August 1903
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The following events occurred in August 1903:
August 1, 1903 (Saturday)
- Polish Cardinal Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko issues a veto (jus exclusivae) against the nomination of the front runner, Cardinal Mariano Rampolla, in the name of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria. The veto is refused, but Rampolla loses some of his support.
- Died: Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary), frontierswoman and professional scout, 51 (alcohol-related inflammation of the bowel and/or pneumonia)[1]
August 2, 1903 (Sunday)
- The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, organized by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, breaks out in the Ottoman provinces of Macedonia and Adrianople.
- Pittencrieff Park in Dunfermline, Scotland, is gifted to the people of the town by Dunfermline native Andrew Carnegie.[2]
- The US schooner Tennie and Laura capsizes and sinks in Lake Michigan, 9 nautical miles (17 km) off Port Washington, Wisconsin. One of the two crew members is killed.
August 3, 1903 (Monday)
- Born:
- Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian lawyer and politician, President of Tunisia 1957-1987, in Monastir (d. 2000)
- Fahri Korutürk, Turkish naval officer and politician, President of Turkey 1973-80, in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (d. 1987)
August 4, 1903 (Tuesday)
- After five rounds of voting by the papal conclave, Pope Pius X (Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto) succeeds Pope Leo XIII, becoming the 257th pope.[3]
- Born: Helen Kane, US singer, in New York City (died 1966)
August 5, 1903 (Wednesday)
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August 6, 1903 (Thursday)
- The 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, presided over by Lenin, is forced by police action to relocate from Brussels, Belgium, to London, UK.[4]
August 7, 1903 (Friday)
- Born: Louis Leakey, Kenyan paleoanthropologist and archaeologist, in Kabete, East Africa Protectorate (died 1972)
August 8, 1903 (Saturday)
- During a Philadelphia Phillies home match at Baker Bowl a balcony collapses, killing four people and injuring many more.[5] The Phillies temporarily move to Columbia Park pending repairs.[6]
August 9, 1903 (Sunday)
- At his coronation ceremony, Pope Pius X shocks his entourage by wearing a simple pectoral cross made of gilded metal, which he says is the only one he owns.[7]
August 10, 1903 (Monday)
- Paris Métro train fire: After several attempts to extinguish a fire on the wooden-bodied Train 43-52, the flames get out of control and 84 people are killed, most at Couronnes station.
- The Oseberg Ship, a 9th-century Viking ship, is discovered in a large burial mound at a farm near Tønsberg, Vestfold, Norway.[8]
August 11, 1903 (Tuesday)
- A hurricane strikes Jamaica, devastating the island's northern shore and wrecking several ships. Between 65 and 90 people are killed.[9]
- Two people are killed when an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 strikes Kythera, Greece[10][11]
- Died: Eugenio María de Hostos, 64, Puerto Rican lawyer, philosopher and campaigner[12]
August 12, 1903 (Wednesday)
- The hurricane that struck Jamaica on August 11 reaches the Cayman Islands, destroying 200 homes and seven churches on Grand Cayman alone.[13]
August 13, 1903 (Thursday)
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August 14, 1903 (Friday)
- The Land Purchase (Ireland) Act is passed in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, encouraging landlords to sell their Irish estates to tenants.[14]
August 15, 1903 (Saturday)
- The post of Commanding General of the United States Army is replaced by that of Chief of Staff of the Army; Samuel B. M. Young is the first to take the new title.
August 16, 1903 (Sunday)
- The hurricane that has already devastated Jamaica dissipates over San Luis Potosí, Mexico, where it causes significant flooding in the area between Tampico and Cárdenas.[15]
August 17, 1903 (Monday)
- The Great Western Railway is the first British railway company to operate its own road motor services when it begins running buses between Helston and The Lizard in Cornwall.[16]
August 18, 1903 (Tuesday)
- German inventor Karl Jatho gets his motorized heavier-than-air aircraft up to 200 feet (60 m) above the ground.[17]
August 19, 1903 (Wednesday)
- Born: James Gould Cozzens, US novelist, in Chicago (died 1978)
August 20, 1903 (Thursday)
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August 21, 1903 (Friday)
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August 22, 1903 (Saturday)
- Died: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, 73, three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
August 23, 1903 (Sunday)
- The Australian screw steamer Narara catches fire at her moorings at Sackville, New South Wales, Australia, and is scuttled. The ship was later refloated, repaired, and returned to service.
August 24, 1903 (Monday)
- Laurence Doherty defeats William Clothier 6–3, 6–2, 6–3 in the Final of the U.S. Men's National Singles Championship, which took place a day late because of rain the previous day.[18]
- Born: Graham Sutherland, English artist, in Streatham (died 1980)
August 25, 1903 (Tuesday)
- The Judiciary Act is passed in the Australian parliament, regulating the structure of Australia's judicial system and conferring jurisdiction on Australian federal courts.[19]
August 26, 1903 (Wednesday)
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August 27, 1903 (Thursday)
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August 28, 1903 (Friday)
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August 29, 1903 (Saturday)
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August 30, 1903 (Sunday)
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August 31, 1903 (Monday)
- Born: Arthur Godfrey, US broadcaster, in Manhattan (died 1983
References
- ^ Straub, Patrick (10 November 2009). It Happened in South Dakota: Remarkable Events That Shaped History. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7627-6171-5.
- ^ "Mr. Carnegie And Dunfermline". The Times. No. 37153. London. 1903-08-07. p. 10.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Krupskaya, Reminiscences of Lenin
- ^ "Grand Stand Falls; 4 Killed, 125 Injured" (PDF). New York Times. August 9, 1903.
- ^ Macht, Norman L.; Connie Mack, III (2007). Connie Mack and the Early Years of Baseball. University of Nebraska Press. p. 316. ISBN 0-8032-3263-2. Retrieved May 22, 2009.
- ^ Avella, Steven M; Zalar, Jeffrey (Fall 1997), "Sanctity in the Era of Catholic Action: The Case of St. Pius X", Catholic Historian, vol. 15, no. 4 (Spirituality and Devotionalism ed.), US, pp. 57–80
- ^ Durham, Keith. Noon, Steve. (2002). Viking Longship Osprey Publishing ISBN 1-84176-349-7
- ^ "Ninety Lives Lost in Jamaica Storm". Los Angeles Herald-Express. Washington, D.C. September 18, 1903. Retrieved May 17, 2016 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
- ^ "Centennial Earthquake Catalog". United States Geological Survey. August 11, 1903. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
- ^ "Significant Earthquake GREECE: MITATA (KYTHERA)". National Geophysical Data Center. August 11, 1903. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
- ^ Sánchez, Luis Alberto. "Eugenio María de Hostos". Escritores representativos de América. Madrid: Gredos 2 (1963): 147–54
- ^ Jose F. Partagas (1997). Year 1903 (PDF). Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 48–52. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
- ^ Miller, David W.: Church, State and Nation in Ireland 1898–1921 Land for the People pp.77–94, Gill & Macmillan (1973) ISBN 0-7171-0645-4
- ^ "Storm's Work in Mexico". The New York Times. Austin, Texas. August 22, 1903. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- ^ Cummings, John (1980). Railway Motor Buses and Bus Services in the British Isles 1902-1933, volume 2. Oxford: Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-050-5.
- ^ "The Pioneers : An Anthology : Karl Jatho (1873–1933)". Retrieved 6 August 2016.
- ^ "Tennis Final Postponed" (PDF). The New York Times. August 26, 1903.
- ^ ALRC Report 92: A Review of the Judiciary Act 1903 and Related Legislation[permanent dead link] – Australian Law Reform Commission Review (July 2001)