Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

The Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is the most senior politician within the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD) in the Netherlands. The post is currently held by Mark Rutte, who succeeded Jozias van Aartsen after the leadership election of 2006 and who has also been the serving Prime Minister of the Netherlands since the Dutch general election of 2010 and was reelected as Prime Minister of the Netherlands after the Dutch general election of 2012.

History

The Leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the Leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list. Outside election time the Leader can serve as the Opposition leader. In the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy the Leader is often the Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives. Some People's Party for Freedom and Democracy leaders became a Minister in a Cabinet.

Leaders

Leader			Term of office	Age as Leader	Position(s) as Leader	Further position(s)	Civil/ Diplomatic/ Judiciary Function(s)	International Function(s)	Former Affiliation	Professional Function(s)	Lijsttrekker
rowspan=4 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Pieter Oud (1886–1968)	28 January 1948 – 30 March 1963 (15 years, 61 days)	61–76	Mayor of Rotterdam (1945–1952) Member of the House of Representatives (1948–1963) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1948–1963) Party Chairman (1949–1963)	Member of the House of Representatives (VDB) (1917–1933) (1937–1938) Minister of Finance (VDB) (1933–1937) Leader of the Free-thinking Democratic League (1935–1938) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (VDB) (1937–1938) Mayor of Rotterdam (VDB) (1938–1941) Minister of State (1963–1968)			Free-thinking Democratic League	Jurist Civil servant Historian Author Professor	1948
1952
Committee-Oud									1956
Labour Party									1959
rowspan=2 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Edzo Toxopeus (1918–2009)	30 March 1963 – 1 October 1969 (6 years, 185 days)	45–51	Minister of the Interior (1959–1965) Member of the House of Representatives (1963) (1965–1969) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1963) (1966–1969)	Member of the House of Representatives (1956–1959) Queen's Commissioner of Groningen (1970–1980) Minister of State (1985–2009)	Member of the Council of State (1980–1988)	President of the Liberal International (1966–1970)	Freedom Party	Jurist Lawyer Businessperson Diplomat	1963
1967
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Molly Geertsema (1918–1991)	1 October 1969 – 1 July 1971 (1 year, 273 days)	50–52	Member of the House of Representatives (1959–1971) Mayor of Wassenaar (1961–1971) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1969–1971)	Mayor of Warffum (1953–1957) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1963–1966) Minister of the Interior (1971–1973) Deputy Prime Minister (1971–1973) Minister for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs (1973) Member of the House of Representatives (1973) (1973) Queen's Commissioner of Gelderland (1973–1983) Member of the Senate (1983–1987)			Freedom Party	Jurist Civil servant Teacher	1971
rowspan=3 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Hans Wiegel (born 1941)	1 July 1971 – 20 April 1982 (10 years, 293 days)	29–40	Member of the House of Representatives (1967–1977) (1981–1982) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1971–1977) (1981–1982) Minister of the Interior (1977–1981) Deputy Prime Minister (1977–1981)	Queen's Commissioner of Friesland (1982–1994) Member of the Senate (1995–2000)	Member of the Social and Economic Council (1994–2012)			Businessperson Trade association executive Political pundit Author	1972
1977
1981
rowspan=2 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Ed Nijpels (born 1950)	20 April 1982 – 9 July 1986 (4 years, 80 days)	32–36	Member of the House of Representatives (1977–1986) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1982–1986)	Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (1986–1989) Member of the House of Representatives (1989–1990) Mayor of Breda (1990–1995) Queen's Commissioner of Friesland (1999–2008)	Member of the Social and Economic Council (since 2014)			Jurist Civil servant Businessperson Nonprofit director Trade association executive Teacher Activist	1982
1986
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Dr. Rudolf de Korte (1936–2020)	9 July 1986 – 15 December 1986 (159 days)	50	Minister of the Interior (1986) Member of the House of Representatives (1986) Minister of Economic Affairs (1986–1989) Deputy Prime Minister (1986–1989)	Member of the House of Representatives (1977–1986) (1989–1995)		Vice President of the European Investment Bank (1986–1989)		Businessperson Banker
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Dr. Joris Voorhoeve (born 1945)	15 December 1986 – 30 April 1990 (3 years, 136 days)	40–44	Member of the House of Representatives (1982–1991) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1986–1990)	Minister for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs (1994–1998) Minister of Defence (1994–1998) Member of the House of Representatives (1998–1999)	Member of the Council of State (1999–2011)		Democrats 66	Political scientist Researcher Civil servant Nonprofit director Activist Author Professor	1989
rowspan=2 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Frits Bolkestein (born 1933)	30 April 1990 – 30 July 1998 (8 years, 91 days)	57–65	Member of the House of Representatives (1989–1999) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1990–1998)	Member of the House of Representatives (1978–1982) (1986–1988) State Secretary for Economic Affairs (1982–1986) Minister of Defence (1988–1989)		President of the Liberal International (1996–2000) European Commissioner (1999–2004) [Portfolios]		Businessperson Economist Author Historian Professor	1994
1998
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Hans Dijkstal (1943–2010)	30 July 1998 – 16 May 2002 (3 years, 290 days)	55–59	Minister of the Interior (1994–1998) Deputy Prime Minister (1994–1998) Member of the House of Representatives (1998–2002) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1998–2002)	Member of the House of Representatives (1982–1986) (1986–1994)				Financial adviser Management consultant Nonprofit director Teacher Lobbyist	2002
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Gerrit Zalm (born 1952)	16 May 2002 – 27 November 2004 (2 years, 195 days)	50–52	Member of the House of Representatives (2002–2003) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (2002–2003) Minister of Finance (2003–2007) Deputy Prime Minister (2003–2007)	Minister of Finance (1994–1996) (1996–2002) Member of the House of Representatives (1998) Minister of Economic Affairs (2006)	Director of the Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (1989–1994)		Labour Party	Economist Civil servant Businessperson Banker Professor	2003
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Jozias van Aartsen (born 1947)	27 November 2004 – 8 March 2006 (1 year, 101 days)	56–58	Member of the House of Representatives (2002–2006) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (2003–2006)	Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries (1994–1998) Member of the House of Representatives (1998) Minister of Foreign Affairs (1998–2002) Mayor of The Hague (2008–2017) King's Commissioner of Drenthe (2017) Mayor of Amsterdam (2017–2018)				Political consultant Civil servant Nonprofit director
Vacant (8 March 2006 – 31 May 2006)
rowspan=4 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Mark Rutte (born 1967)	31 May 2006 – Incumbent (18 years, 99 days)	39–57	State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science (2004–2006) Member of the House of Representatives (2006–2010) (2012) (2017) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (2006–2010) (2012) (2017) Minister of General Affairs (since 2010) Prime Minister (since 2010)	State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment (2002–2004) Member of the House of Representatives (2003)				Businessperson Historian Teacher	2006
2010
2012
2017

Deputy Leaders

The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy doesn't have an official designated Deputy Leader in the party's hierarchy but some are given the title as an unofficial description by the media. Because of the often unofficial nature of the position, reliable sources can sometimes differ over who the deputy actually is or was.

Deputy Leader			Term of office	Position(s) as Deputy Leader	Leader(s)
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Dirk Stikker (1897–1979)	28 January 1948 – 10 July 1952 (4 years, 164 days)	Chairman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (1948) Minister of Foreign Affairs (1948–1952)	Pieter Oud
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Henk Korthals (1911–1976)	10 July 1952 – 12 January 1963 (10 years, 186 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (1945–1959) Member of the European Parliament (1958–1959) Minister for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs (1959–1963) Minister of Transport and Water Management (1959–1963) Deputy Prime Minister (1959–1963)
Not in use (12 January 1963 – 14 July 1963)
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Molly Geertsema (1918–1991)	14 July 1963 – 1 October 1969 (1 year, 273 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (1959–1971) Mayor of Wassenaar (1961–1971) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (1963–1966)	Edzo Toxopeus
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Roelof Zegering Hadders (1912–1991)	1 October 1969 – 1 July 1971 (1 year, 273 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (1948–1971)	Molly Geertsema
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Molly Geertsema (1918–1991)	1 July 1971 – 5 May 1973 (1 year, 308 days)	Minister of the Interior (1971–1973) Deputy Prime Minister (1971–1973) Minister for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs (1973) Member of the House of Representatives (1973) (1973)	Hans Wiegel
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Harm van Riel (1907–1980)	5 May 1973 – 3 June 1976 (3 years, 29 days)	Member of the Senate (1963–1976) Parliamentary leader in the Senate (1956–1976)
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Haya van Someren (1926–1980)	3 June 1976 – 12 November 1980 (†) (4 years, 162 days)	Member of the Senate (1974–1980) Parliamentary leader in the Senate (1976–1980)
Not in use (12 November 1980 – 15 December 1986)
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Dr. Rudolf de Korte (1936–2020)	15 December 1986 – 7 November 1989 (2 years, 327 days)	Minister of Economic Affairs (1986–1989) Deputy Prime Minister (1986–1989) Member of the House of Representatives (1989–1995)	Joris Voorhoeve
rowspan=3 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Loek Hermans (born 1951)	9 July 1986 – 24 September 1990 (4 years, 77 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (1977–1990)	Rudolf de Korte
Joris Voorhoeve
Frits Bolkestein
	style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Hans Dijkstal (1943–2010)	24 September 1990 – 30 July 1998 (7 years, 309 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (1986–1994) (1998–2002) Minister of the Interior (1994–1998) Deputy Prime Minister (1994–1998)
	rowspan=2 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Benk Korthals (born 1944)	22 August 1994 – 3 August 1998 (3 years, 346 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (1982–1998)
Hans Dijkstal
	rowspan=2 style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Annemarie Jorritsma (born 1950)	3 August 1998 – 30 January 2003 (4 years, 180 days)	Minister of Economic Affairs (1998–2002) Deputy Prime Minister (1998–2002) Member of the House of Representatives (2002–2003)
Gerrit Zalm
	style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Jozias van Aartsen (born 1947)	23 May 2002 – 27 November 2004 (4 years, 188 days)	Minister of Foreign Affairs (1998–2002) Member of the House of Representatives (2002–2006) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (2003–2006)
Not in use (27 November 2004 – 29 June 2006)
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Edith Schippers (born 1964)	29 June 2006 – 1 November 2012 (6 years, 125 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (2003–2010) (2012) Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport (2010–2017)	Mark Rutte
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Stef Blok (born 1964)	8 October 2010 – 1 November 2012 (2 years, 24 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (2002–2012) (2012) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (2010–2012)
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Halbe Zijlstra (born 1969)	1 November 2012 – 13 February 2018 (5 years, 74 days)	State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science (2010–2012) Member of the House of Representatives (2012–2017) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (2012–2017) (2017) Minister of Foreign Affairs (2017–2018)
style="background:Template:People's Party for Freedom and Democracy/meta/color;"|		Dr. Klaas Dijkhoff (born 1981)	25 October 2017 – Incumbent (6 years, 234 days)	Member of the House of Representatives (since 2017) Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives (since 2017)

See also

• People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

References

^{European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services and Taxation and Customs}

External links

Official

• (in Dutch) Official website