Timeline of Medina
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia.
Prior to 20th century
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- 6th C. CE - Yathrib settled "by three Jewish tribes, the Banu Quynuqa, the Banu Qurayza, and the Banu Nadir."[1]
- 622 CE / 0-1 H
- Muhammad arrives from Mecca, with followers (muhajirun).[2][3][4]
- Quba Mosque and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) built.[1]
- Yathrib renamed "Medina."[5]
- Baqi Cemetery established.
- 623 CE - Masjid al-Qiblatayn (Mosque of the two Qiblas) built.
- 624 CE - Prophet's House built.[1]
- 627
- March–April: Battle of the Trench.[6]
- Constitution of Medina created (approximate date).[7]
- 630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam."[3]
- 632 CE / 11 H
- 8 June: Death of Muhammad.
- Abu Bakr appointed caliph; Rashidun Caliphate established.[3]
- 634 - Umar becomes caliph.
- 639 - Hijri year calendar devised.[citation needed]
- 644 - Uthman ibn Affan becomes caliph.
- 656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from Medina to Kufa.[7][8]
- 661 - Umayyad Caliphate established; capital moved from Medina to Damascus.[1]
- 662 - Marwan ibn al-Hakam becomes Governor of Madina.
- 683 - Medina sacked by Umayyads.[9][4]
- 8th century - Sharia (Islamic law) codified in Medina.[3]
- 706 - Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz becomes Governor of Madina.
- 707 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi rebuilt.[10]
- 975 - City wall built.[7]
- 976 - Establishment of the Sharifate of Medina.
- 1162 - City wall expanded.[7]
- 1266 - Volcanic eruption within an hour's distance.[4]
- 1513 - Al-Hajjaria waqf (trust) incorporated.[citation needed]
- 1517 - Ottoman Turks in power.[6][11]
- 1804 - Wahhabis in power.[9][12][4]
- 1812 - November: Battle of Medina (1812); Turks in power.[12][4]
- 1837 - Al-Masjid an-Nabawi dome painted green.
- 1872 - Medina becomes part of the Ottoman Hejaz Vilayet.
- 1896 - Telephone line installed.[13]
- 1900 - Population (estimate): 16,000 to 20,000.[4]
20th century
[edit]- 1908 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) begins operating.[3][4]
- 1916 - Siege of Medina begins.
- 1919 - January: Siege of Medina ends; Arabs in power.[14]
- 1920 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) stops operating.[4]
- 1925 - Medina becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[12]
- 1937 - Italian-Muslim hospital founded.[15]
- 1953 - Baqi Cemetery expanded.[15]
- 1955 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi enlarged.[15]
- 1961 - Islamic University of Madinah established.[13][16]
- 1974
- Mohammad Airport opens.
- Population: 198,186.[17]
- 1985 - King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran begins operating.
- 1986 - Quba Mosque rebuilt.[1]
21st century
[edit]- 2001 - 15 March: Chechen hijacking of Russian aircraft.[3]
- 2003 - Taibah University established.
- 2006 - Hejaz Railway Museum opens.
- 2010 - Population: 1,100,093.[18]
- 2014
- 8 February: 2014 Medina hotel fire.
- Air pollution in Medina reaches annual mean of 65 PM2.5 and 153 PM10, much higher than recommended.[19]
- 2016 - 4 July: bombing at Prophet's Mosque.[20]
See also
[edit]- History of Medina
- Other names of Medina
- Timelines of other cities in Saudi Arabia: Jeddah, Mecca, Riyadh
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e ArchNet. "Medina". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
- ^ Cyril Glassé, ed. (2003). New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6.
- ^ a b c d e f David Lea, ed. (2001). A Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-115-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
- ^ Ziauddin Sardar (2014). Mecca: The Sacred City. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-62040-266-5.
- ^ a b John L. Esposito (2003). "Chronology of Key Events". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 353+. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.
- ^ a b c d Friedman 2000.
- ^ Martín 2004.
- ^ a b Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1176, OL 6112221M
- ^ "Arabian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ Andrew Rippin, ed. (2013). Islamic World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-80343-7.
- ^ a b c Watson 1996.
- ^ a b Winder 1984.
- ^ Elie Kedourie (1977). "Surrender of Medina, January 1919". Middle Eastern Studies. 13 (1): 124–143. doi:10.1080/00263207708700339. JSTOR 4282625.
- ^ a b c Bosworth 2007.
- ^ Jörg Matthias Determann (2013). Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-302-4.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
- ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Medina explosion: Suicide bombing near Saudi holy site", BBC News, 4 July 2016
Bibliography
[edit]- Published in 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Medina", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Josiah Conder (1830), "Medinah", Arabia, The Modern Traveller, vol. 4, London: J.Duncan
- Richard Burton (1857), "El Medinah", Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to el Medinah and Meccah (2nd ed.), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, OCLC 5778233
- "Medina". American Cyclopedia. D. Appleton & Company. 1879.
- Published in 20th century
- Smith, William Robertson (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 64–66.
- Philip Khuri Hitti (1973). "Medina". Capital Cities of Arab Islam. University of Minnesota Press. p. 33+. ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4.
- Richard Bayley Winder (1984). "Al-Madina". Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. pp. 997–1007.
- Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (1987). The Foundation of the Community: Muhammad At Al-Madina A.D. 622-626/Hijrah-4 A.H. History of al-Tabari. Vol. 7. M. V. McDonald, translator; W. Montgomery Watt, annotator. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-344-6. (written in 9th/10th century)
- Andrew Petersen (1996). "Medina". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Medina". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 487+. ISBN 1884964036.
- Werner Ende (1997). "The Nakhāwila, a Shite Community in Medina Past and Present". Die Welt des Islams. 37 (3): 263–348. doi:10.1163/1570060972597020. JSTOR 1570656.
- Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam - The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, p. 218+, ISBN 3728119725, 0500282056
- John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Medina". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.
- Published in 21st century
- Richard C. Martín (2004). "Holy Cities: Medina". Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World. Granite Hill Publishers. ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8.
- Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Medina". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Medina". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 380–395. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Madinah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 237+, ISBN 9781576079195
- Harry Munt (2014). The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-99272-5.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Medina.
 Main Saudi Arabian cities by population | |
|---|---|
| 1,000,000 and more | |
| 300,000-999,999 | |
| <300,000 | |
Source: cdsi.gov.sa | |