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Clone Wars

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This article is about a fictional conflict. For Star Wars media named after the conflict, see Clone Wars.
File:Clone Trooper (7271127830).jpg
A fan cosplaying clone trooper Commander Cody. Clone troopers are the primary Galactic Republic foot-soldiers during the Clone Wars.

The Clone Wars are a series of fictional conflicts in the Star Wars franchise by George Lucas. Though mentioned briefly in the first Star Wars film (A New Hope, 1977), the war itself was not depicted until Attack of the Clones (2002) and Revenge of the Sith (2005). The Clone Wars are also the setting for three eponymous projects: a 2D animated series (2003–2005), a CGI film (2008), and a 3D CGI series (2008–2014, 2020). They have featured in numerous Star Wars books and games.

Within the Star Wars narrative, the Clone Wars involve a three-year war fought to prevent thousands of planetary systems from seceding from the Galactic Republic and forming the "Confederacy of Independent Systems", often referred to as "the Separatists". The Republic uses an army of clone troopers, the namesake of the conflict, led by the Jedi Order against the Separatist battle droid army. The conflict was manufactured as a scheme for the Republic's Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, secretly an evil Sith lord, to gain power and ultimately to convert the democratic Galactic Republic into the autocratic Galactic Empire, which was controlled through means of a military–industrial complex and featured in the original trilogy.

Lucas used the Clone Wars narrative to answer questions about the original trilogy, such as how the Empire originated and how Anakin Skywalker became Darth Vader. The political and military events of the Clone Wars draw inspiration from real-world conflicts and historical events, such as World War II and the American Civil War.

Concept and development

The first reference to the Clone Wars is in Star Wars creator George Lucas' third draft of the first film, which mentions the grizzled cyborg General Kenobi's "diary of the Clone Wars".[1] The wars were mentioned twice briefly in the final version of the film, referring to Obi-Wan Kenobi as a general who served Leia Organa's father during the conflict.[2] In drafting The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Lucas considered introducing a clone character who had been involved with the Clone Wars.[3] Leigh Brackett's first draft of the film initially developed Lando Calrissian as a clone from a planet of clones involved in the Clone Wars mentioned in A New Hope and were nearly made extinct by the war.[4] Boba Fett was also considered as from a group of shocktroopers nearly wiped out by Jedi during the Clone Wars.[5] However, these concepts were not included in the final version of the film. Lucas was more guarded about the details of the Clone Wars than any other element of Star Wars,[6] even making them off-limits to licensed products and books.[7]

Lucas has noted that Palpatine's rise to power is similar to that of Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany; as Chancellor of Germany, the latter was granted "emergency powers", as is Palpatine.[8] Lucas has also said that one of the primary influences for the political backdrop behind the Clone Wars, and all of Star Wars, was the Vietnam War and Watergate scandal era, when leaders embraced corruption for what they thought was the best course of action.[9][10] In 2002, Lucas said:

All democracies turn into dictatorships—but not by coup. The people give their democracy to a dictator, whether it's Julius Caesar or Napoleon or Adolf Hitler. Ultimately, the general population goes along with the idea. What kinds of things push people and institutions in this direction? That's the issue I've been exploring: how did the Republic turn into the Empire? ... How does a good person go bad, and how does a democracy become a dictatorship?[11]

The clone forces shown at the conclusion of Attack of the Clones comprised the largest digital army created for a film at that point.[12] Lucas proposed to concept artists that Revenge of the Sith would open with a montage of seven battles on seven planets.[13] Lucas then radically re-organized the plot;[14] instead of opening the film with various Clone Wars battles, Lucas decided instead to focus on Anakin Skywalker.[15] The absence of the "seven battles on seven planets" in part led to Lucas's decision to launch the CGI-animated Clone Wars television series; Lucas said the cartoon could "do better" at depicting the conflict.[16]

Depiction

The Clone Wars was first depicted in Attack of the Clones, the release of which brought an end to Lucas's embargo on licensed material set during the era. Numerous novels, comic books, and video games exploring the conflict have been sanctioned by Lucas Licensing.

Film

Attack of the Clones, set at the beginning of the wars, opens with the Galactic Republic's rising concern about the secession of thousands of star systems to the Confederacy of Independent Systems, which is led by Count Dooku. Chancellor Palpatine manipulates Jar Jar Binks and the rest of the Galactic Senate into granting him emergency powers. Investigating two attempted assassinations of Senator Padmé Amidala, Obi-Wan Kenobi discovers Dooku used the identity of a dead Jedi master to secretly arrange the creation of a massive clone army on the Republic's behalf. Yoda leads the clone army to rescue Obi-Wan, Padmé, and Anakin Skywalker from the Separatists on Geonosis, and the first battle of the war ensues. At the battle's conclusion, Yoda declares: "Begun, the Clone War has". In the final scene of the movie, Anakin and Padmé get married in secret, in violation of Anakin's Jedi vows.

Revenge of the Sith shows the waning days of the three-year Clone Wars, in which clone soldiers and their Jedi generals have fought against the Separatist droid army. After killing Dooku and rescuing Palpatine from the Separatists during their assault on Coruscant, Anakin learns Padmé is pregnant. He becomes troubled by visions of her death in childbirth, and Palpatine lures Anakin to the dark side of the Force by promising to teach him how to prevent her premature demise. Meanwhile, Yoda is dispatched to Kashyyyk to stave off a Separatist invasion, and Obi-Wan Kenobi is dispatched to Utapau where he kills General Grievous. Anakin discovers Palpatine is a Sith Lord, but he defends him against Mace Windu because he needs Palpatine's knowledge to save Padmé. After Palpatine murders Windu, he dubs Anakin his new apprentice Darth Vader. Palpatine orders the clone troopers to execute Order 66, and clones kill their Jedi generals across the galaxy. Palpatine then dispatches Vader to kill the Separatist leaders on Mustafar and to issue a "shutdown command" to their droid army. With their demise, Palpatine declares an end to the Clone Wars and the Republic's reformation into the Galactic Empire.

Animation

The 2D-animated Clone Wars series (2003–2005) depicts several Clone Wars battles and was meant to generate interest in Revenge of the Sith. It also depicts the prelude to the opening battle of Revenge of the Sith and Palpatine's capture by General Grievous.

Several years later, Lucas chose to reboot the series as a 3D CGI series developed by Dave Filoni. After several years of production on the new television series, Lucas decided to spin off the first four episodes as a standalone film.[17] The film, released in 2008, introduces Ahsoka Tano as Anakin's apprentice and depicts the Republic and the Separatists battling and attempting to gain permission to travel through Jabba the Hutt's territory.

The television series that followed (2008–2020) is likewise set against the backdrop of the Clone Wars. The show offers additional details about the clone army's creation, depicts numerous confrontations and developments from the conflict, and portrays the interaction between the clone troopers and their Jedi commanders. For example, the series reveals that each clone has an "inhibitor chip" in his body that makes most of them obey Order 66.

Novels

The 2008 novelization of The Clone Wars by Karen Traviss[18] begins a series of five novels by Traviss and Karen Miller published by Del Rey Books between 2008 and 2010. The Clone Wars: Wild Space (2008) was written by Miller and focuses on Obi-Wan and Bail Organa.[a] Traviss returned to write The Clone Wars: No Prisoners (2009), in which Ahsoka is temporarily assigned to Captain Rex. Finally, Miller wrote the two-part Clone Wars Gambit (2010), subtitled Stealth and Siege, which deals with a bioweapon threat by Neimoidian general Lok Durd.[19][b]

Dark Disciple (2015) novelizes a story arc about Asajj Ventress and Quinlan Vos from eight unfinished episodes of The Clone Wars.[20] Catalyst: A Rogue One Novel (2016) is set during the Clone Wars and the subsequent couple of years.[21] Thrawn: Alliances (2018) features flashbacks to the last year of the war featuring Anakin, Padmé, and Thrawn.[22]

Comics

Main article: Star Wars: Clone Wars (comics)

Dark Horse Comics published various comics set during the era, many of which were collected in a series of trade paperbacks over nine volumes. Dark Horse also published a ten-volume graphic novella series titled Clone Wars – Adventures (2004–07), utilizing the style of the 2D animated series and depicting original stories set during the era.[23] A series of comics tying into the 3D animated series was released from 2008 to 2010, collected in three volumes, and was supplemented by an 11-volume series of graphic novellas released between 2008 and 2013.

The Kanan (sometimes subtitled The Last Padawan) comic series depicts the Star Wars Rebels character Kanan Jarrus as Jedi Padawan Caleb Dume during the conflict.

Video games

LucasArts also produced video games like Republic Commando and The Clone Wars that depict the Clone Wars.

Analysis

See also: Star Wars sources and analogues

Comparisons have been made between the political aspects of the Clone Wars and the events leading up to World War II. Radio host Clyde Lewis' article on historical similarities in Star Wars claims that Palpatine's tactics parallel those of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany; both leaders used wars and scapegoats to manipulate society's emotional state, thus providing the leadership with support and power.[24] Another writer compares the Clone Wars with World War II in general, basing his argument on the fact that Lucas was a baby boomer, and the dark times featured in the original trilogy rival the dark, uncertain Cold War.[25] Referring to Lucas's statements that the conflict in Star Wars was inspired by the cultural backdrop of the Vietnam War, journalist Chris Taylor said the Clone Wars are a parallel to World War II.[6] Anne Lancashire from the University of Toronto also points out some similar nomenclature between the Clone Wars and the American Civil War.[26]

Several publications compared the political context of the Clone Wars to the Iraq War. In claiming that the Star Wars galaxy under the deceitful Palpatine parallels the modern issues of the United States, an editorial on Antiwar.com states that Star Wars "establishes first the generally agreeable premise that it's right to overthrow oppressive government, before bringing into focus something more discomforting – that the corrupt tyranny referred to is our own".[27] Additionally, an article from Wiretap claims that "like Palpatine, the Bush administration has been able to feed on people's fears to gain more power".[28] Lucas stated that the Iraq war "didn't exist" when he developed the Clone Wars,[9] but he did see parallels between the Vietnam War that inspired Star Wars and the war in Iraq.[10] Star Wars producer Rick McCallum corroborated that the Clone Wars was developed before the Iraq War, adding that Lucas "is a product of Vietnam".[29]

Impact and critical response

The author of How Star Wars Conquered the Universe, Chris Taylor, calls the Clone Wars "a major part of Star Wars lore".[30] In its attempt to keep its Star Wars line of toys active after Return of the Jedi (1983), Kenner devised a storyline that would involve the return of an exiled "genetic terrorist" and his Clone Warriors.[31]

Timothy Zahn said the clones' unexpected appearance fighting for "the good guys" in Attack of the Clones—despite many years of fan speculation that the clones were an invading force—was "wonderfully blindsid[ing]".[12] After seeing the CGI Clone Wars television show, Zahn was grateful that Lucasfilm rejected his initial Heir to the Empire draft, which involved an insane clone of Obi-Wan created during the conflict.[32]

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ A prologue recounts the aftermath of the Battle of Geonosis; the rest of the book resumes after the events of the animated film.
  2. ^ Portrayed by George Takei in the 2008 animated series[19]

Citations

  1. ^ Taylor 2014, p. 122
  2. ^ "What are the Clone Wars?". StarWars.com. LucasFilm. Archived from the original on July 17, 2006. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  3. ^ Taylor 2014, p. 231
  4. ^ Bouzereau, Laurent (1997). Star Wars: The Annotated History. Ballantine Books. p. 196. ISBN 978-0345409812.
  5. ^ Kaminski 2007, p. 171
  6. ^ a b Taylor 2014, p. 124
  7. ^ Taylor 2014, pp. 288–289
  8. ^ Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith DVD commentary featuring George Lucas, Rick McCallum, Rob Coleman, John Knoll and Roger Guyett, [2005]
  9. ^ a b Germain, David (May 16, 2005). "'Wars' Raises Questions on US Policy". Backstage. Backstage, LLC. Associated Press. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  10. ^ a b Burns, Chris (May 16, 2005). "Lucas on Iraq war, 'Star Wars'". CNN. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  11. ^ Corliss, Richard; Cagle, Jess; Ressner, Jeffrey (April 29, 2002). "Dark Victory". Time. Vol. 159, no. 17. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved June 30, 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
  12. ^ a b Taylor 2014, p. 338
  13. ^ Rinzler 2005, pp. 13–15
  14. ^ Rinzler 2005, p. 36
  15. ^ Kaminski 2007, pp. 380–384
  16. ^ Taylor 2014, p. 375
  17. ^ Taylor 2014, p. 470
  18. ^ "Del Rey & LucasBooks announce Clone Wars Novels". StarWars.com. June 25, 2008. Archived from the original on August 3, 2008. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
  19. ^ a b "Books – Reviews | The Clone Wars: Gambit: Stealth". TheForce.net. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  20. ^ "Ventress and Vos' Greatest Hits: A Dark Disciple Refresher". StarWars.com. Lucasfilm. July 13, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  21. ^ Hall, Jacob (November 23, 2016). "Everything You Need to Know About Star Wars Catalyst". /Film. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  22. ^ Liptak, Andrew (July 25, 2018). "Star Wars author Timothy Zahn on Thrawn: Alliances and toxic fandom". The Verge. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  23. ^ "Search :: Dark Horse Comics". Dark Horse. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  24. ^ Lewis, Clyde (2005). "The Sith Sense". Ground Zero. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  25. ^ Chambers, Stephen (April 18, 2006). "Star Wars As Baby Boomer Script". Radical Center. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved July 6, 2006.[dead link‍]
  26. ^ Lancashire, Anne (2002). "Attack of the Clones and the Politics of Star Wars". The Dalhousie Review. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  27. ^ Horton, Scott (May 23, 2005). "Star Wars and the American Empire". AntiWar.com. Randolph Bourne Institute. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  28. ^ Fanelli, Brian (June 21, 2005). "U.S. Politics in "A Galaxy Far, Far Away"". AlterNet. Independent Media Institute. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  29. ^ Lammers, Tim (November 2, 2005). "DVD Is Hardly End For 'Sith' Producer McCallum". KIROTV.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  30. ^ Taylor 2014, p. 123
  31. ^ Taylor 2014, p. 280
  32. ^ Taylor 2014, p. 292

Works cited

Further reading

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