked with the parents, but remained firm in their resolution not to allow religious attire.[20][21]

The protesting students had been removing hijabs inside classrooms. But after realising during the pandemic closures that it was merely a guidance from the college authorities and there was no mandatory rule about hijabs in classrooms, they came to the decision to insist upon wearing hijabs.[22][10][23]


The college development committee, which is responsible for setting the uniform policy, was headed by K. Raghupati Bhat, an MLA belonging to the ruling BJP. Its 21 members did not include any Muslims.[10] CFI and SDPI took the position that, since uniforms were not mandated by the government, they could not violate the students' religious rights. Bhat told the media that the college had written to the Pre-University Education Department of the state government to clarify the matter.[24] Thus the matter was escalated to the state government level.

Other locations

Soon after the Udupi episode became public, at a co-educational first grade college in Koppa in the Chikmagalur district, where hijabs were being allowed, Hindu students started wearing saffron scarves[c] to the college to protest the allowance of hijab.[26] The college asked the Muslim students to remove hijab in classrooms in order to deflect the crisis.[27] The matter was resolved a few days later at a parent–teacher meeting where it was decided to allow Muslim girls with hijab. The parents of the Hindu students did not support their wards donning saffron scarves.[15]

During the rest of January , the row over hijab has spilled over to other institutions in the Udupi district. On 6 January, Hindu students wore saffron shawls to protest against the hijab at Pompei College in Mangalore.[28] The protests were supported by the Hindu nationalist organizations ABVP, VHP and Bajrang Dal.[28] On 3 February, Hindu students wearing saffron shawls prevented hijab-wearing Muslim students from entering Dr BB Hegde College near Udupi.[29]

Government reaction

The ministers of Bharatiya Janata Party-led Karnataka government reacted to the incidents with apparent distaste. The education minister B. C. Nagesh termed it as an "act of indiscipline". The students could not practise their "religion" in public educational institutions, in his view.[24] The uniform had been present for over three decades and there had been no problem with it till this point, he said.[30] He blamed "political leaders", an apparent reference to the PFI, for provoking the students, who were allegedly "playing politics".[31] The Home minster Araga Jnanendra said that there must be a universal feeling in schools and colleges that "we are all Indians", which required that the uniform code set by colleges be followed.[32]

On 27 January, the government announced the setting up of an expert committee to study the issue. Until its decision was made, the government urged the students to maintain the "status quo".[32] For the Udupi PU College students, the "status quo" apparently meant that they should "adhere to the uniform rule". The government issued an order to this effect.[32] The CDC chairman Raghupati Bhat called a meeting with parents and told them that the students should remove hijab in classroom.[33]

On either 3 February or 4 February,[d] the government issued an order stating that the uniforms mandated by college development committees must be worn "compulsorily".[35] Students following religious tenents adversely impacted "equality and unity" in colleges, according to the order. The preamble stated that a ban on hijab was "not illegal", and cited three court orders from Kerala, Bombay and Madras High Courts. For those colleges where the CDCs did not mandate a uniform, the students must still wear attire that maintains "equality and unity and doesn’t hamper public order".[36] The order mentioned that the uniform were to be decided by the state government in government schools, and by the school management in private schools. Several schools cited this order and denied entry to Muslim girls wearing the burqa.[2][3][37]

Fallout

At the Dr BB Hegde College, where the hijab-wearing students were blocked the previous day, the college administration banned the hijab citing the government order. The students had apparently been wearing hijab for three years at the school without issue.[29] Bhandarkars' Arts & Science College also banned the hijab; some of its female Muslim students found their college's treatment "humiliating".[29]

At a college in Kundapur, 28 students wearing hijab were barred from entering the college premises.[38] The students were very anxious because their public exams were just two months away. The Telegraph commented that their "tearful pleas fell on deaf ears".[31]

On 8 February, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College prevented students in hijab from entering, even though multiple students said the college had not objected to her hijab in the past.[39][40]

The dispute then began to spread to other institutions across Karnataka, between Muslim students wanting to wear hijab and the administrations barring them. The controversy intensified in early February 2022.[41]

Between 4 and 7 February, counter-protests led by students who were against allowing students wearing the hijab to enter the college. These students marched to the college wearing saffron shawls. However, authorities stopped them from entering the premises and asked the students to remove the shawls.[42] The students were allowed in only after they complied with the request.[43][44][45][42][46][excessive citations]

On 7 February, some students wore blue shawls and chanted Jai Bhim at a college in Chikmagalur in support of Muslim girls in hijab (as opposed to the saffron shawls that were against the wearing of hijab).[47]

On 10 February 2022, a lone Muslim woman, named Muskan Khan, clad in a burqa was heckled on her college grounds in Mandya by a crowd of male Hindu students wearing saffron shawls and chanting "Jai Shri Ram". She responded back shouting "Allahu Akbar", while the college staff controlled the crowd and escorted her into the building.[48][49][13] A video of the incident went viral.[50] The treatment of Muskan Khan was condemned by many notable figures, including by actors John Cusack,[51] Pooja Bhatt,[51] Fakhre Alam,[51] and footballer Paul Pogba.[52]

On 8 February 2022, the Government of Karnataka announced the closure of high schools and colleges for three days, after the controversy over the wearing of hijab by Muslim students intensified.[53][54] The Bangalore Police prohibited protests and agitations from 9 February until 22 February within the vicinity of any educational institution.[55] Two Muslim men were arrested when they were found carrying lethal weapons during a protest. Three others managed to flee.[56]

Court case

Several students from the Government Pre University College for Girls, Udupi, petitioned the Karnataka High Court against the ban, stating that wearing the burqa was their religious right.[13][57][2]

On 9 February, a single judge hearing the case referred the matter to a larger bench.[58][59]

A three judge bench headed by Chief Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi passed a interim order on 11 February. It requested the State to re-open the educational institutions and restrained students from wearing any sort of religious clothes in classrooms until court decided the matter.[60][61]

Reactions

Domestic

  • Apoorvanand, a professor of Hindi at the University of Delhi, called the controversy a part of a larger project in which “Muslim identity markers are being declared as sectarian and undesirable in public spaces". He said "It is telling Muslims and non-Hindus that the state will dictate their appearance and their practices,".[62]
  • Rahul Gandhi, the leader of the opposition Indian National Congress party criticized the government and said "By letting students' hijab come in the way of their education, we are robbing the future of the daughters of India. Prohibiting hijab-wearing students from entering school is a violation of fundamental rights."[62]
  • Aaditya Thackeray, state minister of Maharashtra, told journalists that if there was a uniform at schools, there should not be a place for any other dress other than that, saying, "Schools and colleges are the Centres of education, only education should be imparted there".[63]
  • Muslim Rashtriya Manch (MRM), the Muslim wing of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)-
    • In a statement, Anil Singh, the Prant Sanchalak (Awadh) of the MRM backed the burqa-clad student who was heckled by youth shouting 'Jai Shri Ram' slogans at a Karnataka college, saying ‘purdah’ is part of Indian culture.[64]
    • The MRM distanced itself from Singh's statement and said that it does not support such "fanaticism and religious frenzy" and supported the enforcement of dress code in educational institutions in Karnataka.[65]
  • Vishva Hindu Parishad - Dr Surendra Jain, joint secretary of Vishwa Hindu Parishad termed the hijab row “a conspiracy to propagate jihadi terrorism” and said that Muslim students were attempting “hijab jihad” in college campuses.[62][66]
  • Madhya Pradesh Education Minister Inder Singh Parmar (BJP) said "Hijab is not a part of uniform and, therefore, I feel it should be banned".[67][68] The Madhya Pradesh government clarified that no proposal to ban the hijab was under consideration.[69]
  • Education ministers in BJP ruled Himachal Pradesh and Tripura said their governments currently had no plans for a uniform dress code.[67]
  • Education ministers of Maharashtra and West Bengal, both states ruled by opposition parties, accused the BJP of "politicising" the school uniform.[67] West Bengal education minister promised his state would "never" implement a hijab ban.[67] Maharashtra education minister maintained the Indian Constitution gave freedom of religion.[67] Rajasthan Education Minister Bulaki Das Kalla said his state doesn't restrict the hijab and accused the BJP of "mak[ing] issues out of non-issues".[67]
  • Sonam Kapoor – She shared a Instagram picture of a man in a turban and a woman in a hijab, and it questions why can a turban be a choice but a hijab can't.[70]

International

Notes

  1. ^ The Act seems to have been amended in 2013 and 2018.[4]
  2. ^ Often described as an extremist Islamic organisation.[17][18]
  3. ^ Saffron is a holy colour in Hinduism, but there is no religious requirement to wear it in scarves. More significantly, the saffron colour is promoted by the Hindu nationalist organisations such as the Vishva Hindu Parishad as an emblem of their ideology.[25]
  4. ^ The order did not come into public view till 5 February. But the institutions citing the order were already implementing it on Thursday, 3 February[34] and Friday, 4 February.[29]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f K. M. Rakesh (2 January 2022). "Hijab-clad students denied entry to classroom in Udupi PU college". The Telegraph (India).
  2. ^ a b c Chowdhuri, Rupak De (9 February 2022). "Indian students block roads as row over hijab in schools mounts". Reuters. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  3. ^ a b ABP News Bureau (5 February 2022). "Karnataka Govt Issues Fresh Order Amid Hijab Row, Says Uniform That Affects Harmony Must Be Banned". ABP Live.
  4. ^ a b Decision on dress code in govt. PU colleges soon: CM, The Hndu, 4 February 2022.
  5. ^ Vincent D'Souza, Uniform not must, says PU dept website, contradicts Karnataka govt stand, The New Indian Express, 10 February 2022.
  6. ^ a b c "Hijab protests spread in India as girls face off against Hindu nationalist crowds". The Washington Post. 10 February 2022. ProQuest 2627270812.
  7. ^ a b "Religious identity, rights in focus as Indian schools ban hijab". Christian Science Monitor. 8 February 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d "Karnataka hijab row: Judge refers issue to larger bench". BBC News.
  9. ^ Sheikh Saaliq (8 February 2022). "In India, wearing hijab bars some Muslim students from class". Toronto Star.
  10. ^ a b c Sood, Anusha Ravi (11 February 2022). "Viral photos, bruised egos, radical student groups: Inside story of Karnataka's hijab crisis". ThePrint.
  11. ^ "Hijab wasn't an issue when uniforms were introduced in Karnataka: Former minister". Deccan Herald. 11 February 2022. Raghupathy later told The New Indian Express that the hijab issue was discussed back then and it was decided that since it is mandated by religion, students can wear it without any problem. The BJP had then extended outside support to the Janata Party, which formed the government, and had not objected to the hijab norm, Raghupathy told the publication.
  12. ^ "Udupi college hijab ban: We want our fundamental rights, say students". Indian Express. 21 January 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d Mogul, Rhea; Suri, Manveena; Gupta, Swati (10 February 2022). "Hijab protests spread as girls refuse to be told what not to wear". CNN. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  14. ^ a b Rushda Fathima Khan (9 February 2022). "'Targeted harassment': Muslim girls in India denounce hijab ban". Al Jazeera.
  15. ^ a b c K. M. Rakesh, Bar on hijab keeps eight Muslim students out of classroom in Udupi, The Telegraph (India), 19 January 2022. ProQuest 2620888304
  16. ^ K. M. Rakesh (2 January 2022). "Hijab-clad students denied entry to classroom in Udupi PU college". The Telegraph (India). On Friday, Gowda [the principal of the college] had told reporters: "Only six of some 60 Muslim girls (students) are insisting on wearing the hijab. But the college doesn't have a rule permitting that kind of religious dress."
  17. ^ "HuJi, Popular Front of India under lens for hate messages". The Times of India. 22 August 2012.
  18. ^ "In a pluralistic part of India, fears of rising Islamic extremism". The Washington Post. 5 February 2011.
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  23. ^ Wahab, Ghazala (9 February 2022). "Why the hijab row is not an identity issue". Mintlounge.
  24. ^ a b Hijab: NSUI to file writ in support of students, The Hindu, 22 January 2022. ProQuest 2621727233
  25. ^ Hansen, Thomas Blom (1999), The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India, Princeton University Press, p. 108, ISBN 1-4008-2305-6: "Today, the saffron flag and the saffron color—though used widely in religious rituals and processions— has in the political field been appropriated by the Hindu nationalist movement. During riots, the saffron flag is often employed to mark Hindu areas, and it is planted upon Muslim dargahs (tombs) and masjids (mosques) to mark Hindu superiority."
  26. ^ Nagarjun Dwarkanath, Karnataka college students wear saffron scarves protesting against hijab in classrooms, India Today, 5 January 2022. "The students of the government-run college in Balagadi village claimed that if hijab was allowed inside, then saffron scarves could be sported too. The same students had earlier asked women not to attend classes wearing hijab."
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  29. ^ a b c d "Violent clashes over hijab ban in southern India force schools to close". The Guardian. 9 February 2022.
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  32. ^ a b c Hijab row: Karnataka govt sets up expert committee, The Hindustan Times, 27 Jan 2022. ProQuest 2622813362
  33. ^ Students told to adhere to college dress code in class in Udupi, The Hindu, 1 February 2022. ProQuest 2624054931
  34. ^ Karnataka hijab row deepens as students petition court, BBC News, 4 February 2022.
  35. ^ "Follow dress code prescribed by College Development Committees, says Karnataka Government", The Hindu, 6 February 2022, ProQuest 2625655688, "Invoking 133 (2) of the Karnataka Education Act 1983, which says a uniform style of clothes has to be worn compulsorily, the private school administration can choose a uniform of their choice," the government order said.
  36. ^ "Follow dress code prescribed by College Development Committees, says Karnataka Government", The Hindu, 6 February 2022, ProQuest 2625655688
  37. ^ "Hijab row: Karnataka govt says uniforms mandatory for schools and PU colleges, issues order". The New Indian Express. 5 February 2022.
  38. ^ Karnataka hijab row: Management pushed students, refused to give answers, says student, India Today, 4 February 2022.
  39. ^ Suhasini Raj and Emily Schmall (11 February 2022). "No Hijabs for Now, Indian Court Tells Muslim Students". ProQuest 2627300106.
  40. ^ "Schools shut in Indian state as protests grow over headscarf ban". The Guardian. 8 February 2022.
  41. ^ "Hijab Row Live: Protests Intensify, Spread To Other States, Karnataka High Court Hearing Today". NDTV News.
  42. ^ a b "Hijab-saffron shawl controversy: Two arrested for carrying 'lethal weapons' as row continues in Karnataka colleges". 7 February 2022.
  43. ^ "Kundapur college students march wearing saffron shawls". The Hindu. 6 February 2022.
  44. ^ "Principal asks boys to remove saffron shawl before attending classes". The Hindu. 4 February 2022.
  45. ^ "Hijab row: Students in saffron shawls take out processions". 5 February 2022.
  46. ^ "Hijab-saffron shawl controversy continues in Karnataka colleges". Business Today. 7 February 2022.
  47. ^ "Blue shawls back Muslim girls in hijab row against saffron shawls in Chikkamagaluru college". The Hindu. 7 February 2022.
  48. ^ "For Piece Of Cloth, Ruining Education": Girl Who Took On Saffron Scarf Group, NDTV News, 9 February 2022.
  49. ^ "Hijab row: The India woman who is the face of the fight to wear headscarf". BBC. 10 February 2022.
  50. ^ "Outrage after hijab-wearing woman heckled by Hindu mob in India". Al Jazeera. 8 February 2022.
  51. ^ a b c "Muskan Khan: Celebrities lament over Muslim women being harassed in India". Daily Pakistan. 9 February 2022.
  52. ^ "Hijab ban in Indian state violates religious freedom: US official". Al-Jazeera. 12 February 2022.
  53. ^ "Hijab protests spread, Karnataka govt shuts colleges, high schools for three days". Indian Express. 9 February 2022.
  54. ^ "Hijab Row: Karnataka schools for classes 9, 10 to resume on Monday". www.en.etemaaddaily.com. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  55. ^ "Police ban protests and gatherings near educational institutions in Bengaluru". The Hindu. 9 February 2022.
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  61. ^ "Hijab ban: Karnataka HC asks students not to wear religious dress till verdict". The Indian Express. 11 February 2022.
  62. ^ a b c "Violent clashes over hijab ban in southern India force schools to close". the Guardian. 9 February 2022.
  63. ^ "Prescribed school uniforms should be followed: Maharashtra minister Aaditya Thackeray on hijab row". New Indian Express. 9 February 2022.
  64. ^ "Asaduddin Owaisi dials Mandya girl heckled for wearing hijab, praises…". archive.vn. 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  65. ^ PTI (Press Trust of India) (10 February 2022). "Hijab Row: RSS' Muslim wing distances itself from UP functionary supporting burqa-clad girl". The Print. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  66. ^ "'Hijab issue has become jihad', says Vishwa Hindu Parishad leader". The Siasat Daily. 9 February 2022.
  67. ^ a b c d e f Iram Siddique , Santosh Singh , Debraj Deb , Pallavi Smart. "Hijab row: MP talks of code on uniform, Bihar, and Tripura strike note of caution".{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  68. ^ "Hijab-Wearing Muslim Students Are Being Shut out of Schools in India". 10 February 2022.
  69. ^ "Madhya Pradesh backtracks a day later, says no proposal to ban hijab". 10 February 2022.
  70. ^ "Sonam Kapoor On Hijab Row: If Turban Can Be A Choice, Then Why Not Hijab". NDTV.com. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  71. ^ "Hijab ban violates religious freedom: U.S. on Karnataka hijab issue". The Hindu. 12 February 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  72. ^ "'Ghettoisation': Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi jumps into India's hijab row". The Economic Times. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  73. ^ "हिजाब विवाद में कूदा तालिबान: प्रदर्शन कर रहीं लड़कियों का किया समर्थन, कहा-'इस्लामिक मूल्यों के लिए ये खड़ी हैं'". Amar Ujala (in Hindi). Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  74. ^ "Hijab Ban in India Sparks Outrage, Protests". Human Rights Watch. 9 February 2022.
  75. ^ "'Horrifying': Malala Yousafzai reacts to Karnataka hijab row". India Today. 9 February 2022.
  76. ^ "Manchester United star Paul Pogba slams Hindu mob for harassing Muslim girls in hijab". Zee News. 11 February 2022.
  77. ^ APP (12 February 2022). "India has turned Muslims into a 'persecuted minority': Noam Chomsky". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  78. ^ "কর্নাটকে হিজাবে বিধিনিষেধ ধর্মীয় ও নাগরিক অধিকার হরণের শামিল : চরমোনাই পীর". Daily Naya Diganta (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 February 2022.
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