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Banjska attack

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Banjska attack
Part of 2022–present North Kosovo crisis

The konak of the Banjska Monastery
Date24 September 2023
Location
Banjska, Kosovo
Result

Kosovar victory[2]

Belligerents
 Kosovo Serbian militants
Supported by:
 Serbia
(claimed by Kosovo)[1]
Commanders and leaders
Vjosa Osmani
Kosovo Albin Kurti
Kosovo Xhelal Sveçla
Gazmend Hoxha
Fehmi Hoti
Amir Gërguri		 Milan Radoičić (WIA)[9][10][11]
Stefan Nedeljković †[12]
Units involved

Kosovo Police

Civilna Zaštita[13]
Severna Brigada[14]
Strength
460 special forces (claimed by Serbia)[15] 30 militants[16]
26 SUVs
2 APCs[17]
Casualties and losses
1 killed[18][19]
2 injured[19][20]		 6–10 killed[21][22][23]
8 captured[24][25][26]
2–6 injured[27][28]
3 drones seized[29][30]
2 ATVs seized[29][30]
2 APCs and 26 SUVs seized[16][29][30][26]

The Banjska attack (Albanian: Sulmi në Banjskë, Serbian: Напад у Бањској / Napad u Banjskoj) was an armed attack by Serb militants on the Kosovo Police which took place in the village of Banjska in North Kosovo. The attack was classified as a terrorist attack by Kosovo and the European Union.[31][32]

Background

The incident occurred within a context of increased tensions in the region. After the decision of Prime Minister Albin Kurti to block all Serbian license plates with the letters KM (Kosovska Mitrovica) within the Republic of Kosovo, citing constitutional concerns,[33] Kosovo Serbs working in the public sector, including the mayors of four municipalities in northern Kosovo, resigned in protest.[34] After the boycott of the mayors and administrative staff, new elections were scheduled. In November 2022, President Vjosa Osmani set December 18 as the date for new elections in the four municipalities in northern Kosovo.[35]

However, after new clashes erupted in northern Kosovo, Osmani decided to postpone the mayoral elections, originally scheduled for December 18, until April 2023. This decision received support from European Union (EU) ambassadors[36].

In the days leading up to the rescheduled elections, the main political party in Serb-dominated northern Kosovo, the Serb List, called on the Serb community not to vote, resulting in a boycott of local elections by Serbs in the area who demanded more autonomy.[37] Despite the boycott, a few Kosovo Serbs and the local minority of Albanians in northern Kosovo participated in the elections. Due to the boycott, all four newly elected mayors in the northern municipalities came from Albanian parties.[38]

Following the elections, members of the Kosovo Serb community staged protests in front of municipal buildings in northern Kosovo, expressing their discontent with the newly elected mayors. These protests were closely monitored by the Kosovo Police, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX), and NATO peacekeeping forces. Confrontations transpired between KFOR troops and Kosovo Serb protesters, resulting in injuries sustained by both military personnel and demonstrators.[39]

Attack

Between 23 and 24 September 2023, two trucks without licence plates were placed on a bridge at the entrance to the village of Banjska, blocking the road.

The blockade was reported to the police in the early morning hours of 24 September. At around 2:30 a.m. three police units arrived at the scene, whereupon they were attacked from different directions by an armed group of about 30 men, with a variety of weapons, including grenades.[1][40] In the initial shootout, the Kosovar police forces managed to repel the initial attack.[41][42] Three Kosovar policemen were wounded and transported to the regional hospital in south Mitrovica, but one of them died upon arrival.[19][41][43][44]

After the ambush, the group of armed men entered the Banjska Monastery and barricaded themselves inside before being encircled by Kosovar security forces.[1] A group of pilgrims from Novi Sad, Vojvodina were at the monastery at the time of the attack.[45] At 17:27, Kosovo Special Forces entered and recaptured the monastery, ending the siege.[46][1] Xhelal Sveçla, Kosovo's Minister of Internal Affairs stated that the village was brought under control after "several consecutive battles" throughout the day.[1]

Kosovar authorities arrested two gunmen and four other Serbs who were found with communication equipment near the scene and investigated them for terrorism. They also seized vehicles used by the attackers containing an arsenal of weapons, explosives, ammunition and other logistics to support hundreds of people.[47] Among the items recovered were rocket launchers, one heavy armoured vehicle, 24 automobiles, two 4×4 motorcycles, 150 explosives, three drones, 30 AK-47s, six machine guns, 29 mortars, and over 100 military uniforms.[48]

EULEX, the EU mission that acts as the second security responder in Kosovo, was also at the scene.[49]

Casualties

On the Kosovar side, police sergeant Afrim Bunjaku was killed by the Serb militants. He was posthumously awarded with the order Hero of Kosovo.[50][51]

Officially, four Serb militants, who were identified as Bojan Mihajlović, who was a former bodyguard of Serbian Minister for Kosovo Aleksandar Vulin in 2013[52], Stefan Nedeljković, Vladimir Tolić, and Igor Milenković, were confirmed to have died in the clashes.[43] Sveçla stated that at least three Serbian militants were killed and that there was a high possibility of more Serbian militants being killed.[53] Most Kosovar Albanian media and security experts, estimate the number of killed Serbian militants to be eight.[54][55][56][57] Aleksandar Vučić, the President of Serbia, placed the number of dead Serb militants at three.[58] On 25 September, the body of another Serb militant was found by Kosovar authorities, bringing the total number of confirmed deaths to 4.[59] On 26 September, photos were released showing the bodies of two Serb militants inside a police vehicle.[60]

Attackers

The identity and background of the attackers was not known publicly. They were described as "gunmen" and "Serbian militants".[61][62] Prosecutor Naim Abazi confirmed that the arrested militants were Serbian citizens.[63] Minister Sveçla said that six gunmen had escaped to Serbia and were receiving treatment for their injuries at a hospital in Novi Pazar. He demanded their extradition to Kosovo.[48] He also claimed that Serbia was operating training camps for "insurgents" and said Kosovar authorities were also investigating Russian involvement in the attack.[64]

On 26 September, Kosovo Police unveiled drone video evidence implicating Serb List vice-president Milan Radoičić as being part of the militant group.[65] The party retains close affiliations to President Vučić.[66] Radoičić's weapon permits were left behind. Later in an interview, Vučić acknowledged that Radoičić was "a freedom fighter".[67] On 29 September Radoičić took responsibility for the attack stating through a lawyer that the attack was organised without the knowledge of Serbian authorities or the Serb List, from which he resigned. The same day, Kosovo authorities raided properties he owned, including an lakeside villa, a penthouse apartment and a restaurant.[68]

Reactions

Kosovo

President Vjosa Osmani asserted that the attack had been "orchestrated by Serbian criminal gangs" and characterised it as an assault on Kosovo's territorial integrity.[69] Prime Minister Albin Kurti attributed the assailants as "heavily armed and heavily equipped, professionally trained and planned, politically supported, materially financed and logistically supported by Serbia."[48][69] Kurti additionally assigned responsibility to "Serbian-state supported troops" for what he described as "terrorist attacks."[69] He urged Western nations to enact sanctions against Serbia, while Osmani asserted that Serbia persisted in asserting territorial claims and actively incite tensions, akin to what she described as a "Crimea model."[70]

Kosovo Police General Director Gazmend Hoxha said the attack prompted the largest police operation in the country since the Kosovo War in 1999. The Jarinje and Brnjak border crossings between Kosovo and Serbia were closed due to the incident.[71] On 29 September, Kosovar police raided five locations in three municipalities in the north of the country in connection with the attack, with reports saying several vehicles were confiscated. Serbian media reported that among the locations targeted were a hospital and a restaurant in Mitrovica.[64]

A cousin of Afrim Bunjaku issued a statement confirming his death with the headline of the statement written in all capital letters reading "Dying for your Homeland is like being born again".[72]

The Serb List announced a three-day period of mourning "to mourn the loss of our fellow citizens", i.e. the militants, in Serb-majority municipalities against Kosovar laws which reserve such actions to the President and municipal authorities.[73] On 26 September, residents of Mitrovica and three other towns gathered and lit candles for the dead attackers.[74]

The Eparchy of Raška and Prizren of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which governs the Banjska Monastery, condemned the attack and violence in the monastery, expressing condolences to the families of the killed and wounded policemen. The diocese said that the armed and masked men broke through the locked gate of the monastery, storming the complex in an armoured vehicle.[75][76]

Serbia

President Vučić accused Prime Minister Kurti of being "the sole culprit" for the event and said that "the people fell for the provocations."[77][78] He also claimed that the attackers were Kosovo Serbs who "did not want to endure Kurti's terror any longer".[79] Defence Minister Miloš Vučević told RTS that the attackers were the latest in a long line of fighters who died "for freedom of Kosovo and freedom of Serbia", while several newspapers described them as "heroes" and said the country was collectively in "tears" over those killed in the attack.[80]

Vučić claimed on television that the Security Intelligence Agency filmed Kosovar policemen letting a wounded Serb die without helping him. According to him, they laughed while watching him and one of the policemen said that it would not be a shame if the Serb died.[81] He also claimed that private houses where elderly Serbs were living were fired at by the Kosovo police without reason,[82] and that two Serbs were killed by sniper fire despite them being far away from anyone.[81]

Serbia declared a national day of mourning for 27 September.[83][73] However, Shqiprim Arifi, the mayor of Preševo in south Serbia, refused to hold a commemoration in the Albanian-majority city.[84]

International

  • Montenegro – Prime Minister Dritan Abazović strongly condemned the attack, highlighting the potential for the situation to escalate into a more significant conflict with catastrophic repercussions for all parties involved.[89] Rifat Fejzić, the head of the Islamic Community in Montenegro, likewise denounced the attack, emphasising the importance of a shared path towards the Balkans' integration into the EU.[90]
  • Russia – Russia defended Serbia and blamed the Kosovar government for inciting the attack adding that the bloodshed could spiral out of control.[48]
  • Turkey – Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Tanju Bilgiç denounced the attack and underscored Turkish support for the ongoing dialogue process.[94]
  • United States – Secretary of State Antony Blinken strongly condemned the assault and urged both Kosovo and Serbia "to refrain from any actions or rhetoric which could further inflame tensions". He emphasised the imperative of holding the individuals responsible for this crime accountable through a transparent investigative procedure.[48][95] Ambassador to Kosovo Jeff Hovenier asserted that the attack demonstrated a high degree of "coordination and sophistication", with indications of military training among the rebels, and the presence of a significant quantity of weapons, implying a serious intent to disrupt regional security.[96]

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