Calcium phosphate
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2019) |
 Calcium Phosphate nanowires seen in SEM
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| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
| EC Number |
|
| E number | E341 (antioxidants, ...) |
PubChem CID
|
|
| UNII | |
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| Properties | |
| Ca3(PO4)2 | |
| Molar mass | 310.18 g/mol |
| Appearance | White Solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 3.14 g/cu cm[1] |
| Melting point | 1,670 °C (3,040 °F; 1,940 K)[1] |
| Practically insoluble with water | |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Insoluble with ethanol (also acetic acid) |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
| |
| Warning | |
| H315, H319, H335 | |
| P101, P102, P103, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | fishersci.com |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritional value[2] and are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel.[3] In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein with magnesium, zinc, and citrate–collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP).[4] Various calcium phosphate minerals are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient-containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication (over-enrichment with nutrients and minerals).[citation needed]
Orthophosphates, di- and monohydrogen phosphates[edit]
These materials contain Ca2+ combined with PO3−
4, HPO2−
4, or H
2PO−
4:
- Monocalcium phosphate, E341 (CAS# 7758-23-8 for anhydrous; CAS#10031-30-8 for monohydrate: Ca(H2PO4)2 and Ca(H2PO4)2(H2O)
- Dicalcium phosphate (dibasic calcium phosphate), E341(ii) (CAS# 7757-93-9): CaHPO4 (mineral: monetite), dihydrate CaHPO4(H2O)2 (mineral: brushite) and monohydrate CaHPO4(H2O)
- Tricalcium phosphate (tribasic calcium phosphate or tricalcic phosphate, sometimes referred to as calcium phosphate or calcium orthophosphate, whitlockite), E341(iii) (CAS#7758-87-4): Ca3(PO4)2
- Octacalcium phosphate (CAS# 13767-12-9): Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O
- Amorphous calcium phosphate, a glassy precipitate of variable composition that may be present in biological systems.
Di- and polyphosphates[edit]
These materials contain Ca2+ combined with the polyphosphates, such as P
2O4−
7 and triphosphate P
3O5−
10:
- Dicalcium diphosphate (CAS#7790-76-3]: Ca2P2O7
- Calcium triphosphate (CAS# 26158-70-3): Ca5(P3O10)2
Hydroxy- and oxo-phosphates[edit]
These materials contain other anions in addition to phosphate:[citation needed]
- Hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
- Apatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F,Cl,Br)2
- Tetracalcium phosphate (CAS#1306-01-0): Ca4(PO4)2O
Urine stones[edit]
Calcium phosphate stones account for approximately 15% of kidney stone disease. Calcium phosphate stones tend to grow in alkaline urine, especially when Proteus bacteria are present. It is the most common type in pregnant women.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Calcium Phosphate".
- ^ Klaus Schrödter; Gerhard Bettermann; Thomas Staffel; Friedrich Wahl; Thomas Klein; Thomas Hofmann (2008). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3. ISBN 978-3527306732. S2CID 94458523.
- ^ "What Substances Make Up Your Teeth? – Affordable Dental Care". www.towncaredental.com. 2015-07-15. Retrieved 2021-01-29.
- ^ A. Y. Tamime, ed. (2006). Brined cheeses - The Society of Dairy Technology (SDT). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-2460-7.
- ^ Frassetto L, Kohlstadt I (2011). "Treatment and prevention of kidney stones: an update". Am Fam Physician. 84 (11): 1234–42. PMID 22150656.