Environmental pricing reform
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Environmental pricing reform (EPR) is the process of adjusting market prices to include environmental costs and benefits.[1]
An externality (a type of market failure) exists where a market price omits environmental costs and/or benefits. In such a situation, rational (self-interested) economic decisions can lead to environmental harm, as well as to economic distortions and inefficiencies.[2]
Environmental pricing reform can be economy-wide, or more focused (e.g. specific to a sector (such as electric power generation or mining) or a particular environmental issue (such as climate change). A "market-based instrument" or "economic instrument for environmental protection" is an individual instance of Environmental Pricing Reform. Examples include green tax-shifting (ecotaxation), tradeable pollution permits, or the creation of markets for ecological services.
A similar term, "ecological fiscal reform" differs in more narrowly dealing with fiscal (i.e. tax) policies as opposed to using non-fiscal regulations to achieve the government's environmental goals.[3]
See also
References
- ^ Thompson, David (May 2010). "The Power of Prices and the Failure of Markets" (PDF). The Edmonton Sustainability Papers. City of Edmonton. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
- ^ Mankiw, Gregory N. (2012). Principles of Economics (6th ed.). Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. pp. 196.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Beauregard-Tellier, Frédéric (17 March 2006). "Ecological Fiscal Reform". Parliament of Canada. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
External links
- Redefining Progress
- Sustainable Prosperity
- Green Budget Germany
- OECD/EEA database on instruments used for environmental policy and natural resources management
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