1936 in science
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The year 1936 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
- February 4 - Radium E. becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.
- December 23 - The first nerve agent, Tabun, is discovered (accidentally) by a research team headed by Dr Gerhard Schrader of IG Farben in Germany.[1][2]
Computer science
- May 28 - Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers" for publication, introducing the concept of the theoretical "a[utomatic]-machine" or Turing machine.
Earth sciences
- Inge Lehmann argues that the Earth's molten interior has a solid inner core.[3][4]
Medicine
- António Egas Moniz publishes his first report of performing a prefrontal leukotomy on a human patient.[5]
- Guido Fanconi describes a connection between celiac disease, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and bronchiectasis.[6]
Psychology
- Sherif's experiment on conformity.[7]
Technology
- June 26 - Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first fully controllable helicopter, makes its first flight.
- November 2 - The world's first regular daily high-definition (at this time defined as at least 200 lines) television broadcast service is begun by the British Broadcasting Corporation from Alexandra Palace in London (following test transmissions since August). The service initially alternates on a weekly basis between John Logie Baird's 240-line electromechanical system and the Marconi-EMI all-electronic 405-line television system.
Zoology
- September 7 - Death of the last recorded thylacine, in Hobart Zoo.[8]
- American explorer Ruth Harkness brings the first live giant panda, a cub named Su Lin, out of China.[9]
Awards
- Fields Prize in Mathematics (first award): Lars Ahlfors and Jesse Douglas
- Nobel Prizes
Births
- Meemann Chang, Chinese paleontologist
- January 10 - Robert Wilson, American physicist and radio astronomer.
- March 24 - David Suzuki, Canadian geneticist and populariser of science.
- August 1 - W. D. Hamilton (died 2000), English evolutionary biologist, widely recognised as one of the greatest evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.
- September 17 - Gerald Guralnik, American physicist most famous for his co-discovery of the Higgs mechanism and Higgs boson.
- December 22 - James Burke, British historian and populariser of science.
Deaths
- February 27 - Ivan Pavlov (born 1849), Russian physiologist.
- April 8 - Robert Bárány (born 1876), Nobel Prize winner in medicine.
- April 27 - Karl Pearson (born 1857), English mathematician.
References
- ^ "A Short History of the Development of Nerve Gases". Noblis.org. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
- ^ "Nerve Agent: GA". Cbwinfo.com. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
- ^ Lehmann, Inge (1936). "P'". Publications du Bureau Central Séismologique International. A14 (3): S.87–115.
- ^ Bolt, Bruce A. (1987). "50 years of studies on the inner core". Eos. 68 (6): 73, 80–81.
- ^ "Biography". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
- ^ Fanconi, G.; Uehlinger, E.; Knauer, C. (1936). "Das coeliakiesyndrom bei angeborener zysticher pankreasfibromatose und bronchiektasien". Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift. 86: 753–756.
- ^ Hogg, Michael A.; Vaughan, Graham M. (2005). Social Psychology (4th ed.). Harlow: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0273686992.
- ^ Paddle, Robert (2000). The Last Tasmanian Tiger: the History and Extinction of the Thylacine. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53154-3.
- ^ Watson, D. A. "The Panda Lady: Ruth Harkness (Part 1)". Female explorers. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-01.