Radeon 200 series
 | |
| Release date | Announced: September 25, 2013 Released: October 8, 2013 |
|---|---|
| Codename | Southern Islands Sea Islands Volcanic Islands |
| Cards | |
| Entry-level | Radeon R5 210 Radeon R5 220 Radeon R5 230 Radeon R5 235 Radeon R5 235X |
| Mid-range | Radeon R7 240 Radeon R7 250 Radeon R7 250X Radeon R7 260 Radeon R7 260X Radeon R7 265 |
| High-end | Radeon R9 270 Radeon R9 270X Radeon R9 280 Radeon R9 280X Radeon R9 285 |
| Enthusiast | Radeon R9 290 Radeon R9 290X Radeon R9 295X2 |
| API support | |
| DirectX | (GCN only) |
| OpenCL | OpenCL 2.0 |
| OpenGL | 4.4, GCN: OpenGL 4.5[1] |
| Mantle | Vulkan 1.0 |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Radeon HD 7000 Series Radeon HD 8000 Series |
| Successor | AMD Radeon Rx 300 Series |
The Rx 200 series is a family of GPUs developed by AMD. A "preview" was seen on September 25, 2013.[2][3][4] These GPUs are manufactured on a 28 nm Gate-Last process through TSMC or Common Platform Alliance.[5]
Release
The Rx 200 series was announced on September 25, 2013, at the AMD GPU14 Tech Day event.[6] Non-disclosure agreements were lifted on October 15, except for the R9 290X, and pre-orders opened on October 3.[7]
Architecture
This article is about all products under the AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series brand.
- A GPU implementing Graphics Core Next 3 (Volcanic Islands) is found on the R9 285 (Tonga Pro) branded products.
- A GPU implementing Graphics Core Next 2 (Sea Islands) is found on R7 260 (Bonaire), R7 260X (Bonaire XTX), R9 290 (Hawaii Pro), R9 290X (Hawaii XT), and R9 295X2 (Vesuvius) branded products.
- A GPU implementing Graphics Core Next 1 (Southern Islands) is found on R9 270, 270X, 280, 280X, R7 240, 250, 250X, 265, and R5 240 branded products.
- A GPU implementing TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) (Northern Islands or Evergreen) is found on R5 235X and "below" branded products.
Multi-monitor support
The AMD Eyefinity-branded on-die display controllers were introduced in September 2009 in the Radeon HD 5000 Series and have been present in all products since.[8]
AMD TrueAudio
AMD TrueAudio was introduced with the AMD Radeon Rx 200 Series, but can only be found on the dies of GCN 2/3 products.
Video acceleration
AMD's SIP core for video acceleration, Unified Video Decoder and Video Coding Engine, are found on all GPUs and supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver.
Use in cryptocurrency mining
Radeon GPUs once performed better in cryptocurrency mining than their Nvidia GeForce counterparts. This led to limited supply and huge price increases in Q4 of 2013 and Q1 of 2014.[9][10] Since Q2 of 2014 availability of AMD GPUs as well as pricing has, in most cases, returned to normal.
CrossFire Compatibility
Because many of the products in the range are rebadged versions of Radeon HD products, they remain compatible with the original versions when used in CrossFire mode. For example, the Radeon HD 7770 and Radeon R7 250X both use the 'Cape Verde XT' chip so have identical specifications and will work in CrossFire mode. This provides a useful upgrade option for anyone who owns an existing Radeon HD card and has a CrossFire compatible motherboard.
Desktop products
Radeon R9 295X2
The Radeon R9 295X2 was released on April 21, 2014. It is a dual GPU card. Press samples were shipped in a metal case. It is the first reference card to utilize a closed looped liquid cooler.[11][12] At 11.5 teraflops of computing power, the R9 295X2 was the most powerful dual-gpu consumer-oriented card in the world, until it was succeeded by the Radeon Pro Duo on April 26, 2016. It is essentially a combination of two (2) R9 290X Hawai'i GPUs on a single card.[11]
Radeon R9 290X
The Radeon R9 290X, codename "Hawaii XT", was released on October 24, 2013 and features 2816 Stream Processors, 176 TMUs, 64 ROPs, 512-bit wide buses, 44 CUs (compute units) and 8 ACE units. The R9 290X had a launch price of $549.
Radeon R9 290
The Radeon R9 290 and R9 290X were announced on September 25, 2013.[13][14] The R9 290 is based on AMD's Hawaii Pro chip and R9 290X on Hawaii XT. R9 290 and R9 290X will support AMD TrueAudio, Mantle, Direct3D 11.2, and bridge-free Crossfire technology using XDMA. A limited "Battlefield 4 Edition" pre-order bundle of R9 290X that includes Battlefield 4 was available on October 3, 2013, with reported quantity being 8,000. The R9 290 had a launch price of $399.
Radeon R9 285
The Radeon R9 285 was announced on August 23, 2014 at AMD's 30 years of graphics celebration and released September 2, 2014. It was the first card to feature AMD's GCN 3 microarchitecture, in the form of a Tonga-series GPU.
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 280X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $299, it is based on the Tahiti XTL chip, being a slightly upgraded, rebranded Radeon HD 7970 GHz Edition.
Radeon R9 280
Radeon R9 280 was announced on March 4, 2014. With a launch MSRP set at $279, it is based on a rebranded Radeon HD 7950 with an increased clock speed, from 725 MHz to 900 MHz.[15]
Radeon R9 270X
Radeon R9 270X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $199, it is based on the Curaçao XT chip, which was formerly called Pitcairn.[16] It is speculated to be faster than a Radeon HD 7870 GHz edition. Radeon R9 270 has a launch price of $179.
Radeon R7 260X
Radeon R7 260X was announced on September 25, 2013. With a launch price of $139, it is based on the Bonaire XTX chip, a faster iteration of Bonaire XT that the Radeon HD 7790 is based on. It will have 2 GB of GDDR5 memory as standard and will also feature TrueAudio, on-chip audio DSP based on Tensilica HiFi EP architecture. The stock card features a boost clock of 1100 MHz. It has 2 Gbs of GDDR5 memory with a 6.5 GHz memory clock over a 128-bit Interface. The 260X will draw around 115 W in typical use.[17][18]
Radeon R7 250
Radeon R7 250 was announced on September 25, 2013. It has a launch price of $89.[17] The card is based on the Oland core with 384 GCN cores. In February 10, 2014, AMD announced the R7 250X which is based on the Cape Verde GPU with 640 GCN cores and an MSRP of $99.[19]
Mobile products
Chipset table
| Model (codename) |
Release Date & Price |
Architecture & Fab |
Transistors & Die Size |
Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) |
Memory | TBP | Bus interface | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Config[e] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Single | Double | Size (MiB) | Bus type & width |
Clock (MT/s) | Band- width (GB/s) | ||||||
| Radeon R5 220[20] (Caicos Pro) |
December 21, 2013 OEM |
Terascale 2[f] 40 nm |
370×106 67 mm2 |
80:8:4 | 625 650 |
5 | 2.5 | 200 | — | 1024 | DDR3 64-bit |
1066 | 8.53 | 18 W | PCIe 2.1 ×16 |
| Radeon R5 230[21] (Caicos Pro) |
April 3, 2014[22] ? |
160:8:4 | 625 | 5 | 2.5 | 200 | — | 1024 2048 |
DDR3 64-bit |
1066 | 8.53 | 19 W[23] | |||
| Radeon R5 235[20] (Caicos XT) |
December 21, 2013 OEM |
160:8:4 | 775 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 248 | — | 1024 | DDR3 64-bit |
1800 | 14.4 | 35 W[24] | |||
| Radeon R5 235X[20] (Caicos XT) |
December 21, 2013 OEM |
160:8:4 | 875 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 280 | — | 1024 | DDR3 64-bit |
1800 | 14.4 | 18 W | |||
| Radeon R5 240[20] (Oland) |
November 1, 2013[25] OEM |
GCN 1st gen 28 nm |
1040×106 90 mm2 |
384:24:8 | 730 780 |
14.6 | 5.84 | 560.6 599 |
29.2 | 1024 2048 |
DDR3 GDDR3 64-bit |
1800 2000 |
14.4 16.0 |
30 W | PCIe 3.0 ×8 |
| Radeon R7 240[26] (Oland Pro) |
August 8, 2013 US $69 |
320:20:8 | 730 780 |
14.6 | 5.84 | 467.2 499.2 |
29.2 | 2048 4096 |
DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit |
1800 4500 |
28.8 72 |
30 W, <45 W (4 GB)[27] | |||
| Radeon R7 250[26] (Oland XT) |
August 8, 2013 US $89 |
384:24:8 | 1000 (1050) |
24 | 8 | 768 806.4 |
48 | 1024 2048 |
DDR3 GDDR5 128-bit |
1800 4600 |
28.8 73.6 |
75 W | |||
| Radeon R7 250E[28] (Cape Verde Pro) |
December 21, 2013 US $109 |
1500×106 123 mm2 |
512:32:16 | 800 | 25.6 | 12.8 | 819.2 | 51.2 | 1024 2048 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
4500 | 72 | 55 W | PCIe 3.0 ×16 | |
| Radeon R7 250X[26] (Cape Verde XT) |
February 10, 2014 US $99 |
640:40:16 | 1000 | 40 | 16 | 1280 | 80 | 1024 2048 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
4500 | 72 | 95 W | |||
| Radeon R7 260[26] (Bonaire) |
December 17, 2013 US $109 |
GCN 2nd gen 28 nm |
2080×106 160 mm2 |
768:48:16 | 1000 | 48 | 16 | 1536 | 96 | 1024 | GDDR5 128-bit |
6000 | 96 | 95 W | |
| Radeon R7 260X[26] (Bonaire XTX) |
August 8, 2013 US $139 |
896:56:16 | 1100 | 61.6 | 17.6 | 1971.2 | 123.2 | 1024 2048 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
6500 | 104 | 115 W | |||
| Radeon R7 265[26] (Pitcairn Pro) |
February 13, 2014 US $149 |
GCN 1st gen 28 nm |
2800×106 212 mm2 |
1024:64:32 | 900 925 |
57.6 | 28.8 | 1843.2 | 115.2 | 2048 | GDDR5 256-bit |
5600 | 179.2 | 150 W | |
| Radeon R9 270[29] (Pitcairn XT) |
November 13, 2013 US $179 |
1280:80:32 | 900 925 |
72 | 28.8 | 2304 2368 |
144 148 |
2048 | GDDR5 256-bit |
5600 | 179.2 | 150 W | |||
| Radeon R9 270X[29] (Pitcairn XT) |
August 8, 2013 US $199 |
1280:80:32 | 1000 1050 |
80 | 32 | 2560 2688 |
160 168 |
2048 4096 |
GDDR5 256-bit |
5600 | 179.2 | 180 W | |||
| Radeon R9 280[29] (Tahiti Pro) |
March 4, 2014 US $249 |
4313×106 352 mm2 |
1792:112:32 | 827 933 |
92.6 | 26.5 | 2964 3343.9 |
741 836 |
3072 | GDDR5 384-bit |
5000 | 240 | 250 W | ||
| Radeon R9 280X[29] (Tahiti XTL)[30] |
August 8, 2013 US $299 |
2048:128:32 | 850 1000 |
109–128 | 27.2–32 | 3481.6 4096 |
870.4 1024 |
3072 | GDDR5 384-bit |
6000 | 288 | 250 W | |||
| Radeon R9 285[29] (Tonga Pro) |
September 2, 2014 US $249 |
GCN 3rd gen 28 nm |
5000×106 359 mm2 [31] |
1792:112:32 | 918 | 102.8 | 29.4 | 3290 | 206.6[32] | 2048 | GDDR5 256-bit |
5500 | 176[g] | 190 W | |
| Radeon R9 285X (Tonga XT) |
Unreleased [34] | 2048:128:32 | 1002 | 128.3 | 32.1 | 4104 | 256.5 | 3072 | GDDR5 384-bit |
5500 | 264 | 200 W | |||
| Radeon R9 290[29] (Hawaii Pro) |
November 5, 2013 US $399 |
GCN 2nd gen 28 nm |
6200×106 438 mm2 [35] |
2560:160:64 | up to 947[h] | 151.52 | 60.608 | 4848.6 | 606.1 | 4096 | GDDR5 512-bit |
5000 | 320 | 250 W[37] | |
| Radeon R9 290X[29] (Hawaii XT) |
October 24, 2013 November 6, 2014[38] US $549 |
2816:176:64 | 1000[h] | 176 | 64 | 5632 | 704 | 4096 8192 |
GDDR5 512-bit |
5000 | 320 | 250 W[37] | |||
| Radeon R9 295X2[29][39] (Vesuvius) |
April 8, 2014 US $1499 |
2× 6200×106 2× 438 mm2 |
2× 2816:176:64 | 1018 | 358.33 | 130.3 | 11466.75 | 1433.34 | 2× 4096 | GDDR5 512-bit |
5000 | 2× 320 | 500 W | ||
| Model (codename) |
Release Date & Price |
Architecture & Fab |
Transistors & Die Size |
Config[e] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Single | Double | Size (MiB) | Bus type & width |
Clock (MT/s) | Band- width (GB/s) |
TBP | Bus interface |
| Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) |
Memory | ||||||||||||
- ^ a b c d e f Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
- ^ a b Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ a b Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ a b Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
- ^ a b Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
- ^ Lacks hardware video encoder
- ^ The R9 285 utilizes loss-less colour compression which can increase effective memory performance (relative to GCN 1st gen and 2nd gen cards) in certain situations.[31][33]
- ^ a b Base clock of R9 290 and R9 290X will maintain at 947 MHz and 1000 MHz before reaching 95 °C, respectively.[36]
| Model (Codename) |
Launch | Architecture (Fab) |
Core | Fillrate[a][b][c] | Processing power[a][d] (GFLOPS) |
Memory | TDP | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Config[e] | Clock[a] (MHz) | Texture (GT/s) | Pixel (GP/s) | Size (GiB) | Bus type & width |
Clock (MT/s) | Band- width (GB/s) | |||||
| Radeon R5 M230 (Jet Pro) |
January 2014 | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) |
320:20:8:5 | 780 855 |
3.4 | 17.1 | 547 | 2 4 |
DDR3 64-bit |
2000 | 16 | Unknown |
| Radeon R5 M255 (Jet Pro) |
June 2014 | 320:20:8:5 | 925 940 |
7.5 | 18.8 | 601 | 2 4 |
DDR3 64-bit |
2000 | 16 | Unknown | |
| Radeon R7 M260 (Topaz) |
June 2014 | 384:24:8:6 | 620 980 |
5.7 7.8 |
17.2 23.5 |
549.1 752.6 |
2 4 |
DDR3 64-bit |
1800 2000 |
14.4 16 |
Unknown | |
| Radeon R7 M260X (Opal) |
June 2014 | 384:24:8:6 | 620 715 |
5.7 | 17.2 | 549 | 2 4 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
4000 | 64 | Unknown | |
| Radeon R7 M265 (Opal XT) |
May 2014 | 384:24:8:6 | 725 825 |
6.6 | 19.8 | 633.6 | 2 4 |
DDR3 64-bit |
1800 2000 |
14.4 16 |
Unknown | |
| Radeon R9 M265X (Venus Pro) |
May 2014 | 640:40:16:10 | 575 625 |
10 | 25 | 800 | 2 4 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
4500 | 72 | Unknown | |
| Radeon R9 M270X (Venus XT) |
May 2014 | 640:40:16:10 | 725 775 |
12.4 | 31 | 992 | 2 4 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
4500 | 72 | Unknown | |
| Radeon R9 M275X (Venus XTX) |
May 2014 | 640:40:16:10 | 900 925 |
14.8 | 37 | 1184 | 2 4 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
4500 | 72 | 50 W | |
| Radeon R9 M280X (Saturn XT) |
February 2015 | GCN 2nd gen (28 nm) |
896:56:16:14 | 1000 1100 |
17.6 | 61.6 | 1792 | 2 4 |
GDDR5 128-bit |
6000 | 96 | ~75 W |
| Radeon R9 M290X (Neptune XT) |
May 2014 | GCN 1st gen (28 nm) |
1280:80:32:20 | 850 900 |
28.8 | 72 | 2176 2304 |
4 | GDDR5 256-bit |
4800 | 153.6 | 100 W |
| Radeon R9 M295X (Amethyst XT) |
November 2014 | GCN 3rd gen (28 nm) |
2048:128:32:32 | 750 800 |
25.6 | 102.4 | 3276.8 | 4 | GDDR5 256-bit |
5500 | 176 | 250 W |
- ^ a b c Boost values (if available) are stated below the base value in italic.
- ^ Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of Render Output Units multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
- ^ Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
- ^ Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
Graphics device drivers
AMD's proprietary graphics device driver "Catalyst"
AMD Catalyst is being developed for Microsoft Windows and Linux. As of July 2014, other operating system are not officially supported. This may be different for the AMD FirePro brand, which is based on identical hardware but features OpenGL-certified graphics device drivers.
AMD Catalyst supports of course all features advertised for the Radeon brand.
Free and open-source graphics device driver "Radeon"
The free and open-source drivers are primarily developed on Linux and for Linux, but have been ported to other operating systems as well. Each driver is composed out of five parts:
- Linux kernel component DRM
- Linux kernel component KMS driver: basically the device driver for the display controller
- user-space component libDRM
- user-space component in Mesa 3D;
- a special and distinct 2D graphics device driver for X.Org Server, which if finally about to be replaced by Glamor
The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics driver supports most of the features implemented into the Radeon line of GPUs.[40] Unlike the nouveau project for Nvidia graphics cards, the open-source "Radeon" drivers are not reverse engineered, but based on documentation released by AMD.[41]
See also
References
- ^ http://www.techpowerup.com/200081/amd-catalyst-14-4-rc-available-for-download.html Full support for OpenGL 4.4
- ^ Iyer, Tarun (July 4, 2013). "Report: AMD's Volcanic Islands GPUs Launching in October Without HD 8000 Branding". tomshardware.com. tom's Hardware. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ "AMD's Next Generation Volcanic Islands GPUs Possibly Launching in October - May Not Be Branded As HD 8000 Series". WCCFtech.
- ^ Niels Broekhuijsen. "AMD Updates 2014-2015 Product Roadmap [UPDATED]". Tom's Hardware.
- ^ "AMD Launches Next Generation Volcanic Islands (VI) GPUs in 2014 - Successor to Sea Islands". WCCFtech.
- ^ Ryan Smith. "AMD Announces Next Generation Radeon R7 and R9 Video Cards". anandtech.com.
- ^ Sebastian Pop (30 September 2013). "Launch Date Revealed for AMD Radeon R9 290X Hawaii Graphics Card". softpedia.
- ^ "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 2011-05-17. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
- ^ Ryan Smith. "Radeon R9 290X Retail Prices Hit $900". anandtech.com.
- ^ "AMD graphics card pricing skyrockets due to cryptocurrency mining, could kill AMD's gaming efforts". ExtremeTech.
- ^ a b AMD Radeon R9 Series Graphics Archived April 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ryan Smith. "Meet the Radeon R9 295X2: Cooling & Power Delivery - The AMD Radeon R9 295X2 Review". anandtech.com.
- ^ "What to expect from GPU14 event in Hawaii". Retrieved 25 September 2013.
- ^ "AMD GPU Lineup Announced: R9 and R7 Series". pcper.com.
- ^ Ryan Smith. "AMD Announces Radeon R9 280: Radeon HD 7950 w/Boost Returns". anandtech.com.
- ^ Woligroski, Don. "AMD Radeon R9 270 Review: Replacing The Radeon HD 7800s". TomsHardware.com. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ a b "AMD Releases R7 Series Graphics Cards With AMD Radeon R7 240, AMD Radeon R7 250 and AMD Radeon R7 260X GPUs". Advanced Micro Devices. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ Ung, Gordon Mah (8 October 2013). "Everything You Wanted to Know About AMD's New TrueAudio Technology". maximumpc. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Ryan Smith. "AMD Announces Radeon R7 250X; Shipping Today". anandtech.com.
- ^ a b c d "Radeon R5 Series Graphics Cards | OEM | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 2017-03-13.
- ^ "Radeon R5 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
- ^ btarunr (3 April 2014). "AMD Launches Radeon R5 230 in the Retail Channel, Gigabyte Outs its Offering". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
- ^ Wiles, Debbie (4 April 2014). "AMD Launches Radeon R5 230 for Retail Market". CPU-World.com. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
- ^ "AMD Radeon R5 235 OEM". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- ^ "AMD Radeon R5 240 OEM". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "Radeon R7 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "AMD Radeon R7 250E". TechPowerUp. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Radeon R9 Series Graphics Cards | AMD". www.amd.com. Retrieved 2017-02-19.
- ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (26 October 2013). "AMD Preparing Tahiti XTL Revision of Radeon R9 280X Graphic Card for November Release". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ a b Sandhu, Tarinder (2 September 2014). "Review: Sapphire Radeon R9 285 Dual-X OC (28nm Tonga)". Hexus. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
- ^ Smith, Ryan (10 September 2014). "AMD Radeon R9 285 Review: Feat. Sapphire R9 285 Dual-X OC". AnandTech. Purch Group. p. 17. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
- ^ Hruska, Joel (2 September 2014). "AMD Radeon R9 285 review: The GCN 3rd gen Torpedo that Takes out Nvidia's GTX 760". ExtremeTech. Ziff Davis. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
- ^ "AMD Radeon R9 285X spotted". Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ Smith, Ryan (24 October 2013). "The AMD Radeon R9 290X Review". AnandTech. Purch Group. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ^ Angelini, Chris (5 November 2013). "AMD Radeon R9 290 Review: Fast and $400, But is it Consistent?". Tom's Hardware. Purch Group. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ a b Moammer, Khalid (21 June 2015). "AMD R9 Nano Performance Indirectly Revealed – More Compute Power than a Titan X". WCCFtech.com. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
- ^ Gareth, Halfacree (6 November 2014). "AMD board partners launch R9 290X 8GB models". bit-tech.net. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
- ^ Shilov, Anton (4 April 2014). "AMD Radeon R9 295 X2: Final Specs Out, Card may not Fit into All PCs". KitGuru. Korona Solutions. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
- ^ "RadeonFeature". Xorg.freedesktop.org. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- ^ "AMD Developer Guides".