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Erdut

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Erdut
Ердут (Serbian)[1]
Municipality
Municipality of Erdut
Općina Erdut
Danube river in Erdut
Danube river in Erdut
Coat of arms of Erdut
Coat of arms
Country Croatia
County Osijek-Baranja
Government
 • Municipal mayorJugoslav Vesić
Area
 • Total158 km2 (61 sq mi)
Elevation
158 m (518 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total7,308
 • Density46/km2 (120/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal codes
31204 Bijelo Brdo
31205 Aljmaš
31206 Erdut
31226 Dalj
Area code031
Websitewww.opcina-erdut.hr

Erdut[pronunciation?] (Serbian Cyrillic: Ердут) is a village in eastern Croatia, located some 37 km east of the major city of Osijek, lying on the border with neighbouring Serbia. The village of Erdut administratively belongs to the eponymous municipality, which also contains three other villages - Aljmaš, Bijelo Brdo and Dalj. The municipality is part of the Osijek-Baranja County in eastern Slavonia.

Name and languages

The name Erdut comes from the local Hungarian name (Erdőd) meaning "forest road".[2] In other languages, the village in German is known as Erdung and in Serbian as Ердут.

Due to the local minority population, the Erdut municipality prescribe the use of not only Croatian as the official language, but the Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet as well.[3]

Geography

The municipality have total area of 158 km2[4] (61 sq mi) and is the largest member municipality of Joint Council of Municipalities. River Drava (5.6 km[4]) and Danube (34.825 km[4]) flows through the municipality. The territory of the municipality is completely flat very fertile black soil. The elevation of the village of Erdut is 158 m. Municipality of Erdut include following settlements:[4] It is connected by D213 road (Croatia) with rest of country.

There are 4 villages in municipality:

Settlement population
Erdut 818
Aljmaš 610
Bijelo Brdo 1,976
Dalj 3,952

History

The settlement was first mentioned in 1335 under the Hungarian name Erdöd and then as a city in 1472.[2] It was successively ruled by Ottoman Empire, Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Independent State of Croatia and Yugoslavia.

Erdut During the 1991 War

Main article: Erdut massacre

When Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, eastern Slavonia was soon overrun by the Yugoslav National Army and Serb paramilitaries, led by the notorious warlord, Željko Ražnatović known by the name Arkan.[5] The battle for Erdut quickly ended that summer as the entire Croatian population was expelled or killed along with other minorities including Czechs, Germans, Hungarians, Ruthenians and Ukrainians in an act of ethnic cleansing.[6] Their homes were soon occupied by other Serbs.[6] Many buildings and homes were destroyed, including the Roman Catholic Church.[6]

Arkan soon set up a training camp for his Serb Volunteer Guard in Erdut, which became headquarters until the end of the war, when Croatian forces recaptured most of the land occupied by the Serb rebels.

Erdut Agreement

Main article: Erdut Agreement

On November 12, 1995, officials signed what is commonly called the Erdut Agreement[7] in which the part of eastern Slavonia still occupied by Serbs would be integrated back into Croatia, gradually allowing some of the exiled refugees to return to their homes. This agreement was the basis for the establishment of Joint Council of Municipalities.[7] Erdut has been under Croatian control since 1998.[8]

Demographics

Historical population
of Erdut municipality
YearPop.±%
1880 9,421—    
1890 10,451+10.9%
1900 10,904+4.3%
1910 11,373+4.3%
1921 10,543−7.3%
1931 10,976+4.1%
1948 10,177−7.3%
1953 10,324+1.4%
1961 11,440+10.8%
1971 11,353−0.8%
1981 11,035−2.8%
1991 10,197−7.6%
2001 8,417−17.5%
2011 7,308−13.2%
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005

Population

The municipality population is 7,308 (census 2011), with 805 people in Erdut itself, 3,937 in Dalj, 1,961 in Bijelo Brdo and 605 in Aljmaš.[9] The majority of the population of municipality are Serbs (55%). Other ethnic groups are Croats (38%) and Hungarians (5%).[10]

Religion

Dalj is seat of the Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja of the Serb Orthodox Church.

Politics

Multilateral cooperation

Erdut municipality is one of seven member municipalities of Joint Council of Municipalities, inter-municipal sui generis organization of Serbian community in eastern Croatia.

Municipality government

The municipality assembly is composed of 13 representatives. As of 2009, the member parties/lists are:[11]

  Party Number of votes Number of seats
  Independent Democratic Serb Party 1.688 8
  Croatian Democratic Alliance of Slavonia and Baranja 843 4
  Croatian Democratic Union 380 1
  Croatian Peasant Party 157 0
  Social Democratic Party of Croatia 149 0
  Independent list-Stevo Vujaklija 129 0
  Independent list-Mijo Nemet 67 0

Economy

Erdut development index is between 50-76% of the Croatian average,[12] and therefore, the municipality is part of the Areas of Special State Concern.[13]

Culture

Points of Interest

Erdut Castle
Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja in Dalj

The municipality is home of Eparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja, and there is also Erdut Castle.

Notable natives and residents

See also

References

  1. ^ Government of Croatia (October 2013). "Peto izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (PDF) (in Croatian). Council of Europe. p. 36. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Erdut | Općina Erdut". Opcina-erdut.hr. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  3. ^ Izvješće o provođenju ustavnog zakona o pravima nacionalnih manjina i o utošku sredstava osiguranih u državnom proračunu Republike Hrvatske za 2008. godinu za potrebe nacionalnih manjina, Zagreb, 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d "Povrsina, stanovnistvo, naseljenost" (PDF). Opcina-erdut.hr. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  5. ^ "Transcript". Slobodan-milosevic.org. 2004-01-13. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  6. ^ a b c The New York Times; May 10, 1992
  7. ^ a b "Peace Agreements Digital Collection" (PDF). Usip.org. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  8. ^ "The Thorny Issue of Ethnic Autonomy in Croatia" (PDF). Ecmi.de. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  9. ^ "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Erdut". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  10. ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census: County of Osijek-Baranja". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  11. ^ "Informacija o rezultatima izbora članova predstavničkih tijela jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-04-03.
  12. ^ "Odluka o razvrstavanju jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave prema stupnju razvijenosti" (in Croatian). 27 December 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  13. ^ "Zakon O Podrucjima Posebne Drzavne Skrbi" (PDF). Pravo.unizg.hr. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
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