List of birds of Trinidad and Tobago

The scarlet ibis and rufous-vented chachalaca (cocrico) are the national birds of Trinidad and Tobago.

A total of 485 species of birds have been confirmed on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. There are few places in the world where so many bird species can be seen in such a small area, many of them unique, very rare, or of particular interest. They range from the many species of hummingbird to the cave-dwelling oilbird (which uses echo-location to fly in the dark) and the scarlet ibis.

The islands are within a few miles of Venezuela, and the species are therefore typical of tropical South America. However, the number of species is relatively low compared to the mainland, as would be expected on small islands.

The resident breeding birds are augmented in the northern winter by migrants from North America, although the variety of migrant passerines is very limited compared to Central America.

Except as an entry is cited otherwise, the list of species and the status of each are as determined by the Trinidad & Tobago Bird Status & Distribution Committee (TTBSCD) as of March 2019. The list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families, and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) are those of the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society.

Species in the list are common on both main islands except as indicated otherwise. Many are also present on other, small, islands which are usually not named in the list. Tobago has only about half the number of bird species of Trinidad, but 27 species and one subspecies have occurred only on the smaller island. Some of the smaller islands off Tobago, such as Little Tobago, have important seabird breeding colonies. Two species are endemic to Trinidad.

Tinamous

Order: Tinamiformes   Family: Tinamidae

The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), that includes the rheas, emus, and kiwis.

Name	Binomial	Status
Little tinamou	Crypturellus soui	Trinidad only

Screamers

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anhimidae

The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.

Name	Binomial	Status
Horned screamer	Anhima cornuta	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Ducks

Black-bellied whistling-ducks, Tobago

Masked duck, Tobago

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Name	Binomial	Status
Fulvous whistling-duck	Dendrocygna bicolor	Trinidad only
White-faced whistling-duck	Dendrocygna viduata	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Black-bellied whistling-duck	Dendrocygna autumnalis
Snow goose	Chen caerulescens	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Muscovy duck	Cairina moschata	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Comb duck	Sarkidiornis sylvicola	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Northern shoveller	Spatula clypeata	Rare/accidental
Blue-winged teal	Spatula discors
Eurasian wigeon	Mareca penelope	Tobago only - one occurrence
American wigeon	Mareca americana	Tobago only - rare/accidental
White-cheeked pintail	Anas bahamensis
Northern pintail	Anas acuta	Rare/accidental
Green-winged teal	Anas crecca	Rare/accidental
Southern pochard	Netta erythrophthalma	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Ring-necked duck	Aythya collaris	Rare/accidental
Lesser scaup	Aythya affinis	Rare/accidental
Masked duck	Oxyura dominica

Guans

Order: Galliformes   Family: Cracidae

The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Trinidad piping-guan	Aburria pipile	Endemic to Trinidad
Rufous-vented chachalaca	Ortalis ruficauda	Tobago only

Flamingos

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Name	Binomial	Status
American flamingo	Phoenicopterus ruber	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Grebes

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Name	Binomial	Status
Least grebe	Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed grebe	Podilymbus podiceps

Pigeons

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Name	Binomial	Status
Rock pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species
Scaled pigeon	Patagioenas speciosa	Trinidad only
Scaly-naped pigeon	Patagioenas squamosa	Tobago and Little Tobago only - rare/accidental
Band-tailed pigeon	Patagioenas fasciata	Trinidad only - rare accidental
Pale-vented pigeon	Patagioenas cayennensis
Ruddy quail-dove	Geotrygon montana	Trinidad only
White-tipped dove	Leptotila verreauxi
Gray-fronted dove	Leptotila rufaxilla	Trinidad only
Lined quail-dove	Zentrygon linearis	Trinidad only - rare accidental
Eared dove	Zenaida auriculata
Blue ground dove	Claravis pretiosa	Trinidad only - rare accidental
Eurasian collared-dove	Streptopelia decaocto	Trinidad only - rare/accidental - introduced species
Common ground dove	Columbina passerina	Trinidad only
Plain-breasted ground dove	Columbina minuta	Trinidad only
Ruddy ground dove	Columbina talpacoti
Scaled dove	Columbina squammata	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Cuckoos

Smooth-billed ani, Tobago

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

Name	Binomial	Status
Greater ani	Crotophaga major	Trinidad only
Smooth-billed ani	Crotophaga ani
Striped cuckoo	Tapera naevia	Trinidad only
Little cuckoo	Coccycua minuta	Trinidad only
Dwarf cuckoo	Coccycua pumila	Trinidad only - one occurrence
Squirrel cuckoo	Piaya cayana	Trinidad only
Dark-billed cuckoo	Coccyzus melacoryphus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Yellow-billed cuckoo	Coccyzus americanus
Mangrove cuckoo	Coccyzus minor
Black-billed cuckoo	Coccyzus erythropthalmus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Oilbird

Oilbirds, Trinidad

Order: Steatornithiformes   Family: Steatornithidae

The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the oil palm.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Oilbird	Steatornis caripensis	Trinidad only

Potoos

Order: Nyctibiiformes   Family: Nyctibiidae

The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Common potoo	Nyctibius griseus

Nightjars

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Nacunda nighthawk	Chordeiles nacunda	Trinidad only
Lesser nighthawk	Chordeiles acutipennis	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Short-tailed nighthawk	Lurocalis semitorquatus	Trinidad only
Common pauraque	Nyctidromus albicollis	Trinidad only
White-tailed nightjar	Hydropsalis cayennensis
Rufous nightjar	Antrostomus rufus	Trinidad only

Swifts

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Chestnut-collared swift	Cypseloides rutilus	Trinidad only
White-collared swift	Streptoprocne zonaris	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Band-rumped swift	Chaetura spinicaudus	Trinidad only
Gray-rumped swift	Chaetura cinereiventris
Chapman's swift	Chaetura chapmani	Trinidad only
Short-tailed swift	Chaetura brachyura
Fork-tailed palm-swift	Tachornis squamata
Lesser swallow-tailed swift	Panyptila cayennensis	Trinidad only

Hummingbirds

Rufous-breasted hermit, Tobago

Hummingbirds of Trinidad and Tobago

Black-throated mango, Tobago

Ruby-topaz hummingbird, Tobago

Copper-rumped hummingbird, Trinidad

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-necked jacobin	Florisuga mellivora mellivora
Rufous-breasted hermit	Glaucis hirsutus insularum
Little hermit	Phaethornis longuemareus	Trinidad only
Green hermit	Phaethornis guy	Trinidad only
Brown violetear	Colibri delphinae	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
White-tailed goldenthroat	Polytmus guainumbi	Trinidad only
Ruby-topaz hummingbird	Chrysolampis mosquitus
Green-throated mango	Anthracothorax viridigula	Trinidad only
Black-throated mango	Anthracothorax nigricollis
Tufted coquette	Lophornis ornatus	Trinidad only
Long-billed starthroat	Heliomaster longirostris	Trinidad only
Rufous-shafted woodstar	Chaetocercus jourdanii	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Amethyst woodstar	Calliphlox amethystina	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Blue-tailed emerald	Chlorostilbon mellisugus	Trinidad only
Blue-chinned sapphire	Chlorestes notata	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
White-tailed sabrewing	Campylopterus ensipennis	Tobago only - near-threatened
Copper-rumped hummingbird	Saucerottia tobaci erythronota	Trinidad only for subspecies
Copper-rumped hummingbird	Saucerottia tobaci tobaci	Tobago only for subspecies
White-chested emerald	Chrysuronia brevirostris	Trinidad only

Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Aramidae

The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.

Name	Binomial	Status
Limpkin	Aramus guarauna	Trinidad only

Rails

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Name	Binomial	Status
Mangrove rail	Rallus longirostris	Trinidad only
Purple gallinule	Porphyrio martinica
Azure gallinule	Porphyrio flavirostris	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Gray-breasted crake	Laterallus exilis	Trinidad only
Ash-throated crake	Mustelirallus albicollis	Trinidad only
Paint-billed crake	Mustelirallus erythrops	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Spotted rail	Pardirallus maculatus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Gray-cowled wood-rail	Aramides cajaneus	Trinidad only
Rufous-necked wood-rail	Aramides axillaris	Trinidad only
Yellow-breasted crake	Haplocrex flaviventer	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Sora	Porzana carolina
Common gallinule	Gallinula galeata
American coot	Fulica americana	rare/accidental

Finfoots

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

Name	Binomial	Status
Sungrebe	Heliornis fulica	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Plovers

Southern lapwing, Tobago

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Name	Binomial	Status
American golden-plover	Pluvialis dominica
Black-bellied plover	Pluvialis squatarola
Pied lapwing	Vanellus cayanus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Southern lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Killdeer	Charadrius vociferus	Rare/accidental
Semipalmated plover	Charadrius semipalmatus
Common ringed plover	Charadrius hiaticula	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Wilson's plover	Charadrius wilsonia	Trinidad only
Collared plover	Charadrius collaris	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Snowy plover	Charadrius nivosus	Tobago only - rare/accidental

Oystercatchers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Name	Binomial	Status
American oystercatcher	Haematopus palliatus	Rare/accidental

Avocets and stilts

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Name	Binomial	Status
Black-necked stilt	Himantopus mexicanus	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
American avocet	Recurvirostra americana	Tobago only - rare/accidental

Thick-knees

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Name	Binomial	Status
Double-striped thick-knee	Burhinus bistriatus	Rare/accidental

Sandpipers

Ruddy turnstone, Tobago

White-rumped sandpiper, Tobago

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Name	Binomial	Status
Upland sandpiper	Bartramia longicauda	Rare/accidental
Eskimo curlew	Numenius borealis	Rare/accidental (possibly extinct)
Whimbrel	Numenius phaeopus
Long-billed curlew	Numenius americanus	Tobago only - rare/accidental
Black-tailed godwit	Limosa limosaa	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Hudsonian godwit	Limosa haemastica	Trinidad only
Marbled godwit	Limosa fedoa	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Ruddy turnstone	Arenaria interpres morinella
Red knot	Calidris canutus	Trinidad only
Ruff	Calidris pugnax	Rare/accidental
Stilt sandpiper	Calidris himantopus
Curlew sandpiper	Calidris ferruginea	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Sanderling	Calidris alba
Baird's sandpiper	Calidris bairdii	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Least sandpiper	Calidris minutilla
White-rumped sandpiper	Calidris fuscicollis
Buff-breasted sandpiper	Calidris subruficollis	Rare/accidental
Pectoral sandpiper	Calidris melanotos
Semipalmated sandpiper	Calidris pusilla
Western sandpiper	Calidris mauri
Short-billed dowitcher	Limnodromus griseus
Wilson's snipe	Gallinago delicata
South American snipe	Gallinago paraguaiae	Trinidad only
Wilson's phalarope	Phalaropus tricolor	Rare/accidental
Terek sandpiper	Xenus cinereus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Spotted sandpiper	Actitis macularia
Solitary sandpiper	Tringa solitaria
Spotted redshank	Tringa erythropus	Tobago only - rare/accidental
Greater yellowlegs	Tringa melanoleuca
Common greenshank	Tringa nebularia	Rare/accidental
Willet	Tringa semipalmata
Lesser yellowlegs	Tringa flavipes
Wood sandpiper	Tringa glareola	Tobago only - rare/accidental

Jacanas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

Name	Binomial	Status
Wattled jacana	Jacana jacana

Skuas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Name	Binomial	Status
South polar skua	Stercorarius maccormicki	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Pomarine jaeger	Stercorarius pomarinus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Parasitic jaeger	Stercorarius parasiticus	Trinidad only

Skimmers

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Rynchopidae

Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

Name	Binomial	Status
Black skimmer	Rynchops niger

Gulls

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Name	Binomial	Status
Black-legged kittiwake	Rissa tridactyla	Rare/accidental
Sabine's gull	Xema sabini	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Black-headed gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus	Rare/accidental
Laughing gull	Leucophaeus atricilla
Franklin's gull	Leucophaeus pipixcan	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Audouin's gull	Ichthyaetus audouinii	Trinidad only - one occurrence
Ring-billed gull	Larus delawarensis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Great black-backed gull	Larus marinus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Kelp gull	Larus dominicanus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Lesser black-backed gull	Larus fuscus	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Herring gull	Larus argentatus	Rare/accidental
Brown noddy	Anous stolidus
White tern	Gygis alba	Tobago only - rare/accidental
Sooty tern	Onychoprion fuscata
Bridled tern	Onychoprion anaethetus
Least tern	Sternula antillarum
Yellow-billed tern	Sternula superciliaris	Trinidad only
Large-billed tern	Phaetusa simplex	Trinidad only
Gull-billed tern	Gelochelidon nilotica	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Caspian tern	Hydroprogne caspia	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Black tern	Chlidonias niger	Trinidad only
Common tern	Sterna hirundo
Roseate tern	Sterna dougallii
Sandwich tern	Thalasseus sandvicensis
Royal tern	Thalasseus maxima

Tropicbirds

Red-billed tropicbirds, Little Tobago

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-billed tropicbird	Phaethon aethereus
White-tailed tropicbird	Phaethon lepturus	Tobago only - rare/accidental

Southern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Wilson's storm-petrel	Oceanites oceanicus	Rare/accidental

Northern storm-petrels

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Leach's storm-petrel	Hydrobates leucorhoa

Shearwaters

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Bulwer's petrel	Bulweria bulwerii	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Cory's shearwater	Calonectris diomedea	Rare/accidental
Sooty shearwater	Ardenna grisea	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Great shearwater	Ardenna gravis	Rare/accidental
Manx shearwater	Puffinus puffinus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Audubon's shearwater	Puffinus lherminieri	Little Tobago only - rare/accidental

Storks

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Name	Binomial	Status
Maguari stork	Ciconia maguari	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Jabiru	Jabiru mycteria	Rare/accidental
Wood stork	Mycteria americana	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Frigatebirds

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Magnificent frigatebird	Fregata magnificens

Boobies

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Northern gannet	Morus bassanus	Rare/accidental
Masked booby	Sula dactylatra	Rare/accidental
Red-footed booby	Sula sula
Brown booby	Sula leucogaster

Anhingas

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because they have long thin necks, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage, especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Anhinga	Anhinga anhinga

Cormorants

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies; the majority of species have mainly dark plumage, but some are pied black and white, and a few are more colorful.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Neotropic cormorant	Phalacrocorax brasilianus

Pelicans

Juvenile brown pelican, Tobago

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Brown pelican	Pelecanus occidentalis

Herons

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

Great egret, Tobago

Green heron, Tobago

Black-crowned night-heron, Tobago

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.

Name	Binomial	Status
Rufescent tiger-heron	Tigrisoma lineatum	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Fasciated tiger-heron	Tigrisoma fasciatum	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Agami heron	Agamia agami	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Boat-billed heron	Cochlearius cochlearius	Trinidad only
Pinnated bittern	Botaurus pinnatus	Trinidad only
Least bittern	Ixobrychus exilis	Trinidad only
Stripe-backed bittern	Ixobrychus involucris	Trinidad only
Black-crowned night-heron	Nycticorax nycticorax
Yellow-crowned night-heron	Nyctanassa violacea
Green heron	Butorides virescens virescens	Common Tobago, rare/accidental Trinidad
Striated heron	Butorides striata	Trinidad only
Cattle egret	Bubulcus ibis
Gray heron	Ardea cinerea	Rare/accidental
Great blue heron	Ardea herodias
Cocoi heron	Ardea cocoi	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Purple heron	Ardea purpurea	Rare/accidental
Great egret	Ardea alba
Whistling heron	Syrigma sibilatrix	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Tricolored heron	Egretta tricolor
Reddish egret	Egretta rufescens	Rare/accidental
Western reef-heron	Egretta gularis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Little egret	Egretta garzetta	Rare/accidental
Snowy egret	Egretta thula
Little blue heron	Egretta caerulea

Ibises

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Name	Binomial	Status
White ibis	Eudocimus albus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Scarlet ibis	Eudocimus ruber	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Glossy ibis	Plegadis falcinellus	Rare/accidental
Eurasian spoonbill	Platalea leucorodia	Rare/accidental
Roseate spoonbill	Platalea ajaja	Rare/accidental

New World vultures

Turkey vulture, Trinidad

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.

Name	Binomial	Status
King vulture	Sarcoramphus papa	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Black vulture	Coragyps atratus	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Turkey vulture	Cathartes aura	Trinidad only

Osprey

Osprey, Trinidad

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Name	Binomial	Status
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus

Hawks

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

Name	Binomial	Status
White-tailed kite	Elanus leucurus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Pearl kite	Gampsonyx swainsonii	Trinidad only
Hook-billed kite	Chondrohierax uncinatus	Rare/accidental
Gray-headed kite	Leptodon cayanensis	Trinidad only
Swallow-tailed kite	Elanoides forficatus	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Black hawk-eagle	Spizaetus tyrannus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Ornate hawk-eagle	Spizaetus ornatus	Rare/accidental Trinidad, extirpated Tobago
Black-collared hawk	Busarellus nigricollis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Snail kite	Rostrhamus sociabilis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Slender-billed kite	Helicolestes hamatus	Trinidad only - one occurrence
Double-toothed kite	Harpagus bidentatus	Trinidad only
Plumbeous kite	Ictinia plumbea	Trinidad only
Long-winged harrier	Circus buffoni	Trinidad only
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Crane hawk	Geranospiza caerulescens	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Common black hawk	Buteogallus anthracinus	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Rufous crab hawk	Buteogallus aequinoctialis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Savanna hawk	Buteogallus meridionalis	Trinidad only
Great black hawk	Buteogallus urubitinga	Common Tobago, rare/accidental Trinidad
Roadside hawk	Rupornis magnirostris	Trinidad only - one occurrence
White-tailed hawk	Geranoaetus albicaudatus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
White hawk	Pseudastur albicollis	Trinidad only
Gray-lined hawk	Buteo nitidus	Trinidad only
Broad-winged hawk	Buteo platypterus
Short-tailed hawk	Buteo brachyurus	Trinidad only
Swainson's hawk	Buteo swainsoni	Rare/accidental
Zone-tailed hawk	Buteo albonotatus	Trinidad only
Red-tailed Hawk	Buteo jamaicensis	Tobago only - rare/accidental

Barn owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Barn owl	Tyto alba

Owls

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Tropical screech-owl	Megascops choliba	Trinidad only
Spectacled owl	Pulsatrix perspicillata	Trinidad only
Mottled owl	Ciccaba virgata	Trinidad only
Ferruginous pygmy-owl	Gaucidium brasilianum	Trinidad only
Burrowing owl	Athene cunicularia	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Striped owl	Asio clamator	Tobago only
Stygian owl	Asio stygius	Trinidad only - one occurrence
Short-eared owl	Asio flammeus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Trogons

Order: Trogoniformes   Family: Trogonidae

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Green-backed trogon	Trogon viridis	Trinidad only
Guianan trogon	Trogon violaceus	Trinidad only
Collared trogon	Trogon collaris

Motmots

Trinidad motmot, Tobago

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Momotidae

The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Trinidad motmot	Momotus bahamensis	Endemic to main islands

Kingfishers

Ringed kingfisher, Trinidad

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Ringed kingfisher	Megaceryle torquata	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Belted kingfisher	Megaceryle alcyon
Amazon kingfisher	Chloroceryle amazona	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
American pygmy kingfisher	Chloroceryle aenea	Trinidad only
Green kingfisher	Chloroceryle americana

Jacamars

Rufous-tailed jacamar, Tobago

Order: Galbuliformes   Family: Galbulidae

The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to woodpeckers.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Rufous-tailed jacamar	Galbula ruficauda

Toucans

Order: Piciformes   Family: Ramphastidae

Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Channel-billed toucan	Ramphastos vitellinus	Trinidad only

Woodpeckers

Red-crowned woodpecker, Tobago

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red-crowned woodpecker	Melanerpes rubricapillus rubricapillus	Tobago only
Red-rumped woodpecker	Dryobates kirkii
Golden-olive woodpecker	Piculus rubiginosus
Chestnut woodpecker	Celeus elegans	Trinidad only
Lineated woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus	Trinidad only
Crimson-crested woodpecker	Campephilus melanoleucos	Trinidad only

Falcons

Peregrine falcon, Trinidad

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Crested caracara	Caracara cheriway	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Yellow-headed caracara	Milvago chimachima
Eurasian kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
American kestrel	Falco sparverius	Rare/accidental
Merlin	Falco columbarius
Bat falcon	Falco rufigularis	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Orange-breasted falcon	Falco deiroleucus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Aplomado falcon	Falco femoralis	Rare/accidental
Peregrine falcon	Falco peregrinus

New World and African parrots

Orange-winged parrots, Tobago

Green-rumped parrotlet, Trinidad

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.

Name	Binomial	Status
Lilac-tailed parrotlet	Touit batavicus	Trinidad only
Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet	Touit huetii	Extirpated
Blue-headed parrot	Pionus menstruus	Trinidad only
Yellow-crowned parrot	Amazona ochrocephala	Trinidad only - introduced species
Orange-winged parrot	Amazona amazonica
Green-rumped parrotlet	Forpus passerinus
Brown-throated parakeet	Eupsittula pertinax	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Red-bellied macaw	Orthopsittaca manilatus	Trinidad only
Blue-and-yellow macaw	Ara ararauna	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Scarlet macaw	Ara macao	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
White-eyed parakeet	Psittacara leucophthalmus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Antbirds

Barred antshrike, Tobago

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thamnophilidae

The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color; brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Great antshrike	Taraba major	Trinidad only
Black-crested antshrike	Sakesphorus canadensis	Trinidad only
Barred antshrike	Thamnophilus doliatus tobagensis
Plain antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis
White-flanked antwren	Myrmotherula axillaris	Trinidad only
White-fringed antwren	Formicivora grisea	Tobago only
Silvered antbird	Sclateria naevia	Trinidad only
White-bellied antbird	Myrmeciza longipes	Trinidad only

Antpittas

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Grallariidae

Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Scaled antpitta	Grallaria guatimalensis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Antthrushes

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Formicariidae

Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-faced antthrush	Formicarius analis	Trinidad only

Ovenbirds

Yellow-chinned spinetail, Trinidad

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Furnariidae

Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture, supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Gray-throated leaftosser	Sclerurus albigularis
Olivaceous woodcreeper	Sittasomus griseicapillus	Tobago only
Plain-brown woodcreeper	Dendrocincla fuliginosa
Cocoa woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus susurrans
Straight-billed woodcreeper	Dendroplex picus	Trinidad only
Streak-headed woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes souleyetii	Trinidad only
Streaked xenops	Xenops rutilans	Trinidad only
Yellow-chinned spinetail	Certhiaxis cinnamomeus	Trinidad only
Pale-breasted spinetail	Synallaxis albescens	Trinidad only
Stripe-breasted spinetail	Synallaxis cinnamomea

Manakins

White-bearded manakin, Trinidad

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pipridae

The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries and insects.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Blue-backed manakin	Chiroxiphia pareola	Tobago only
White-bearded manakin	Manacus manacus	Trinidad only
Golden-headed manakin	Pipra erythrocephala	Trinidad only

Cotingas

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cotingidae

The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.

Common name	Binomial	Status
White bellbird	Procnias alba	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Bearded bellbird	Procnias averano	Trinidad only

Tityras

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tityridae

Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Black-tailed tityra	Tityra cayana	Trinidad only
White-winged becard	Pachyramphus polychopterus

Tyrant flycatchers

Gray kingbird, Tobago

Boat-billed flycatcher, Trinidad

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

Common name	Binomial	Status
White-throated spadebill	Platyrinchus mystaceus
Olive-striped flycatcher	Mionectes olivaceus	Trinidad only
Ochre-bellied flycatcher	Mionectes oleagineus
Slaty-capped flycatcher	Leptopogon superciliaris	Trinidad only
Yellow-olive flycatcher	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	Trinidad only
Yellow-breasted flycatcher	Tolmomyias flaviventris
Short-tailed pygmy-tyrant	Myiornis ecaudatus	Trinidad only
Spotted tody-flycatcher	Todirostrum maculatum	Trinidad only
Southern beardless-tyrannulet	Camptostoma obsoletum	Trinidad only
Yellow-bellied elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster
Small-billed elaenia	Elaenia parvirostris	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Slaty elaenia	Elaenia strepera	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Lesser elaenia	Elaenia chiriquensis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Forest elaenia	Myiopagis gaimardii	Trinidad only
Mouse-colored tyrannulet	Phaeomyias murina	Trinidad only
Crested doradito	Pseudocolopteryx sclateri	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Bright-rumped attila	Attila spadiceus	Trinidad only
Piratic flycatcher	Legatus leucophaius
Great kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus	Trinidad only
Sulphury flycatcher	Tyrannopsis sulphurea	Trinidad only
Boat-billed flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	Trinidad only
Streaked flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus
Variegated flycatcher	Empidonomus varius	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Tropical kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
Fork-tailed flycatcher	Tyrannus savana
Eastern kingbird	Tyrannus tyrannus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Gray kingbird	Tyrannus dominicensis vorax
Dusky-capped flycatcher	Myiarchus tuberculifer	Trinidad only
Swainson's flycatcher	Myiarchus swainsoni	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Venezuelan flycatcher	Myiarchus venezuelensis	Tobago only
Brown-crested flycatcher	Myiarchus tyrannulus
Bran-colored flycatcher	Myiophobus fasciatus	Trinidad only
Northern scrub-flycatcher	Sublegatus arenarum	Trinidad only
Pied water-tyrant	Fluvicola pica	Trinidad only
White-headed marsh tyrant	Arundinicola leucocephala	Trinidad only
Fuscous flycatcher	Cnemotriccus fuscatus
Euler's flycatcher	Lathrotriccus euleri	Trinidad only
Olive-sided flycatcher	Contopus cooperi	Trinidad only
Tropical pewee	Contopus cinereus	Trinidad only

Vireos

Rufous-browed peppershrike, Trinidad

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble New World warblers apart from their heavier bills.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Rufous-browed peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis	Trinidad only
Scrub greenlet	Hylophilus flavipes	Tobago only
Golden-fronted greenlet	Pachysylvia aurantiifrons	Trinidad only
White-eyed vireo	Vireo griseus	Tobago only - rare/accidental
Yellow-throated vireo	Vireo flavifrons	Rare/accidental
Red-eyed vireo	Vireo olivaceus
Black-whiskered vireo	Vireo altiloquus	Rare/accidental

Swallows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Blue-and-white swallow	Pygochelidon cyanoleuca	Trinidad only
Southern rough-winged swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Caribbean martin	Progne dominicensis	Rare/accidental Trinidad, common Tobago
Gray-breasted martin	Progne chalybea	Trinidad only
White-winged swallow	Tachycineta albiventer
Bank swallow	Riparia riparia
Barn swallow	Hirundo rustica
Cliff swallow	Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	Rare/accidental

Wrens

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Common name	Binomial	Status
House wren	Troglodytes aedon
Rufous-breasted wren	Pheugopedius rutilus

Gnatcatchers

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Trilling gnatwren	Ramphocaenus melanurus	Trinidad only

Thrushes

Spectacled thrush, Tobago

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Orange-billed nightingale-thrush	Catharus aurantiirostris	Trinidad only
Veery	Catharus fuscescens	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Gray-cheeked thrush	Catharus minimus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Yellow-legged thrush	Turdus flavipes
Cocoa thrush	Turdus fumigatus	Trinidad only
Spectacled thrush	Turdus nudigenis
White-necked thrush	Turdus albicollis

Mockingbirds

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Tropical mockingbird	Mimus gilvus

Estreldids

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Common waxbill	Estrilda astrild	Trinidad, accidental Tobago - introduced species
Tricolored munia	Lonchura malacca	Trinidad only - introduced species

Old World sparrows

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Common name	Binomial	Status
House sparrow	Passer domesticus	Trinidad only - Introduced species

Pipits and wagtails

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

Common name	Binomial	Status
White wagtail	Motacilla alba	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Finches

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Red siskin	Carduelis cucullata	Trinidad only - endangered
Lesser goldfinch	Spinus psaltria	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Golden-rumped euphonia	Chlorophonia cyanocephala	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Trinidad euphonia	Euphonia trinitatis	Trinidad only
Violaceous euphonia	Euphonia violacea

Blackbirds

Crested oropendola, subspecies insularis, Trinidad

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Bobolink	Dolichonyx oryzivorus	Rare visitor
Red-breasted meadowlark	Leistes militaris	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Crested oropendola	Psarocolius decumanus
Yellow-rumped cacique	Cacicus cela	Trinidad only
Epaulet oriole (moriche)	Icterus cayanensis chrysocephalus	Trinidad only - very scarce
Orchard oriole	Icterus spurius	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Baltimore oriole	Icterus galbula	Rare/accidental
Yellow oriole	Icterus nigrogularis	Trinidad only
Giant cowbird	Molothrus oryzivorus
Shiny cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis
Carib grackle	Quiscalus lugubris
Great-tailed grackle	Quiscalus mexicanus	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Yellow-hooded blackbird	Chrysomus icterocephalus	Trinidad only

Wood-warblers

Masked yellowthroat, Trinidad

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Ovenbird	Seiurus aurocapilla	Rare/accidental
Northern waterthrush	Parkesia noveboracensis
Golden-winged warbler	Vermivora chrysoptera	Rare/accidental
Black-and-white warbler	Mniotilta varia	Rare/accidental
Prothonotary warbler	Protonotaria citrea
Tennessee warbler	Leiothlypis peregrina	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Masked yellowthroat	Geothlypis aequinoctialis	Trinidad only
Kentucky warbler	Geothlypis formosa	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Common yellowthroat	Geothlypis trichas	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Hooded warbler	Setophaga citrina	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
American redstart	Setophaga ruticilla
Cape May warbler	Setophaga tigrina	Rare/accidental
Cerulean warbler	Setophaga cerulea	Rare/accidental
Northern parula	Setophaga americana	Rare/accidental
Tropical parula	Setophaga pitiayumi	Trinidad only
Magnolia warbler	Setophaga magnolia	Rare/accidental
Bay-breasted warbler	Setophaga castanea	Rare/accidental
Blackburnian warbler	Setophaga fusca	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Yellow warbler	Setophaga petechia
Chestnut-sided warbler	Setophaga pensylvanica	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Blackpoll warbler	Setophaga striata
Black-throated blue warbler	Setophaga caerulescens	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Yellow-rumped warbler	Setophaga coronata	Tobago only - rare/accidental
Prairie warbler	Setophaga discolor	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Black-throated green warbler	Setophaga virens	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Golden-crowned warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus	Trinidad only
Canada warbler	Cardellina canadensis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental

Cardinal grosbeaks

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Hepatic tanager	Piranga flava	Trinidad only
Summer tanager	Piranga rubra	Rare/accidental
Scarlet tanager	Piranga olivacea	Rare/accidental
Red-crowned ant-tanager	Habia rubica	Trinidad only
Rose-breasted grosbeak	Pheucticus ludovicianus	Rare/accidental
Indigo bunting	Passerina cyanea	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Dickcissel	Spiza americana	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago

Tanagers

Blue-gray tanager, Tobago

Green honeycreeper, Trinidad

Purple honeycreeper, Trinidad

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.

Common name	Binomial	Status
Green honeycreeper	Chlorophanes spiza spiza	Trinidad only
Bicolored conebill	Conirostrum bicolor	Trinidad only
Orange-fronted yellow-finch	Sicalis columbiana	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Saffron finch	Sicalis flaveola	Trinidad only
Grassland yellow-finch	Sicalis luteola	Trinidad only
Blue-black grassquit	Volatinia jacarina
White-shouldered tanager	Loriotus luctuosus	Trinidad only
White-lined tanager	Tachyphonus rufus
Silver-beaked tanager	Ramphocelus carbo	Trinidad only
Purple honeycreeper	Cyanerpes caeruleus longirostris	Trinidad only
Red-legged honeycreeper	Cyanerpes cyaneus
Swallow tanager	Tersina viridis	Common Trinidad, rare/accidental Tobago
Blue dacnis	Dacnis cayana	Trinidad only
Lesson's seedeater	Sporophila bouvronides	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Lined seedeater	Sporophila lineola	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Ruddy-breasted seedeater	Sporophila minuta	Trinidad only
Chestnut-bellied seed-finch	Oryzoborus angolensis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental (a common cage bird)
Large-billed seed-finch	Oryzoborus crassirostris	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Gray seedeater	Sporophila intermedia	Trinidad only - rare/accidental (considered extirpated)
Wing-barred seedeater	Sporophila americana	Tobago only - rare/accidental (considered extirpated)
Yellow-bellied seedeater	Sporophila nigricollis	Trinidad only - rare/accidental
Slate-colored seedeater	Sporophila schistacea	Trinidad only - rare/accidental (considered extirpated)
Grayish saltator	Saltator coerulescens	Trinidad only
Streaked saltator	Saltator striatipectus	Trinidad only
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola luteola
Sooty grassquit	Asemospiza fuliginosa	Trinidad only
Black-faced grassquit	Melanospiza bicolor	Tobago only
Masked cardinal	Paroaria nigrogenis	Trinidad only
Blue-capped tanager	Sporathraupis cyanocephala	Trinidad only
Turquoise tanager	Tangara mexicana	Trinidad only
Bay-headed tanager	Tangara gyrola	Trinidad only
Blue-gray tanager	Thraupis episcopus berlepschi
Palm tanager	Thraupis palmarum
Speckled tanager	Ixothraupis guttata	Trinidad only

Further reading

• ffrench, Richard (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
• Helm Field Guides. Kenefick, Restall, Hayes. Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd Ed.). Christopher Helm, Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4081-5209-6
• Linblad, Jan. (1966). Journey to Red Birds. Trans. by Gwynne Vevers. Reprint: Collins, London. 1969.
• Zahl, Paul A. (1954). Coro-Coro: The World of the Scarlet Ibis. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis / New York.
• Worth, C. Brooke. (1967). A Naturalist in Trinidad. J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia and New York.

External links

• Asa Wright Nature Centre