Belgian literature

Because Belgium is a multilingual country,^{[note 1]} Belgian literature is divided into two main linguistic branches following the two most prominently spoken languages in the country - Dutch and French. ^{[note 2]} German is the third language in Belgium and is spoken by a small community of about 70,000 German-speakers of the German-speaking Community of Belgium bordering on Germany.

Some literature also exists in the regional languages of Belgium, with published works in both the Walloon language, which is related to French, and also in various regional Flemish or Dutch-related dialects.

Belgian literature in Dutch

Hugo Claus
Louis Paul Boon
Hendrik Conscience
Eric de Kuyper
Guido Gezelle
Willem Elsschot
Erwin Mortier
Tom Lanoye
Jef Geeraerts
Marnix Gijsen
Herman de Coninck
Cyriel Buysse
Dimitri Verhulst
Herman Brusselmans
Dutch language
Flemish Literature, which is part of the Dutch Literature
Flemish Community

Belgian literature in French

Nicolas Ancion
Charles De Coster
Michel de Ghelderode
André-Paul Duchâteau
Maurice Grevisse
Georges Simenon
Alain Le Bussy
Suzanne Lilar
Maurice Maeterlinck
Pierre Mertens
Henri Michaux
Amélie Nothomb
Jean Ray aka John Flanders for his works in Dutch

"Centre d'Histoire de la littérature belge en langue française" (in French). www.ulb.ac.be. Retrieved 11 November 2012.

Belgian literature in Walloon

Literature in Walloon has been printed since the 16th century or at least since the beginning of the 17th century.^[1] Its golden age was in the 19th century: 'That period saw an efflorescence of Walloon literature, plays and poems primarily,and the founding of many theaters and periodicals.' ^[2] Yves Quairiaux counted 4800 plays for 1860–1914, published or not.^[3] In this period plays were almost the only popular show in Wallonia. But this theater remains popular in present-day Wallonia: Theatre is still flourishing with over 200 non-professional companies playing in the cities and villages of Wallonia for an audience of over 200,000 each year.^[4] Jacques Ancion wanted to develop a regular adult audience.^[5] This regional literature most commonly deals with local folklore and ancient traditions, the most prominent Walloon author being Arthur Masson.^[6]^[7]

Charles-Nicolas Simonon (1774-1847): "Li Côparèye" (1822)
Nicolas Defrecheux (1825-1874): "Lèyîs-m'plorer" (Let me weep, 1854)
Edward Remouchamps (1836-1900) wrote the vaudeville theater piece "Tatî l'pèriquî" (Gautier, the barber, 1885)
Salme Dieudonné: the novel "Li Houlot" (The cadet, 1888)
Willame Georges (1863-1917), sonnets
François Renkin (1872-1906), stylized prose
Henri Simon (1856-1939): "Li Mwert di l'abe" (The death of the tree, 1909) and "Li pan dè bon Dieu" (The Bread of the Good Lord, 1914)
Jules Claskin (1884-1926), poetry
Laloux Auguste (1908-1976): "Li p'tit Bêrt", written before 1940, published in 1963
Geo Libbrecht (1891-1976): poetry, "Les cloques / Les cleokes (1964)."

Notes and references

Notes:

^ Dutch, French and German are legally the three official languages in Belgium, see: Belgium, European Union
^ And therefore usually discussed under French and Dutch literature

References:

^ In his Anthologie de la littérature wallonne, Mardaga, Liège, 1978, ISBN 2-8021-0024-6 Maurice Piron is speaking (p. 5) about four dialogues printed between 1631 and 1636
^ 'Switching Languages', Translingual Writers Reflect on Their Craft, Edited by Steven G. Kellman Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003, p. 153. ISBN 978-0-8032-2747-7
^ Yves Quairiaux, L'image du Flamand en Wallonie, Essai d'analyse sociale et politique (1830-1914), Labor, Bruwxelles, 2006, p. 126. ISBN 2-8040-2174-2
^ "The Walloon Language Page" (in Walloon). Retrieved 1 January 2012.
^ Joan Gross, Speaking in Other Voices: An Ethnography of Walloon Puppet Theaters. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Press, 2001, ISBN 1-58811-054-0
^ "Biography of Arthur Masson" (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2012.
^ "Arthur Masson Museum bibliography" (in French). www.espacemasson.be. Retrieved 11 November 2012.

[1] Dutch, French and German are legally the three official languages in Belgium, see: Belgium, European Union

[2] And therefore usually discussed under French and Dutch literature

[3] In his Anthologie de la littérature wallonne, Mardaga, Liège, 1978, ISBN 2-8021-0024-6 Maurice Piron is speaking (p. 5) about four dialogues printed between 1631 and 1636

[4] 'Switching Languages', Translingual Writers Reflect on Their Craft, Edited by Steven G. Kellman Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003, p. 153. ISBN 978-0-8032-2747-7

[5] Yves Quairiaux, L'image du Flamand en Wallonie, Essai d'analyse sociale et politique (1830-1914), Labor, Bruwxelles, 2006, p. 126. ISBN 2-8040-2174-2

[6] "The Walloon Language Page" (in Walloon). Retrieved 1 January 2012.

[7] Joan Gross, Speaking in Other Voices: An Ethnography of Walloon Puppet Theaters. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Press, 2001, ISBN 1-58811-054-0

[8] "Biography of Arthur Masson" (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2012.

[9] "Arthur Masson Museum bibliography" (in French). www.espacemasson.be. Retrieved 11 November 2012.

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