2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation

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2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation
Part of the April 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on United States university campuses and student activism at Columbia University
A scene of the reinstated campus encampment, several days after the NYPD arrested students and removed the first encampment.
DateApril 17, 2024 – present
(1 month)
Location
New York City, New York, United States
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Parties

Pro-Palestinian groups:

Casualties
Arrested113 protesters

An ongoing occupation protest by pro-Palestinian students is occurring at Columbia University in New York City. The protests began on April 17, 2024, when pro-Palestinian students established an encampment of approximately 50 tents, calling it the Gaza Solidarity Encampment,[1][2] on the university's campus, demanding the university divest from Israel. The encampment was forcibly dismantled the next day when university president Minouche Shafik authorized the New York City Police Department to storm the campus and conduct mass arrests, but it has since been rebuilt.[2][3] The arrests marked the first time Columbia allowed police to suppress campus protests since the 1968 demonstrations against the Vietnam War.[4]

The campus occupation has been organized by Columbia University Apartheid Divest (CUAD), a student-led coalition of over 120 groups,[5] together with Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) and Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP), which have often participated in New York City's pro-Palestinian demonstrations since the October 2023 start of the Israel–Hamas war.[6] One of CUAD's student spokesmen is Khymani James. Another local group, Within Our Lifetime (WOL), has been protesting outside the campus perimeter in support of the encampment, clashing with the NYPD.[7][8][9] Much smaller groups of pro-Israel counterprotesters have also been present outside the university.[4]

As a result of the protests, Columbia University switched to blended learning (incorporating more online learning) for the rest of the semester.[10] The protests encouraged other actions at multiple universities.

The protests, which have included the targeting of some Jewish students with "antisemitic vitriol", have resulted in some Jewish students fearing for their safety.[11]

Background

Israel–Hamas war demonstrations at Columbia University

A vigil for Israel at Columbia University in October 2023.
A group of pro-Palestinian protesters outside Columbia University in April 2024.
Further information: Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States and Student activism at Columbia University

Pro-Palestinian and pro-Israel students have staged demonstrations at Columbia University during the Israel–Hamas war.[12] On October 12, 2023, the university closed its campus after opposing demonstrations collided.[13] In November 2023, the administration suspended Students for Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voice for Peace after they held an unauthorized student walkout, furthering conflicts between faculty and administration; the university claimed that one person at the event shouted anti-Semitic epithets.[14] That same month, students walked out of a class taught by Hillary Clinton in support of Palestine after she made remarks opposing a ceasefire.[15]

In January 2024, students at a pro-Palestinian demonstration on campus were sprayed with a chemical that they alleged to be Skunk, a foul-smelling spray usually used as crowd control by the Israel Defense Forces, causing various injuries.[16][17][18] In response, demonstrators organized a protest outside the university.[19] The New York City Police Department announced that it would investigate the event as a potential hate crime.[20] SJP and JVP published a report stating that the perpetrators were former IDF soldiers and current Columbia students.[16] In April, one of the perpetrators, who had been suspended the previous month, sued the university under the pseudonym John Doe, claiming that he had actually sprayed non-toxic "gag gift" fart sprays he had purchased from Amazon, adding that he was doxxed in retaliation by pro-Palestine students.[21]

The encampment

At the entrance to the encampment on Columbia's east lawn is posted "Gaza Solidarity Encampment Community Guidelines". Some of these guidelines are to not take pictures of people without their permission, not to use drugs or alcohol in the encampment, and not to engage with counter-protesters. Speaking to the press is allowed only between 2 and 4 pm. Other signs on the perimeter say "Demilitarize education" and "Globalize the Intifada". Students created their own chants and passed out flyers that read "Do you feel safe sending your child to a school which gives up its students to the police?"[22] There is a buffet-style meal service with abundant food.[23]

Timeline

April 17

On April 17, beginning around 4 AM,[24] about 70 protesters sat in tents bearing the Palestinian flag on the East Butler Lawn.[25] Protesters put up banners reading "Gaza Solidarity Encampment" and "Liberated Zone".[2] A substantial NYPD presence was noted outside the university as soon as the encampment had been established.[9] Activity in the encampment included a teach-in and film screening.[2]

That morning, at about 10 AM, Columbia University president Minouche Shafik testified before the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, an event that had been planned weeks before.[26] She had previously been invited to attend the November 2023 United States Congress hearing on antisemitism but had declined, citing a scheduling conflict.

April 18

NYPD during their arrests of aproximately 100 students who remained inside the original East Lawn encampment. A crowd of protesters and bystanding students surrounds them.
NYPD cleaning the original encampment on the East Lawn, shortly after the arrests.

The next day, the Shafik-authorized[27] New York City Police Department Strategic Response Group[28] entered the encampment to arrest protesters[29] as Columbia University employees cleared the tents.[30] CUAD (Columbia University Apartheid Divest) said the university had dumped students' confiscated belongings in a nearby alley.[24] Three students were suspended, including Isra Hirsi, the daughter of U.S. Representative Ilhan Omar.[31] After the NYPD appeared, a group of pro-Israel counter-protesters congregated to celebrate the university's response, waving American and Israeli flags.[32] A protest on 114th Street and Amsterdam Avenue formed, but dispersed to allow buses with detained protesters to exit.[33]

Pro-Palestinian student protesters gathered on the opposite West lawn, the evening after the arrests.

Despite the dismantlement of the encampment, it was soon reported that protesters had moved to an adjacent lawn on campus, the West Lawn of the Butler Lawns,[34] where they hoisted their banners and pitched several tents.[2][35] Public intellectual and independent presidential candidate Cornel West appeared to show solidarity.[36] A group protested outside the university's main entrance on 116th Street.[37] Protesters on 116th Street and Broadway moved toward 120th Street after a man was taken into custody.[38]

All of the protesters the NYPD arrested were released by late evening.[22]

April 19

Sit-in through the second day after arrests, with the East side of the lawn getting barricaded, to prevent reestablishment of the original encampment.

Protesters remained camped out on campus; SJP chapters at the University of North Carolina, Boston University, and Ohio State University, as well as the Harvard College Palestine Solidarity Committee at Harvard University, announced rallies in solidarity with the Columbia protesters.[39] Norman Finkelstein, an anti-Zionist political scientist and activist, appeared and gave a speech to protesters.[22] A Muslim jummah prayer service and a Jewish Kabbalat Shabbat prayer service were held at the encampment in the afternoon and evening, respectively.[22]

April 20

The university informed the released student protesters arrested on April 18 that they were indefinitely suspended.[40]

During the weekend, public safety officers from the administration told WKCR-FM, which had been broadcasting information about the protest, to vacate its office due to an unspecified danger. Staff refused, saying they had a responsibility to broadcast information 24/7.[41][42] WKCR later said it was a misunderstanding.[41]

Protestors targeted some Jewish students with "antisemitic vitriol", leaving some Jewish students "fearful for their safety on the campus and its vicinity".[11]

April 21

New tents added after the reinstatement of the encampment.

Elie Buechler, a rabbi associated with Columbia University’s Orthodox Union Jewish Learning Initiative on Campus, recommended that Jewish students "return home as soon as possible and remain home", arguing that the ongoing campus occupation had "made it clear that Columbia University’s Public Safety and the NYPD cannot guarantee Jewish students’ safety".[43][44] Footage of protests over the weekend showed some protesters using antisemitic language against Jewish students, and many Jewish students said they felt unsafe.[45]

April 22

The second encampment grows into over 60 tents, with barricades isolating it from pedestrians walking through the university's lawn.

Hundreds of Columbia faculty members walked out of classes to protest the university's response to the protest.[46] Because of the protest, the university canceled classes on April 22,[47][48] and then said it would switch to blended learning for the remainder of the semester.[10] The Columbia Elections Board announced that a referendum on divestment from Israel, originally proposed by CUAD on March 3, 2024, had passed by a large margin, showing that Columbia's student body mostly supported the initiative.[49][50] In the evening, the students celebrated a Seder on the first evening of Passover.[51][52]

April 23

Signs at the second encampment, including one stating: "Welcome to the People's University for Palestine".

A student organizer revealed that protesters were in negotiations with the university through a legal negotiator, but declined to share details. Ben Chang, Columbia's spokesperson, said that organizers had met with university officials in the early morning to discuss the situation.[53]

Shafik issued a midnight deadline for protesters to either agree to vacate campus or face the university's consideration of "alternative options for clearing the West Lawn and restoring calm to campus".[54] Jewish pro-Palestinian students held Passover Seder within the encampment.[51][55]

April 24

Shortly after midnight, SJP reported that protesters had suspended negotiations because the university had threatened to call in the New York Army National Guard to clear them out, saying they would not return to the negotiating table until Columbia rescinded its threat. But the university said that "important progress" had been made in negotiations and that Shafik's original deadline would be extended by 48 hours, that the students had agreed to reduce the number of tents, and that they would ensure that protesters not affiliated with Columbia would leave campus. Protesters were seen taking down and moving some tents.[56][57] Meanwhile, the NYPD dispersed about 100 protesters outside campus.[57]

That afternoon, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Mike Johnson gave a speech in front of Low Library condemning the protesters and calling for Shafik to resign. Some in attendance loudly booed him.[58] During his speech, Johnson said that during the October 7 attack, "infants were cooked in ovens",[59] an unsubstantiated claim.[60] Later, he called on President Joe Biden to deploy the National Guard to quell the protests;[61] White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre replied that such deployment is up to the state governor, not the president.[62]

April 25

Palestine Legal filed a Title VI suit with regard to suspended students.[63] The Columbia Board of Trustees issued statements in affirmation of Shafik.[64] The Columbia student senate held an emergency meeting with Shafik to consider censuring her.[65]

April 26

A United for Israel counter-march, organized by StandWithUs and some right-wing organizations, was held around Columbia and stopped at the gates.[66] Some marchers harassed pro-Palestinian counter-protestors and targeted some counter-protestors inside the gates.[66] U.S. Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Jamaal Bowman visited the encampment.[67] Columbia library workers issued a statement condemning Shafik for deploying police and private security against the protesters.[68] More than 1,000 pro-Israel protesters organized by the "New York Hostage and Missing Families Forum" rallied at 116th and Broadway.[69] The University Senate announced plans to call for a censure vote against Shafik but decided instead to vote on a resolution expressing displeasure with her out of fear of ousting the president in a time of crisis.[70]

A Columbia student who had emerged as a leader of the protest movement was barred after a video from January surfaced in which they said, "Zionists don’t deserve to live". Other protest groups condemned the comment. The New York Times said the student's comments raised the question, "How much of the movement in support of the Palestinian people in Gaza is tainted by antisemitism?"[71][72]

April 27

In response to the suspension of at least 55 Barnard students, the Barnard College chapter of the American Association of University Professors unanimously issued a vote of "no confidence" in Barnard College President Laura Rosenbury, by a vote of 102 to 0.[73][74]

Other protests

Main article: April 2024 Israel–Hamas war protests on university campuses in the United States
"Gaza Solidarity Encampment" in the University of Sydney, Australia

In solidarity with Columbia's protest, students at other U.S. universities have been setting up similar encampments. As of April 25, protest camps had been set up at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Tufts University, Emerson College, University of Michigan, New York University, and Yale University.[75][76] Students at Cal Poly Humboldt occupied an administration building in solidarity.[77][78] A "solidarity walkout" occurred at Stanford University.[79] Nine were arrested at the University of Minnesota and an encampment was cleared.[80] Texas Governor Greg Abbott sent state troopers to arrest protesters at the University of Austin.[81]

Encampments were set up at Harvard University and Brown University.[82] Police used teargas during arrests at Emory University.[83]

Internationally, similar demonstrations were held at the University of Sydney, Sydney Tech,[84] and the University of Melbourne in Australia; at University College London (UCL) and the University of Warwick in England;[85] and at Sciences Po in Paris.[86]

Responses

Representative Jerrold Nadler, a Columbia alumnus and the House of Representatives' longest-serving Jewish member, wrote that "Columbia has an obligation to protect students and their learning environment".[87]

New York City mayor Eric Adams said, "Students have a right to free speech but do not have a right to violate university policies and disrupt learning on campus".[88]

President Joe Biden referenced the protests in his statement on Passover: "harassment and calls for violence against Jews ... has absolutely no place on college campuses". A separate White House statement condemned "physical intimidation targeting Jewish students and the Jewish community" on Columbia's campus.[89]

Columbia University alum and former trustee Robert Kraft, who founded Columbia's Kraft Center for Jewish Student Life, wrote on Instagram: "I am no longer confident that Columbia can protect its students and staff and I am not comfortable supporting the university until corrective action is taken."[90]

The union representing Columbia student workers released a statement calling for "the immediate reinstatement of all student and student workers disciplined for pro-Palestine protests and the end to the repression of protest on Columbia's campus".[91]

Ocasio-Cortez wrote on X: "Calling in police enforcement on non-violent demonstrations of young students on campus is an escalatory, reckless, and dangerous act. It represents a heinous failure of leadership that puts people’s lives at risk. I condemn it in the strongest possible terms."[92]

At Columbia

Biden's statements, along with other responses prominent figures made alleging the protests are antisemitic, have been criticized by students at Columbia, including by Jewish students and activists. An editor of the Columbia Daily Spectator, Milène Klein, called their statements alarmist and a deliberate conflation of anti-Zionism with antisemitism.[93] The Columbia Faculty of Arts and Sciences policy and planning committee condemned outside media coverage of the protest as "sensationalistic" and said it was "distressed by reports that conflate on-campus protests with the actions of bad actors from outside of our community", while condemning all forms of discrimination.[94]

Columbia Law School professors condemned the mass arrests as well as the suspensions of students in a letter[95] to the university's leadership, calling the actions taken by Columbia's administration "concerning" and saying they "lack transparency."[96]

Columbia's campus radio station WKCR-FM suspended its usual programming to cover the demonstrations.[42]

Allegations of antisemitism

Multiple sources have quoted Jewish students as having felt unsafe or targeted as a result of the protests.[11][43] Criticism increased when a recording of one organizer, Khymani James, was released where he stated "Zionists don't deserve to live."[71]

Some Jewish protestors within the group have pushed back on assertions that the protest was unsafe for Jewish students,[51] and some counter-protestors have actively demeaned pro-Palestinian Jewish protestors as "fake Jews" or "kapos".[66]

See also

References

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External links

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