Astra 2D
| Operator | SES Astra SES S.A. |
|---|---|
| COSPAR ID | 2000-081A |
| SATCAT no. | 26638 |
| Mission duration | 12 years[1] |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Bus | HS-376 |
| Manufacturer | Hughes |
| Launch mass | 1,420 kilograms (3,130 lb) |
| BOL mass | 824 kilograms (1,817 lb) |
| Power | 1,600 watts |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 19 December 2000 |
| Rocket | Ariane 5G V138 |
| Launch site | Kourou ELA-3 |
| Contractor | Arianespace |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Geosynchronous |
| Longitude | 24°E (2001, testing) 28.2°E (2001-2015) 5.2°E (2015) 57°E (2015-) |
| Slot | Astra 28.2°E (2001-2015) |
| Perigee altitude | 35,788 kilometres (22,238 mi)[2] |
| Apogee altitude | 35,797 kilometres (22,243 mi)[2] |
| Inclination | 1.96 degrees[2] |
| Period | 1436.11 minutes[2] |
| Epoch | 25 January 2015, 05:01:56 UTC[2] |
| Transponders | |
| Band | 16 Ku band |
| Bandwidth | 26 MHz |
| TWTA power | 39 watts |
| EIRP | 53 |
Astra 2D is one of the Astra communications satellites owned and operated by SES, and located at 28.2° east in the Clarke Belt till June 2015. It is a Hughes HS-376 craft, and was launched from the Guiana Space Centre in December 2000 to join Astra 2A and Astra 2B at 28.2°E, where it remained for its active life.
As of February 2013, Astra 2D has carried no regularly active transponders.[3]
In service
While active, most of Astra 2D's transponders were used to provide television channels available on the Sky Digital satellite service to both Ireland and the United Kingdom, as well as the non-subscription service, Freesat. Provision of rights-sensitive broadcasts Free to air was made possible by the satellite's beam that was tightly focused on Ireland and the United Kingdom. However, surrounding countries had the ability to pick up the signal (dependent on suitably sized satellite dishes) and so could still access Freesat from outside the UK. Some channels on 2D were encrypted with Videoguard (a proprietary encryption method by the NDS Group) and only Sky Digiboxes with valid cards, or standard hardware with non-approved (with respect to the Sky/NDS end-user contract) "Dragon", or "T-Rex" conditional-access module can decode these channels.
The BBC broadcast all of its domestic television channels (including BBC HD and the regional variations) from the Astra 2D satellite, except the BBC News Channel and BBC Parliament which broadcast from Astra 2A. All domestic BBC channels have been free to air since 29 July 2003.
ITV also broadcast all its television channels (including regional variations of ITV1, and STV and UTV) from the Astra 2D satellite. All ITV channels have been free to air from 1 November 2005, although some regions reverted to Free-To-View encryption in 2008 when their lease on one 2D transponder could not be renewed.
Channel 4 broadcast most of its channels free to air from this satellite, including Channel 4, Channel 4+1, E4, More4 and Film4 along with their timeshift variants. All were unencrypted apart from the feeds of Channel 4, Channel 4+1, E4 and E4+1 intended for viewers in Ireland, which remain encrypted.
From November 2008, Five began to transmit free to air for the first time on Astra 2D, using borrowed space on a BBC transponder, allowing the channel to join Freesat.
End of service
With a projected lifetime of 12 years, Astra 2D was expected to leave regular operational service towards the end of 2012 or the beginning of 2013 and so the Astra 1N satellite, designed for operation at Astra 19.2°E and launched in August 2011, was initially positioned at 28.2°E to temporarily replace Astra 2D until the start of service of its long-term replacement, Astra 2F, which was launched in September 2012.[4]
Astra 1N started commercial service at 28.2°E in October 2011[5] with transponder testing in October and November. Channels on Astra 2D started to transfer to Astra 1N in December with Channel 5 (plus 5* and 5USA), the Channel 4 family and ITV channels all moving to the new satellite over the next two months. On 24 February 2012 the last remaining channels on Astra 2D (the BBC channels) switched off and started transmission from Astra 1N.[6]
Until June 2015, Astra 2D remained in position at 28.2°E, with no transponder activity.[7] It was then moved and positioned at Astra 5°E in July 2015.[8] In October 2015, Astra 2D was moved to 57°E alongside NSS-12.[9]
See also
- Astra 2A
- Astra 2B
- Astra 2C
- Astra 2E
- Astra 2F
- Astra 2G
- Astra 28.2°E orbital position
- Astra 5°E orbital position
References
- ^ http://www.ses.com/4233325/news/1999/4426264
- ^ a b c d e "ASTRA 2D Satellite details 2000-081A NORAD 26638". N2YO. 25 January 2015. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
- ^ Astra 2D at 28.2°E on lyngsat.com Accessed 15 February 2013
- ^ "Ariane 5 launches Astra 2F" (Press release). Astrium. 30 September 2012. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013.
{{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "New SES Satellite ASTRA 1N Operational" (Press release). SES. 24 October 2011.
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/2012/02/changes-to-bbc-services-on-sat.shtml
- ^ Astra 2D in SES fleet information Accessed 3 June 2013
- ^ Real Time Satellite Tracking And Predictions Accessed July 22, 2015
- ^ Geostationary Satellites Accessed December 27, 2015
External links
- OnAstra - Official consumers/viewers' site
- Astra 2D Ku-band UK/Ireland Beam footprint(s) at SatBeams
- SES guide to receiving Astra satellites
- SES guide to channels broadcasting on Astra satellites