Carlingford Lough

Carlingford Lough
Location	Republic of Ireland – United Kingdom border
Type	Inlet
Primary inflows	Newry River, Newry Canal
Basin countries	Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland
Settlements	Carlingford, Greencastle, Greenore, Killowen, Newry, Omeath, Rostrevor, Warrenpoint

Carlingford Lough (Irish: Loch Cairlinn) is a glacial fjord or sea inlet that forms part of the International border between Northern Ireland to the north and the Republic of Ireland to the south. At its extreme interior angle (the northwest corner) it is fed by the Newry River and the Newry Canal.

Geography

The Newry River and the Newry Canal link the Lough to the nearby city of Newry (the Canal continues on towards the River Bann and Lough Neagh; the river, under the name River Clanrye, loops around County Down). The only other known glacial fjords in Ireland are Lough Swilly and Killary Harbour.

On the northern side, in County Down, are the coastal towns of Warrenpoint and Rostrevor, backed by the Mourne Mountains. On the southern coast are Omeath, Carlingford and Greenore backed by the Cooley Mountains, all on the Cooley Peninsula in County Louth.

History

In 851 A.D. it was the site of a major two-day naval battle between a pair of Viking fleets. Norwegian Vikings (known as "white foreigners" by the Irish) had established control over most of the Irish clans in eastern Ireland when Danish Vikings (known as "black foreigners" by the Irish) arrived on a raiding expedition in 851 A.D. The two day battle ended with the Danes victorious after some of their Irish allies advised them to seek the intercession of St. Patrick. The Danes did not establish control as the Norwegians had, but proceeded to sack numerous Irish monasteries while dedicating 10% of the booty to the Irish "god", Patrick.

On 3 November 1916 two steamers, the SS Connemara and the SS Retriever, collided and sank in the loch with the loss of ninety-four lives. In the late 1980s Charles Haughey, the then Irish Taoiseach sailed his yacht into Carlingford Lough and raised an Irish Tri Colour. As Carlingford Lough is half in the U.K., the Royal Navy thought he was in the U.K. and believed he was a Republican, and grew suspicious. They pursued him. As they left dock, the Taoiseach realised what was happening. He called in the re-enforcements of Irish Navy ship LÉ Eithne, which was close by. Eithne sailed to the mouth of the Lough and stopped, effectively barricading the Royal Navy gunboat in.

Tourism

Carlingford Lough is a popular venue for sea angling and yachting. Lough cruises are now a regular feature during the summer months.

Flora and fauna

The northern shores have extensive mudflats and salt marshes which provide winter feeding areas for the Pale-bellied Brent Goose, Branta bernicla hrota. At the mouth of the lough are several small rock and shingle islands which are breeding areas for terns that feed in its shallow waters.

Ramsar site

The mouth of Carlingford Lough from Knockree.

The Carlingford Lough Ramsar site (wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention), is 830.51 hectares in area, at Latitude 54 03 00 N and Longitude 06 07 00 W. It was designated a Ramsar site on 9 March 1998. It is a cross-border site. The northern shore is in Northern Ireland and includes the most significant mudflats in the lough, and an area of salt marsh. The southern shore is in the republic of Ireland. At the mouth of the lough are several small rock and shingle islands which are of importance to terns. The Ramsar Site lies between Killowen Point and Soldiers Point on the northern shores of Carlingford Lough and the landward boundary coincides entirely with that of the Carlingford Lough Area of Special Scientific Interest and the Carlingford Lough Special Protection Area.

The site qualified under Criterion 2 of the Ramsar Convention because it supports important groups of vulnerable and endangered Irish Red Data Book bird species. It supports nationally important breeding populations of Common Tern. Roseate Terns returned to the site after an absence of six years with two breeding pairs recorded in 1997. It has also supported nationally important numbers of Arctic Tern. It also qualified under Criterion 3c for supporting internationally important breeding populations of Sandwich Tern and of overwintering Light-bellied Brent Geese.

See also

• List of loughs in Ireland

External links

• Official Carlingford Online website
• Links to Omeath and Carlingford area road map on Omeath Online
• Information about the Connemara-Retriever disaster @ the BBC
• Landscapes Unlocked - Aerial footage from the BBC Sky High series explaining the physical, social and economic geography of Northern Ireland