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Apple QuickTake

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QuickTake

Top: QuickTake 100 (150 similar in appearance)
Bottom: QuickTake 200
Overview
MakerApple Computer (branding)
Chinon and Fujifilm (OEM)
Typepoint-and-shoot digital
Production1994–97
Sensor/medium
Maximum resolution640×480

The Apple QuickTake (codenamed Venus, Mars, Neptune) is one of the first consumer digital camera lines.[1] It was launched in 1994 by Apple Computer and was marketed for three years before being discontinued in 1997. Three models of the product were built including the 100 and 150, both built by Chinon; and the 200, built by Fujifilm. The QuickTake cameras had a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels maximum (0.3 Mpx).

Time magazine profiled QuickTake as "the first consumer digital camera" and ranked it among its "100 greatest and most influential gadgets from 1923 to the present" list.[2] Although the greyscale Dycam Model 1 (also marketed as the Logitech FotoMan) was the first consumer digital camera to be sold in the US (starting in November 1990)[3][4] and at least one other camera, the Fuji DS-X, was sold in Japan even earlier, in late 1989,[5] the QuickTake was probably the first digicam to have wide consumer acceptance.[clarification needed]

History

Kodak had been developing CCD-based digital cameras since the mid-1970s, when Steve Sasson built a toaster-sized experimental model that recorded data to a cassette tape; the first digital photograph was captured at a resolution of 100 pixels square in December 1975.[6] However, the first electronic still cameras to be marketed were shown early as 1981, when Sony demonstrated the prototype Pro Mavica. These early filmless cameras recorded still video frames instead of creating digital files; the Pro Mavica recorded its still frames on a proprietary floppy disk.[6] By the late 1980s, the technologies were beginning to converge and mature; Fujifilm showed the DS-1P, a still video camera that stored its images in solid-state memory instead of a floppy, at Photokina 1988 and developed the technologies into the Fuji DS-X, which was first sold in 1989.[5] Kodak introduced a prototype of its DCS 100, a digital SLR based on the Nikon F3 in 1986 and began commercial sales to news photographers in 1991; the DCS 100 used a CCD sensor and stored its images on a tethered hard drive.[7]

The Dycam Model 1 was launched in 1991, capturing greyscale images into internal memory;[8] CNN noted the Dycam's possibilities in a 1992 segment, touting its advantages over conventional film-based cameras.[9] In 1992, Apple Computer started marketing plans for a digital camera codenamed Venus. At the time over $12 billion was spent annually in the United States on photography. Apple searched for a company to design and manufacture their QuickTake digital camera line. During this time, Apple entered into a set of non-disclosure agreements with Kodak to share its proprietary digital camera architecture and cooperate in its further development;[10] Kodak contributed the CCD sensor to the final design. Later, Chinon was added as the manufacturing/assembly partner, also responsible for the design of the optics and basic electronics.[11][12] By October 1993, rumors of Venus and its capabilities had publicly tied Kodak, Apple, and Chinon together; the cost was anticipated to be relatively low compared to existing digital cameras.[13]

QuickTake 100

Viewfinder and LCD information panel on the rear side of the QuickTake 100/150; clockwise from top left, the buttons control flash mode, resolution, self-timer, and internal memory (recessed to prevent accidental deletion).

The QuickTake 100 was first shown at Tokyo MacWorld on February 17, 1994,[13] exhibited for the first time in America at the Photo Marketing Association trade show,[14] and released for sale on June 20 of that year.[6] The initial list price was US$749 (equivalent to $1,540 in 2023).[15] It was one of the first digital cameras marketed to consumers, emphasizing ease of use.[16] It received a Product Design Award in 1995,[17] and early reviews were enthusiastic about the industrial design and ease of use.[18] Two separate models (for Macintosh or Windows) were sold; the bundled software and serial cable were specific to the host computer's operating system, but the camera hardware itself was identical.[16] The Windows version of the QuickTake 100 was released by December 1994.[19] The CCD sensor was claimed to be derived from the sensor fitted to the Kodak DCS 100.[14]

The camera had a built-in flash, but no focus or zoom controls, as the fixed-focal length lens had an equivalent angle of view as a standard 50mm lens for a 35mm film camera; the fixed-focus lens captured a range from 4 feet (1.2 m) to infinity;[14] autoexposure was set by the camera, which controlled both shutter speeds (ranging from 1⁄30 to 1⁄175) and aperture (from f/2.8 to f/16) using a film speed equivalent to ISO 85.[16][20] The flash has a maximum range of 9 feet (2.7 m).[20]

The QuickTake 100 was capable of storing eight photos at 640×480 resolution, 32 photos at 320×240 resolution, or a mixture of both sizes. All photos were stored at 24-bit color. There was no way to preview them on the camera, nor was there any way to delete individual photos from the camera (though there was a recessed 'trash' button which would delete the entire contents of the camera). The bundled Apple QuickTake software was used to retrieve photographs from the camera's internal memory, providing basic editing tools (rotating, resizing, and cropping) and allowing the user to select a file format and color bit depth for export.[16]

Quicktake 100 Plus

Apple Quicktake 100 Plus Label

Apple offered a factory upgrade to the QuickTake 100 changing the name to the QuickTake 100 Plus, which included all the functionality of the QuickTake 150.[21]

QuickTake 150

QuickTake 150 kit with case, cable, booster pack, and close-up lens accessories

Apple improved the file compression technology and released the QuickTake 150 in April 1995, replacing the 100.[22] The 150 uses the same hardware as the 100,[23] and the improved compression enabled the QuickTake 150 to capture 16 best-quality or 32 standard-quality images, with either quality level now stored at the full resolution of 640×480 in the 1MB of built-in storage.[24][25]

At the same time, Kodak introduced its DC40, which used a similar design and hardware as the QuickTake 150, but captured images at an increased resolution to a larger internal storage.[11] The QuickTake 150 sensor was the same as used in the DC40, but masked to a lower resolution; the DC40 used the entire sensor instead.[20]

The QuickTake 150 kit also included PhotoFlash software (for Macintosh) or PhotoNow! (for Windows)[26] and a separate close-up lens that changed the focus range to 10 to 14 inches (25 to 36 cm) and diffused the flash appropriately.[25][20] Apple also offered several different accessories for the QuickTake 150, including a travel case, AC adapter, battery booster pack (using 8×AA batteries), and a connection kit for Microsoft Windows.[25]

QuickTake 200

Back of a QuickTake 200

The last QuickTake model was the Fujifilm-built QuickTake 200, released in 1996. The QuickTake 200 was a still video camera which captured images at 640×480 resolution. It was bundled with a 2MB SmartMedia flashRAM card (SSFDC), and an Apple-branded 4MB card was available as a separate accessory purchase; using the 2MB card, up to 20 (high-quality) or 40 (standard-quality) images could be captured.[27]

Compared to the prior Kodak/Chinon-based models, the most noticeable change for the QuickTake 200 was an 1.8 in (46 mm) color LCD screen on the rear panel to preview stored photographs. The screen updated with a refresh rate of 30 Hz. In addition, the 200 added focus and aperture controls; apertures were now user-selectable, and although the lens was still a fixed-focus lens, three separate focus modes could be selected: close-up, 3.5 to 5 in (8.9 to 12.7 cm); portrait, 17 to 35 in (43 to 89 cm); and standard, 3 ft (0.91 m) to infinity.[27]

Discontinuation and legacy

Although the QuickTake models sold well in the education and small business markets,[24] other companies such as Kodak, Fujifilm, Canon, and Nikon shortly thereafter entered the digital market with brands that consumers associated with photography.[28] The QuickTake line was discontinued in 1997 shortly after Steve Jobs came back to Apple. In an attempt to streamline Apple's operations, Jobs discontinued many non-computer products, including the Newton line of products, the LaserWriter printer line, and the QuickTake cameras. The Apple QuickTake camera has since become a collector's item for Apple enthusiasts.[29]

The QuickTake name was later reused by Apple in iPhones released since 2018 as a feature in its camera app that allows videos to be recorded without switching out of still camera mode.[30][31]

Specifications

Model 100 150[25] 200[27]
Image
Image file Color depth 24-bit
Resolution 640×480 pixels
Format QuickTake, PICT QuickTake, BMP, JPEG, PCX, TIFF[note 1]
Optics Focal length 8 mm 5.7 mm
35 mm equivalent 50 mm 38 mm
Aperture f/2.8 to f/16 f/2.2 to f/8
(user-selectable)
Camera features Viewfinder Optical with brightlines LCD; optional clip-on optical included
Shutter speed 1⁄30 to 1⁄175 second 1⁄4 to 1⁄5000 second
Storage 1 MB Flash EPROM 2 or 4 MB 5 V SmartMedia card
Connection GeoPort, RS-232C GeoPort, RS-422, RS-232C RS-232C, NTSC Video I/O
Battery 3AA 4AA
Marketing Introduced February 16, 1994 May 1995 February 17, 1997
Discontinued ? 1997
Introductory price US$749 US$700 US$600
  1. ^ The QuickTake 150 can only save to the QuickTake file format on the camera. When connected to a computer, however, files from the QuickTake camera can be converted to BMP, JPEG, PCX and TIFF.

Using QuickTake

Image taken with the QuickTake 150

The QuickTake 200 can be used with card-readers that can read 5V media cards. For users with an Apple Macintosh running System 7 up to Mac OS 9 with a serial port, the QuickTake 200 can be plugged directly into the computer using the Apple QuickTake camera software. The QuickTake 100 and 150 store images internally, not on cards, so they must be used with an Apple serial cable and the QuickTake driver software.

The 200 model is only officially compatible with the Apple Macintosh for direct connections, while the 100 and 150 model are compatible with both the Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows.[32] Because the QuickTake 200 is almost identical to the Fuji DS-7 or to Samsung's Kenox SSC-350N, Fuji's software for that camera can be used to gain Windows compatibility for the QuickTake 200. Some other software replacements also exist as well as using an external reader for the removable media of the QuickTake 200.

QuickTake cameras cannot be directly connected to Macintoshes running Mac OS X as these machines do not support the old Apple Serial protocol, but image files in the QTK format can still be decoded on modern operating systems using the open source program dcraw or the OS X application GraphicConverter.

References

  1. ^ Kaplan, Jeremy (July 26, 2008). "21 Great Technologies that Failed". PC Magazine Online Features. PC Magazine. Archived from the original on July 27, 2008. Retrieved July 27, 2008.
  2. ^ "All-Time 100 Gadgets". Time. October 25, 2010. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
  3. ^ "Dycam Model 1 / Logitech FotoMan". Archived from the original on December 24, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
  4. ^ "Logitech FotoMan digital camera". Science Museum Group Collection. Science Museum Group. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020. Creator: Logitech; Dycam Inc. Date: 1990. Description: Logitech FotoMan digital camera, made by Logitech in Switzerland, 1990. The FotoMan was the first digital camera to go on sale.
  5. ^ a b "Innovation: FUJIX DS-1P: the world's first digital camera | Fujifilm Global". www.fujifilm.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c Wolpin, Stewart (June 21, 2014). "20 Years Ago, Apple and Kodak Luanched the Digital Camera Revolution". Mashable. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  7. ^ McGarvey, Jim (June 2004). "The DCS Story: 17 years of Kodak Professional digital camera systems, 1987–2004" (PDF). NikonWeb. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  8. ^ Atherton, Nigel (April 13, 2013). "16 digital cameras that changed the world". what Digital Camera. Archived from the original on September 4, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  9. ^ Future Watch 1-11-92 (Dycam Model 1/Logitech Fotoman) on YouTube
  10. ^ "In re: Eastman Kodak Company, et al. - Chapter 11 Case No. 12-10202 (ALG)" (PDF). United States Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York. January 19, 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  11. ^ a b Grotta, Daniel; Grotta, Sally Wiener (June 13, 1995). "Kodak DC-40 The Ultimate in PC Instant Photography". PC Mag. pp. 37, 39. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  12. ^ Dilger, Daniel Eran (January 20, 2012). "Apple clais ownership of digital photography patents asserted by Kodak". Apple Insider. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  13. ^ a b Henshall, John (March 1994). "Apple QuickTake 100: Apple's first digital camera - a 'serial killer'". Digital Imaging Plus. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  14. ^ a b c White, Larry (June 1994). "Frontiers: Input". Popular Photography. p. 18. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  15. ^ Kantra, Suzanne (December 1994). "Newsfront: Computers & Software | Hands On: Digital Cameras". Popular Science. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  16. ^ a b c d Santalesa, Rich (April 12, 1994). "Forget Film! Apple's QuickTake Saves to Disk". PC Mag. p. 44. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  17. ^ "Quicktake 100 / Portable digital camera". iF World Design Guide. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  18. ^ Zeegen, Lawrence (2010). "5". Complete Digital Illustration: A Master Class in Image-Making. Mies, Switzerland: RotoVision SA. p. 107. ISBN 978-2-88893-096-9. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  19. ^ Grotta, Daniel; Grotta, Sally Wiener (December 6, 1994). "Apple's Digital Camera Goes Windows". PC Mag. p. 40. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  20. ^ a b c d Grotta, Daniel; Grotta, Sally Wiener (February 6, 1996). "Hardware: The Death of Film?". PC Mag. pp. 145–148, 152, 155–158, 163, 165–166, 171. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  21. ^ Duncan, Geoff (August 7, 1995). "QuickTake 100 to 150 Upgrade". TidBITS. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  22. ^ Miner, Nicola (April 17, 1995). "Apple upgrades StyleWriter ink-jet, QuickTake camera". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  23. ^ Antonoff, Michael (June 1995). "A hands-on tour of digital cameras". Popular Science. p. 76. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019. The only difference is a smarter compression scheme that makes it possible to shoot 16 high-resolution images rather than eight.
  24. ^ a b Grotta, Daniel; Grotta, Sally Wiener (January 7, 1997). "Digital Cameras: Heave-Ho, Silver!". PC Mag. pp. 145–148, 153, 156, 158, 162–169, 172–173, 176–177. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019. Its predecessor, the QuickTake 100, became a best-seller among users at small and mid-size businesses and in the education market.
  25. ^ a b c d "Apple QuickTake 150". Apple Computer, Inc. 1995. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  26. ^ Apple Computer, Inc. (June 26, 1995). "[Advertisement] The shortest distance between two points remains a straight line". InfoWorld. p. 46. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  27. ^ a b c Apple (1997). "Apple QuickTake 200". Apple Computer, Inc. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  28. ^ Schaub, George (August 1995). "Pictures Bit-by-Bit". Popular Mechanics. pp. 60–64, 107. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  29. ^ Wehner, Mike (March 28, 2014). "Apple's failed attempts at taking over the camera industry are now collector's items". engadget. Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  30. ^ "iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro camera features". Apple Computer, Inc. 2019. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
  31. ^ "Use QuickTake to capture video while taking photos". Apple Support. Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  32. ^ "QuickTake 100 for Windows: Description (6/94)". support.apple.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
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