Torture in Ukraine
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Torture in Ukraine involves documented and alleged cases of torture committed by members of the Ukrainian government, the military, law enforcement agencies, the Security Service of Ukraine, and Ukrainian volunteer paramilitary units.
Overview
Amnesty International reported that the "climate of torture in the Ukrainian prisons" is "fostered by impunity of security officers who use the torture to extract confessions, completely ignoring presumption of innocence".[1]
Ukraine signed the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture on 2 May 1996 and ratified it on 5 May 1997. The convention came into effect on 1 September 1997.
On many occasions, the European Committee was not provided with the required documents and its recommendations were not implemented by the Ukrainian government. At the same time, there were multiple concerns and allegations of ill-treatment of detainees by Ukrainian law enforcement agencies.[2] Some experts emphasize that conditions in the Ukrainian police custody haven’t show any visible improvements since the collapse of the Soviet Union.[3] Currently, Belarus and Ukraine are the only European nations that have not implemented the independent torture prevention system OPCAT (Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture).[3]
Practices of torture
Regarding torture, British expert Taras Kuzio pointed out that the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs won a notorious reputation, worst of any other security force in Ukraine. Mistreatment of citizens, their torture, and abuses of rights are common. Little has changed since the Soviet times in the methods of policing.[4] In April 2010, the Council of Europe reviewed around 6,000 complaints about torture, of which the Ukrainian law enforcement agencies only examined 200 cases, and all these decisions were biased in favor of torturers. As a result, the Council of Europe condemned the lack of investigations related to police torture in Ukraine stating, "Few police officers are ever called to account for their unlawful behavior; even fewer are ever convicted."[1]
In 2017, Amnesty International reported that during the War in Donbass there was overwhelming evidence of ongoing war crimes, including torture and mass murders of prisoners.[5] In Eastern Ukraine, Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) operates special hidden prisons for alleged Donbass rebels where unacknowledged detention is accompanied by widespread torture and different kinds of human rights abuses. The Ukrainian government tried to deny the existence of the blacksites, but it was confirmed by multiple reports of the UN monitoring mission in Ukraine, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.[6][7][8] Dutch journalist Chris Kaspar de Ploeg in his book "Ukraine in the Crossfire[9]" said about the prisons that their "practices happen completely in the dark" emphasizing that the supporting evidence about the facilities has been documented independently by the UN, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.[10] In 2018 Amnesty International concluded that "The investigation into the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) for its alleged secret prisons failed to make any progress. Law enforcement officials continued to use torture and other ill-treatment".[11]
Ukrainian volunteer battalion "Tornado" became another infamous example of a mass torture and sadistic practices used by Ukrainian paramilitary forces. According to Der Spiegel the prisoners captured by "Tornado" were held in basements, stripped naked, placed on a concrete wall, doused with water and tortured by applying electricity to their testicles, genitals and other body parts. Also some prisoners were forced to rape each other under threat of death.[12] According to what has been videotaped by the officers of the "Tornado," there were a local civilians among their victims, including women.[13] The investigation revealed that the commander of "Tornado" had several prior criminal convictions, but for his political supporters it wasn't a reason to worry.[12] The absence of war crimes charges (including rape, murder, cruel treatment, and sexual violence) remains as another unexplained question. The similar pattern has been documented in other investigated cases of Ukrainian atrocities.[14]
It is highly likely that the volunteer battalions are responsible for the most of the war crimes committed by the Ukrainian forces. The personnel of the units dominated by neonazis was reported by international and local organizations in connection with abductions, ill-treatment, unlawful detentions, property thefts and other kinds of offenses.[15][unreliable source] Despite of the exceptionally serious nature of the crime activities, Ukrainian civil society prefers to ignore them in public discussions. In the connection to the settled tendency, Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union asserts that torture is strictly prohibited by international humanitarian law and no circumstances may be used to justify it.[16]
See also
- Izolyatsia prison
- Oleg Sentsov
- Reşat Amet
- Stanislav Aseyev
- Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan
- Volodymyr Rybak
- War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Notes
- ^ a b Kuzio 2015, p. 483, Military and Security Policy.
- ^ Bicknell, Evans, Morgan 2018, p. 290-291, Ukraine.
- ^ a b Kuzio 2015, p. 482, Military and Security Policy.
- ^ Kuzio 2015, p. 481, Military and Security Policy.
- ^ Breaking Bodies: Torture and Summary Killings in Eastern Ukraine Amnesty International, 2017
- ^ "You Don't Exist" Arbitrary Detentions, Enforced Disappearances, and Torture in Eastern Ukraine Amnesty International
- ^ https://www.voanews.com/a/watchdogs-civilians-detained-tortured-in-ukraine/3428561.html Watchdogs: Civilians Detained, Tortured in Eastern Ukraine
- ^ Kiev allows torture and runs secret jails, says UN The Times
- ^ Ploeg, Chris Kaspar de (April 5, 2017). Ukraine in the Crossfire. SCB Distributors. ISBN 9780997896541 – via Google Books.
- ^ de Ploeg 2017, p. 139, The Ravages of War.
- ^ Ukraine 2017/2018 Amnesty International, 2018
- ^ a b de Ploeg 2017, p. 138-139, The Ravages of War.
- ^ Global Rights Compliance 2016, p. 57, An occasional prosecution of conduct amounting to IHL violations and other serious violations of international law as domestic crimes.
- ^ Global Rights Compliance 2016, p. 57-58, An occasional prosecution of conduct amounting to IHL violations and other serious violations of international law as domestic crimes.
- ^ Hahn 2018, p. 281, "Revolution of Dignity" or Revolution in Vain.
- ^ Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union 2017, p. 5-6, Summary.
References
- Bicknell, Christine; Evans, Malcolm; Morgan, Rod (2018). Preventing torture in Europe. Council of Europe. ISBN 978-92-871-8748-2.
- Hahn, Gordon (2018). Ukraine Over the Edge: Russia, the West and the "New Cold War". London: Sharpe Reference. ISBN 978-1-4766-2875-2.
- Kuzio, Taras (2015). Ukraine: Democratization, Corruption, and the New Russian Imperialism. Praeger, ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-3502-5.
- de Ploeg, Chris (2017). Ukraine in the Crossfire. Atlanta: Clarity Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-9978965-4-1.
- Skutsch, Carl; Lewis, James (2001). The Human Rights Encyclopedia. London: Sharpe Reference. ISBN 0-7656-8023-8.
- The Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law in Ukraine (PDF). Kyiv: Global Rights Compliance LLP. 2016.
- Unlawful detentions and torture committed by Ukrainian side in the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine (PDF). Kyiv: Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union. 2017. ISBN 978-966-97584-4-6.
External links
- "Ukraine: Executions, Torture During Russian Occupation", Human Rights Watch.