Gravity (2013 film)

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Gravity
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAlfonso Cuarón
Written byAlfonso Cuarón
Jonás Cuarón
Produced byAlfonso Cuarón
David Heyman
StarringSandra Bullock
George Clooney
CinematographyEmmanuel Lubezki
Edited byAlfonso Cuarón
Mark Sanger
Music bySteven Price
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures
Release dates
  • August 28, 2013 (2013-08-28) (Venice)
  • October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03) (AU)
  • October 4, 2013 (2013-10-04) (US)
  • November 8, 2013 (2013-11-08) (UK)
Running time
90 minutes[1]
CountriesUnited States
United Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget$100,000,000[2]
Box office$191,400,000[2]

Gravity is a 2013 3D science fiction thriller[2][3] and space drama film[4][5] co-written, co-produced, co-edited and directed by Alfonso Cuarón. The film stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as surviving astronauts from a damaged Space Shuttle.

Cuarón wrote the screenplay with his son Jonás and attempted to develop the project at Universal Studios. After the rights to the project were sold, the project found traction at Warner Bros. instead. The studio approached multiple actresses before casting Bullock in the female lead role. Robert Downey, Jr. was also involved as the male lead before leaving the project and being replaced by Clooney.

Gravity opened at the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August 2013.[6] Its North American premiere was three days later at the Telluride Film Festival. It received a wide release in the United States and Canada on October 4, 2013. Reactions from critics and audiences alike have been overwhelmingly positive, both sides giving much praise for the film's cinematography, as well as Clooney and Bullock's performances.

Plot

In an alternate 2014/2015, bio-medical engineer Dr. Ryan Stone is a Mission Specialist on her first space shuttle mission, STS-157, accompanied by veteran astronaut Matt Kowalski, who is commanding his final expedition. During the final spacewalk to service the Hubble Space Telescope, Mission Control in Houston warns the team that debris from a Russian missile strike on a defunct satellite has caused a chain reaction of destruction and that they must abort the mission. Shortly afterward, communications from Mission Control are lost, though Stone and Kowalski continue to transmit in hopes that the ground crew can hear them.

High-speed debris kills engineer Shariff and damages the space shuttle Explorer, sending Stone far away from it. Kowalski, who is wearing a thruster pack, navigates to Stone and retrieves her. Tethered together, the two make their way back to Explorer, where they discover it has been damaged far beyond usability, and the rest of the crew are dead from exposure. They decide to use the thruster pack to make their way to the International Space Station (ISS), which is in orbit only about 100 km (60 mi) away. Kowalski estimates they have 90 minutes before the debris field completes an orbit and threatens them again.

During the route to the ISS, the two discuss Stone's life back home and the death of her young daughter in a schoolyard accident. As they approach the slightly damaged ISS, they see that its crew has evacuated in one of the Soyuz modules and that the other's parachute has been accidentally deployed, making it useless for return to Earth. But Kowalski says that the Soyuz designated TMA-14M can still be used to travel to the nearby Chinese space station Tiangong to retrieve another module that can take them to Earth. Out of air and maneuvering power, the two try to grab onto the ISS as they fly by. At the last moment, Stone's leg becomes entangled in the Soyuz's parachute cords, but Kowalski realizes that his momentum will carry them both away; over Stone's protests, he detaches himself from the tether so that Stone might survive, and the tension in the cords pulls her back towards the ISS. As Kowalski floats away, he radios additional instructions and encouragement to Stone.

Stone enters the ISS via an airlock but must hastily make her way to the Soyuz to escape a fire. Stone realizes the Soyuz's parachute cables are still tangled with the ISS. She spacewalks outside to release the cables, barely succeeding just as the debris field completes its orbit and destroys the station. Stone aligns the Soyuz with Tiangong, but discovers the craft's thrusters have no fuel. Stone resigns herself to being stranded and begins decompression of the cabin to commit suicide by painless hypoxia. As she begins to lose consciousness, Kowalski appears outside, enters the capsule, and tells her to use the Soyuz's landing rockets. Kowalski's appearance is revealed as a hallucination. Newly motivated to live, Stone restores the flow of oxygen and uses the rockets to navigate towards Tiangong.

Unable to dock the Soyuz with the station, Stone ejects herself via explosive decompression and uses a fire extinguisher as a makeshift thruster to travel to Tiangong. She enters the Shenzhou capsule just as Tiangong starts to break up on the upper edge of the atmosphere, having been knocked from orbit by debris. As the capsule descends to Earth, Stone hears Mission Control over the radio tracking the capsule. The capsule lands in a lake, forcing Stone to shed her spacesuit underwater in order to swim to shore. She takes her first shaky steps on land, in the full gravity of Earth.

Cast

  • Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone: A medical engineer and Mission Specialist on her first mission in space.
  • George Clooney as Matt Kowalski: The commander of the team, Kowalski is a veteran astronaut planning to retire after the Explorer expedition. He enjoys telling stories about himself and joking with his teammates, but is also determined to protect the lives of his fellow astronauts.
  • Ed Harris as Mission Control
  • Orto Ignatiussen as Aningaaq: A Greenlandic Inuit fisherman who intercepts one of Stone's transmissions. Aningaaq also appears in a self-titled short which depicts the conversation between him and Stone from his perspective.[7]
  • Paul Sharma as Shariff: The engineer of the Explorer. Shariff has a wife and child and keeps a family photo on his suit.
  • Amy Warren as Explorer Captain
  • Basher Savage as Russian Space Station Captain

Themes

Despite being set in outer space, the film draws upon motifs from shipwrecked and wilderness survival stories about the inner space of psychological change and resilience in the aftermath of catastrophe.[8][9][10][11] Cuarón uses Stone to illustrate the clarity of mind, persistence, training, and improvisation in the face of isolation and mortal consequences of a relentless Murphy's Law.[3]

Although the film does not attempt to compete philosophically with 2001: A Space Odyssey or Solaris,[12] Cuarón employs a number of metaphysical shots portraying Stone devolving and curling up as though in a womb after entering the relative safety of ISS, as well as later re-evolving by crawling out from the lake's waters.[8] The film also meditates on spiritual themes both in terms of Ryan's daughter's accidental death, the will to survive in the face of inevitable death, as well as the futility of rescue.[9] Calamities unfold but there are no witnesses to them save for the surviving astronauts.[13]

The impact of scenes is heightened by alternating between objective and subjective perspectives, the warm face of the planet and the depths of dark space, the chaos but also predictability of the deadly debris field, and silence of the vacuum of space with the sound of the score.[11][14] The film uses very long and uninterrupted shots throughout to draw the audience into the action but also contrasts these with claustrophobic shots within space suits and capsules.[9][15]

Cuarón also pays homage to other classics set in space by employing Ed Harris as the voice of Mission Control (a nod to his roles in Apollo 13 and The Right Stuff),[16] evokes Sigourney Weaver's vulnerable Ripley from Alien,[14] while the extravehicular use of a fire extinguisher also recalls important scenes from WALL-E.[17]

Production

Development

The project was in development at Universal Pictures for several years, but the studio placed it in turnaround. Warner Bros. acquired the project, which in February 2010, attracted the attention of Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted.[18] Later in the month, she passed on the project,[19] partially because the studio did not want to pay her $20 million fee,[20] which she had received for her latest two movies. She received $19 million for The Tourist[21] and over $20 million for Salt. She also passed on the project because she wanted to work on directing her Bosnian war film, In the Land of Blood and Honey.[22] In March, Robert Downey, Jr. entered talks to be cast in the male lead role.[23]

In mid-2010, Marion Cotillard tested for the female lead role. By August 2010, Scarlett Johansson and Blake Lively were in the running for the role.[20] In September, Cuarón received approval from Warner Bros. to offer the role without a screen test to Natalie Portman, who was being praised for her then-recently released film, Black Swan.[24] Portman passed on the project due to scheduling conflicts, and Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role.[22] In November 2010, Downey left the project to star in How to Talk to Girls, a project in development with Shawn Levy attached to direct.[25] The following December, with Bullock signed for the co-lead role, George Clooney replaced Downey.[26]

A big challenge for the team was the question of how to shoot long takes in a zero g environment. Eventually the team decided on using CGI for the space walk scenes and automotive robots for the interior space station scenes to move Bullock's character around.[27] This meant that shots and blocking had to be planned well in advance in order for the robots to be programmed.[27]

Filming

Gravity had a production budget of $100 million and was filmed digitally on Arri Alexas. Principal photography on the film began in late May 2011.[28] Live elements were shot at Pinewood and Shepperton Studios in the United Kingdom,[29] with the visual effects supervised by Tim Webber at Framestore in London.[30] The 3D was designed and supervised by Chris Parks. The majority of the 3D was created through stereo rendering the CG at Framestore with the rest post converted, principally at Prime Focus, London with additional conversion work by Framestore. Prime Focus's supervisor was Richard Baker. Filming began in London in May 2011.[31] The film contains about 200 or so cutaways, which is significantly fewer than most films of this length. Although the first trailer had audible explosions and other sounds, that in the final film these scenes are silent: "They put in explosions [in the trailer]. As we know, there is no sound in space. In the film, we don't do that."[32] The sound track in the film's space scenes is only populated by the musical score and sounds astronauts would hear within their suits or the space vehicles respectively.

Most of Bullock's shots were shot with her inside of a giant mechanical rig.[27] Getting inside said rig took a significant amount of time so the actress opted to stay in it for up to 9 to 10 hours a day, communicating with others only through a headset.[27] The setup was the basis of what Cuaron would describe as his biggest challenge, which was how to make the set feel inviting and non-claustrophobic as possible. The team attempted to do this by having a massive celebration when Bullock would arrive on set each day. They also nicknamed the rig "Sandy's cage" and gave it a lighted sign that reflected this.[27]

Music

Main article: Gravity: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Composer Steven Price composed the incidental music to Gravity. In early September 2013, a 23-minute preview of the soundtrack was released online.[33] A soundtrack album was released digitally on September 17, 2013 and in physical formats on October 1, 2013 by WaterTower Music.[34] Additional songs featured in the film include:[35]

In most of the film's official trailers, "Spiegel im Spiegel" was used, written by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt in 1978.[36]

Release

Gravity was released in 3D and IMAX 3D on October 4, 2013.[37] The film's release coincided with the beginning of World Space Week, observed from October 4 to October 10. The film was originally scheduled to be released on November 21, 2012, before being re-scheduled for a 2013 release in order to complete extensive post-production effects work.[38]

Reception

Box office

As of October 14, 2013, Gravity has grossed $123,400,000 in North America, and $68,000,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $191,400,000.[2]

Preliminary reports had the film tracking for a debut of over $40 million in North America.[39][40] The film earned $1.4 million from its Thursday night showings,[41] and reached a $17.5 million Friday total.[42] It went on to break Paranormal Activity 3's record as the biggest October and autumn openings ever, as the film brought in $55.8 million.[43] Of the film's opening weekend gross, 80 percent of the total was derived from its 3D showings for a sum of $44 million—which also includes $11.2 million, or 20 percent of the total receipts, from IMAX 3D showings, the highest percentage ever for a film opening more than $50 million.[44]

Critical reception

Gravity had its world premiere at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on August 28, where it received universal acclaim from critics and audiences, praising the acting, direction, screenplay, cinematography, visual effects, production design, the use of 3D, and Steven Price's musical score.[45] Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 97% of critics gave the film a positive review based on 231 reviews with a "Certified Fresh" rating, with an average score of 9/10. The site's consensus states: "Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity is an eerie, tense sci-fi thriller that's masterfully directed and visually stunning".[46] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 96 (citing "universal acclaim") based on 48 reviews.[47] CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave Gravity was A- on an A+ to F scale.[44]

Matt Zoller Seitz, writing on RogerEbert.com, gave the film a perfect four stars, stating that "Alfonso Cuarón's Gravity, about astronauts coping with disaster, is a huge and technically dazzling film and that the film's panoramas of astronauts tumbling against starfields and floating through space station interiors are at once informative and lovely."[48] At Variety, Justin Chang posits that the film "restores a sense of wonder, terror and possibility to the bigscreen that should inspire awe among critics and audiences worldwide".[49] Richard Corliss of Time proclaimed that "Cuar‪ón shows things that cannot be but, miraculously, are, in the fearful, beautiful reality of the space world above our world. If the film past is dead, Gravity shows us the glory of cinema's future. It thrills on so many levels. And because Cuar‪ón is a movie visionary of the highest order, you truly can't beat the view." He also admired that "Beyond technology, Cuar‪ón plays daringly and dexterously with point-of-view: at one moment you're inside Ryan's helmet as she surveys the bleak silence, then in a subtle shift you're outside to gauge her reaction. The 3-D effects, added in post-production, provide their own extraterrestrial startle: a hailstorm of debris hurtles at you, as do a space traveler's thoughts at the realization of being truly alone in the universe."[50]

The film was praised by filmmakers James Cameron, who said, "I think it's the best space photography ever done, I think it's the best space film ever done, and it's the movie I've been hungry to see for an awful long time",[51] and Quentin Tarantino, who named it one of the ten best movies of 2013 so far.[52] Astronaut Buzz Aldrin is also a big fan of the film, calling the visual effects "remarkable". He goes on saying, "I was so extravagantly impressed by the portrayal of the reality of zero gravity. Going through the space station was done just the way that I've seen people do it in reality. The spinning is going to happen—maybe not quite that vigorous—but certainly we've been fortunate that people haven't been in those situations yet. I think it reminds us that there really are hazards in the space business, especially in activities outside the spacecraft."[53]

Accolades

The film won the "Future Film Festival Digital Award" at the 2013 Venice Film Festival.[54] Bullock was awarded with the Best Actress Award at the 2013 Hollywood Film Festival, for her "outstanding work in Gravity" and "a stunning and emotionally layered performance that shows once again why she is one of Hollywood’s most respected and popular actresses."[55]

Scientific accuracy

Cuarón has stated that the film is not always scientifically accurate and that some liberties were needed to sustain the story.[56] Nevertheless, the film has been praised for the realism of its premises and its overall adherence to physical principles, despite a few inaccuracies and exaggerations.[57][58] According to NASA Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, who took part in two Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Missions (STS-109 and STS-125), "nothing was out of place, nothing was missing. There was a one of a kind wirecutter we used on one of my spacewalks and sure enough they had that wirecutter in the movie."[58] On October 6, 2013, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson posted some inaccuracies in his official Twitter account.[59] Examples of inaccuracies include:

  • The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which is being repaired at the beginning of the movie, has an orbit of about 559 kilometers (347 mi). The ISS, on the other hand, has a very slightly elliptical orbit at around 420 kilometers (260 mi), and a very different orbital plane. It would, therefore, be impossible for an astronaut to migrate from the Hubble orbit to the ISS with a unit similar to the Manned Maneuvering Unit which had an approximate 6 hour working time.[60]
  • Stone's tears are seen running down and floating off her face. Without sufficient force to dislodge the tears, the tears would remain on her face due to surface tension. However, the movie correctly portrays the spherical appearance of liquid drops in a micro-gravity environment.[61]
  • During reentry, Stone's helmet and other objects are still floating inside the capsule despite the fact that it is already decelerating through the atmosphere.
  • Stone mentions that she has only six months training and was brought onto the flight for her specialized skillset. Such a person is referred to as a "payload specialist", not a "mission specialist", and would never have trained to do a spacewalk or land a spacecraft.[62]
  • Rather than leaving a gaping hole, space debris impacting an astronaut would combust the oxygen in their suit and incinerate them.[62]

See also

References

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  12. ^ O'Hehir, Andrew (October 3, 2013). ""Gravity": Bullock and Clooney, lost in space". Salon.
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  16. ^ Weber, Lindsey (October 6, 2013). "Did You Catch Gravity's Apollo 13 Shout-out?". Vulture. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
  17. ^ Morgenstern, Joe (October 3, 2013). ""Gravity" Exerts Cosmic Pull". The Wall Street Journal.
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  28. ^ Fitzmaurice, Sarah (June 9, 2011). "Feeling broody? George Clooney gets snap happy with Sandra Bullock and her son Louis on set of new film". Daily Mail. Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
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  30. ^ http://www.framestore.com/work/coming-soon-gravity
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  32. ^ Child, Ben (July 22, 2013). "Comic-Con 2013: five things we learned". The Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
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  50. ^ "Gravity at the Venice Film Festival: Dread and Awe in Space". TIME. August 28, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  51. ^ "Alfonso Cuaron Returns to the Bigscreen After Seven Years With 'Gravity'". Variety. September 3, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  52. ^ "Quentin Tarantino's Top 10 Films of 2013 – SO FAR". The Quentin Tarantino Archives. October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
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  54. ^ "Mostra Venezia: a 'Gravity' di Cuaron il 'Future Film Festival Digital Award 2013'". Retrieved September 6, 2013. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  55. ^ "Sanra Bullock won Hollywood Film Festival Best Actress Award 2013'". Retrieved 20. 9. 2013.. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  56. ^ "Gravity". Space.com.
  57. ^ "What's behind the science of 'Gravity'?". CNN. September 28, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  58. ^ a b "Gravity: Ripped from the Headlines?". Space Safety Magazine. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  59. ^ "Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson Fact-Checks Gravity on Twitter". Wired. October 7, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  60. ^ "Poking holes in the Gravity trailer with NASA's help". arstechnica. October 3, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  61. ^ "How realistic is 'Gravity'?". UCLA. September 28, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  62. ^ a b Watkins, Gwynne (October 8, 2013). "An Astronaut Fact-checks Gravity". Vulture. Retrieved October 12, 2013.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gravity_(2013_film)&oldid=577126218"