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Gathland State Park

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Coordinates: 39°24′13″N 77°38′28″W / 39.40361°N 77.64111°W / 39.40361; -77.64111
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Gathland State Park
The War Correspondents Memorial Arch at Gathland State Park
Map showing the location of Gathland State Park
Map showing the location of Gathland State Park
Location in Maryland
Map showing the location of Gathland State Park
Map showing the location of Gathland State Park
Gathland State Park (the United States)
LocationFrederick County & Washington County, Maryland, United States
Nearest townBurkittsville, Maryland
Coordinates39°24′13″N 77°38′28″W / 39.40361°N 77.64111°W / 39.40361; -77.64111[2]
Area140 acres (57 ha)[3]
Elevation961 ft (293 m)[2]
DesignationMaryland state park
Established1949
AdministratorMaryland Department of Natural Resources
WebsiteGathland State Park

Gathland State Park is a public recreation area and historic preserve located on South Mountain near Burkittsville, Maryland, in the United States. The state park occupies the former estate of war correspondent George Alfred Townsend (1841-1914), who wrote under the pen name "Gath" during the American Civil War. The estate's few remaining original structures include the War Correspondents Memorial Arch, which sits alongside the Appalachian Trail. The park is operated by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources.[4] The arch is a National Historic Monument maintained by the National Park Service.[5]

History

In 1884, Townsend acquired land in Crampton's Gap, the site of the Battle of Crampton's Gap and one of three gaps on South Mountain where the Battle of South Mountain had been fought between Union and Confederate forces in an early encounter in the Maryland Campaign. Townsend purchased the land as a retreat and immediately began designing the buildings that would become Gapland, his estate. His first project, Gapland Hall, an eleven-room house, was built in 1885. It was followed that year by Gapland Lodge, a stone servants' quarters. The large Den and Library Building with a study, library, and ten bedrooms was added in 1890; only its foundation and some fragments remain today. After Townsend's death, Gapland changed hands three times before being acquired by the Department of Forests and Parks and named as a state park in 1949.[6]

Features

Townsend's most famous and longest-lasting project was completed in 1896: the War Correspondents Memorial Arch. It was the first monument in the world dedicated to journalists killed in combat; several similarly dedicated memorials have been raised since.[7]

Renovated in 1958, Gapland Hall is the park's visitors center and a museum for George Alfred Townsend ("Gath"), while Gapland Lodge has a museum depicting the battle at Crampton's Gap, which was fought just before the battle at Antietam.[4]

Visitors can also see the remnants of a mausoleum built for Townsend in 1895 but never used. Originally topped with the figure of a large bronze dog, only the chamber remains, the words "Good Night Gath" inscribed on its marble lintel.[6]

The park also hosts Civil War encampments and interactive "living history" weekends that demonstrate life in the 19th century.

References

  1. ^ "Gathland State Park". Protected Planet. IUCN. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Gathland State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  3. ^ "DNR Lands Acreage" (PDF). Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Gathland State Park". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
  5. ^ "War Correspondent's Arch and Museum". Gathland State Park. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  6. ^ a b "History". Gathland State Park. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
  7. ^ A tree in Arlington National Cemetery was dedicated as a war correspondents' memorial in 1986 (see War Correspondents Memorial Arlington National Cemetery). Two other prominent U.S. monuments broadly commemorating journalists killed in combat or otherwise in the line of duty are the Overseas Press Club Memorial Press Center building in New York City which was dedicated in 1954 (see President Dwight D. Eisenhower: Remarks Recorded for the Dedication of the Memorial Press Center) and the Journalists Memorial at the Newseum in Washington, D.C.. A Journalists Memorial with a similar broad dedication and purportedly the first of its kind in Europe was inaugurated by Reporters Without Borders in Bayeux, France in 2007 (see The French town of Bayeux and Reporters Without Borders inaugurate a journalists memorial on the eve of World Freedom Day Archived 2014-01-09 at the Wayback Machine).
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