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Hello Kitty

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 174.52.133.48 (talk) at 07:10, 6 February 2015 (Oh yeah, in fact that statement about anthropomorphism was already in a paragraph under "Character."). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other uses, see Hello Kitty (disambiguation).
Hello Kitty
Sanrio character
Hello Kitty
First appearance1974
Created byYuko Shimizu
Voiced byEnglish:
Tara Strong (Hello Kitty's Furry Tale Theater)
Karen Bernstein (Daisuki! Hello Kitty)
Monica Rial (Hello Kitty's Animation Theater)
Melissa Fahn (Hello Kitty's Paradise)
Japanese:
Fuyumi Shiraishi (Kitty and Mimmy's New Umbrella)
Mami Koyama (Hello Kitty's Cinderella)
Akemi Okamura
Yuko Kobayashi (Playing with English: Hello Kitty's Magical Journey)
Kyōko Hikami (Hello Kitty's Furry Tale Theater Japanese Dub and Daisuki! Hello Kitty)
Megumi Hayashibara (Current Voice Actress)
In-universe information
NicknameHello Kitty
SpeciesGijinka(Anthropomorphization of human and Japanese Bobtail cat)
GenderFemale
FamilyMimmy White, George White, Mary White, Anthony, Margaret[1]
NationalityBritish[2]
Full nameKitty White[2]

Hello Kitty (ハローキティ, Harōkiti)[3] (full name Kitty White (キティ・ホワイト, Kiti howaito))[2] is a fictional character produced by the Japanese company Sanrio, created by Yuko Shimizu and currently designed by Yuko Yamaguchi. She is depicted as an anthropomorphic white Japanese bobtail cat with a red bow.[4]

The character's first appearance on an item, a vinyl coin purse, was introduced in Japan in 1974 and brought to the United States in 1976.[5][6] The character is a staple of the kawaii segment of Japanese popular culture.[7] By 2010, Sanrio had groomed Hello Kitty into a global marketing phenomenon worth $5 billion a year.[8] By 2014, when Hello Kitty was 40 years old, she was worth about $7 billion a year, all without any advertising.[9]

Originally aimed at pre-adolescent females, Hello Kitty's market has broadened to include adult consumers. She can be found on a variety of products ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories and high-end consumer products. Several Hello Kitty TV series, targeted towards young children, have been produced. Hello Kitty is also the main character at the two Japanese Sanrio theme parks, Harmonyland and the indoor Sanrio Puroland.

Character

Initially known only as "the white kitten with no name" (名前のない白い子猫),[10] the official character profiles for Hello Kitty now lists her full name as Kitty White (キティ・ホワイト, Kiti Howaito), born in the suburbs of London, England on November 1. Her height is described as five apples and her weight as three apples. She is portrayed as a bright and kind-hearted girl, very close to her twin sister Mimmy. She is good at baking cookies and loves Mama's homemade apple pie. She likes to collect cute things and her favorite subjects in school are English, music, and art.[2][1]

The character is a gijinka, an anthropomorphism or personification of a cat. In August 2014 an anthropologist from the University of Hawaii was told by Sanrio that Kitty White was not simply a cat (i.e. "depicted on all fours"), describing her as a little English girl called Kitty White, from outside London.[11][12] Following reports that interpreted this to mean she was human, a Sanrio PR representative said that the organization had "never said she was a human", explaining anthropomorphization by comparing the character to Mickey Mouse: "No one would mistake the Disney character for a human–but at the same time he's not quite a mouse. Just like Hello Kitty isn't a human, she's not quite a cat either."[13] Sanrio stated further, "Hello Kitty was done in the motif of a cat. It's going too far to say that Hello Kitty is not a cat."[10]

Hello Kitty is portrayed with a large family with the surname White. Her twin sister Mimmy is described as "shy and very girly," interested in sewing and dreaming of marriage. While Hello Kitty wears a red bow on her left ear, Mimmy wears a yellow one on the right. Their father George is described as dependable, humorous but also absent-minded. Their mother Mary is portrayed as a good cook who loves doing housework. Grandpa Anthony likes to tell stories and Grandma Margaret likes sewing.[1] Dear Daniel is Hello Kitty's childhood friend. His character profile describes him as born in London on May 3 with the name Daniel Starr. He traveled with his parents and was away from Hello Kitty for a long time. He is portrayed as fashionable and sensitive, good at dancing and playing the piano, with an interest in photography, and dreams of being a celebrity.[14] Charmmy Kitty is Hello Kitty's pet, a white Persian. She is described as docile, obedient and fond of shiny things. Her necklace holds the key to Hello Kitty's jewelry box.[15] Hello Kitty also has a pet hamster named Sugar, who was a gift from Dear Daniel.[16]

Background

Yuko Shimizu, original designer of Hello Kitty, in 2010, in the Japan Expo, in Paris

In 1962, Shintaro Tsuji, founder of Sanrio, began selling rubber sandals with flowers painted on them.[17] Tsuji noted the profits gained by adding a cute design to the sandals and hired cartoonists to design cute characters for his merchandise.[17] The company produced a line of character merchandise around gift-giving occasions.[18] Hello Kitty was designed by Yuko Shimizu and was added to the lineup of early Sanrio characters in 1974.[6] The character's first appearance on an item was a vinyl coin purse in Japan where she was pictured sitting between a bottle of milk and a goldfish bowl.[19] She first appeared in the United States in 1976.[5]

Sanrio decided to make Hello Kitty British because at the time when she was created, foreign countries, in particular Britain, were trendy in Japan. In addition, Sanrio already had a number of characters set in the US and they wanted Hello Kitty to be different.[7][20] Shimizu got the name Kitty from Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass, where in a scene early in the book Alice plays with a cat she calls Kitty.[21] Sanrio's motto is "social communication" and Tsuji wanted the brand name to reflect that. He first considered "Hi Kitty" before settling on "Hello" for the greeting.[22] Spokespeople for Sanrio have said that Hello Kitty does not have a mouth because they want people to "project their feelings onto the character" and "be happy or sad together with Hello Kitty."[7][23] Another explanation Sanrio has given for her lack of a mouth is that she "speaks from the heart. She's Sanrio's ambassador to the world and isn't bound to any particular language".[20] Representatives for Sanrio have said they see Hello Kitty as a symbol of friendship, and they hope she will encourage friendship between people across the world.[7] While there has been some speculation[24][25] that Hello Kitty has its origins in Maneki Neko, and that the name Hello Kitty itself is a back-translation of Maneki Neko, which means beckoning cat in English, others disagree.[26]

History

Hello Kitty sold well immediately after the 1974 launch, and Sanrio's sales increased seven times up until they slumped temporarily in 1978.[7][27] New series with Hello Kitty in different themed designs are released regularly, following current trends. Yuko Yamaguchi, the main designer for most of Hello Kitty's history, has said that she is inspired by fashion, movies and TV in creating new designs.[7][27]

Hello Kitty was originally marketed only to young girls. In the 1990s the target market for Hello Kitty was broadened to include teens and grown-ups as a retro brand.[7][20] Marketed to those who could not get Hello Kitty merchandise as children, or who fondly remember items they had, Sanrio began selling Hello Kitty branded products like purses and laptops.[7][20][27] The 1994–1996 Face series was the first to be designed for a more mature appeal.[7]

According to Sanrio, in 1999 Hello Kitty appeared on 12,000 different products yearly.[22] By 2008, Hello Kitty was responsible for half of Sanrio's $1 billion revenue and there were over 50,000 different Hello Kitty branded products in more than 60 countries.[20] Beginning in 2007, following trends in Japan, Sanrio began using darker designs for Hello Kitty with more black and less pink, and pulling away from kawaii styles.[27]

Hello Kitty and Mimmy celebrated their 40th Anniversary on 1/November/2014. The "ARIGATO EVERYONE! Birthday Celebration" took place in Sanrio Puroland in Tokyo for several days.[28]

Products

The Hello Kitty Airbus A330-200.

Originally aimed at the pre-adolescent female market, the Hello Kitty product range has expanded and goes all the way from dolls, stickers, greeting cards, clothes, accessories, school supplies and stationery to purses, toasters, televisions, other home appliances, massagers, and computer equipment. These products range from mass market items to high-end consumer products and rare collectibles.[29]

Financial

As of 2009, Bank of America began offering Hello Kitty-themed checking accounts, where the account holder can get cheques and a Visa debit card with Kitty's face on it.[30] MasterCard debit cards have featured Hello Kitty as a design since 2004.[31]

High-end

Sanrio stand in Madrid, Spain with the Hello Kitty character outline as the entryway

Sanrio and various corporate partners have released Hello Kitty-branded products, including the Hello Kitty Stratocaster electric guitar (since 2006, with Fender in the US) and even an Airbus A330-200 commercial passenger jet airliner, dubbed the Hello Kitty Jet (2005–2009, with EVA Airways in Taiwan).[32] In late 2011 and early 2012, EVA Air revived their "Hello Kitty Jets" with their 3 new A330-300s. However, due to high demand, the airline added 2 more onto their existing A330-200s in mid-2012. A year after, EVA Air added another Hello Kitty Jet onto one of their 777-300ERs, which not only featured Hello Kitty characters, but other Sanrio characters on that aircraft as well.

2009 marked the collaboration between apparel and accessory Kitty entered the wine market with collection made up of four wines available for purchase online, continuing an expansion of products targeted at older audiences.[33]

Jewelry

In Spring 2005, Simmons Jewelry Co. and Sanrio announced a co-branded jewelery licensed partnership. “Kimora Lee Simmons for Hello Kitty” was launched exclusively at Neiman Marcus prices ranging from $300 to $5000 Designed by Kimora Lee Simmons and launched as the initial collection. The jewelery is all hand-made, consisting of diamonds, gemstones, semi-precious stones, 18K gold, Sterling silver, enamel and ceramic.[34]

In Fall 2008, Simmons Jewelry Co. and Sanrio debuted a collection of fine jewelry and watches named “Hello Kitty® by Simmons Jewelry Co." The collection launched with Zales Corporation to further expand the reach of the brand, and it developed accessories to satisfy every Hello Kitty fan. The designs incorporate colorful gemstones and sterling silver to attract a youthful audience with retail prices starting at $50.[35]

Establishments

File:Hello Kitty cafe Hongdae.JPG
Hello Kitty cafe in Hongdae, Seoul

There is a themed restaurant named Hello Kitty Sweets in Taipei, Taiwan. The restaurant's decor and many of its dishes are patterned after the Hello Kitty character.[36][37]

In 2008, a Hello Kitty-themed maternity hospital opened in Yuanlin, Taiwan. Hello Kitty is featured on the receiving blankets, room decor, bed linens, birth certificate covers, and nurses' uniforms. The hospital's owner explained that he hoped that the theme would help ease the stress of childbirth.[38][39]

Hello Kitty is included as part of the Sanrio livery at the Japanese theme parks Harmonyland and Sanrio Puroland.

There is also a Hello Kitty Cafe, located on an uphill alley off Eoulmadang-ro, the main shopping thoroughfare in Hongdae, Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea.[40] It is one of several locations in the country.

Media

Animated series

There have been several different Hello Kitty TV series. The first animated television series was Hello Kitty's Furry Tale Theater which was 13 episodes long and aired in 1987. The next, an OVA titled Hello Kitty and Friends, came out in 1993 and was also 13 episodes long. Hello Kitty's Paradise came out in 1999 and was 16 episodes long. Hello Kitty's Stump Village came out in 2005 and The Adventures of Hello Kitty & Friends came out in 2006 and has aired 52 episodes. The series called Kiss Hello Kitty was planned to air on Hub Network, but it never happened. There has been no recent news on this series and it is assumed to be in Development Hell.[41]

Hello Kitty's Paradise was a long-running live action children's program that aired on TXN from January 1999 to March 2011. It was the longest-running weekly kids television program in the network's history. In January 2011, the show's creators mutually agreed to end the series after twelve seasons, with the final episode being broadcast on March 29.

Music

Hello Kitty has her own branded album, Hello World, featuring Hello Kitty-inspired songs performed by a collection of artists, including Keke Palmer, Cori Yarckin, and Ainjel Emme.[42]

Hello Kitty was also chosen by AH-Software to be the basis of the new Vocaloid Nekomura Iroha (猫村いろは, Nekomura iroha)[43] to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Sanrio.[44]

Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne has written and recorded a song called "Hello Kitty" for her 5th studio album released in 2013.

Video games

Numerous Hello Kitty games have been produced since the release of the first title for Famicom in 1992; however, the majority of these games were never released outside of Japan. Hello Kitty also has made cameo appearances in games featuring other Sanrio characters, such as the Keroppi game, Kero Kero Keroppi no Bōken Nikki: Nemureru Mori no Keroleen. Special edition consoles such as the Hello Kitty Dreamcast, Hello Kitty Game Boy Pocket, and Hello Kitty Crystal Xbox have also been released exclusively in Japan.

Partial list of Hello Kitty video games

Reception

File:Hello Kitty-Bremen.jpg
Hello Kitty at Children Day in Germany

The Hello Kitty brand rose to greater prominence during the late 1990s. At that time, several celebrities, such as Mariah Carey, had adopted Hello Kitty as a fashion statement.[20] Newer products featuring the character can be found in a large variety of American department stores.

The Dutch artist Dick Bruna, creator of Miffy, has suggested that Hello Kitty is a copy of Miffy (in Dutch: Nijntje), being rendered in a similar style, stating disapprovingly in an interview for the British paper The Daily Telegraph:

'That,' he says darkly, 'is a copy [of Miffy], I think. I don't like that at all. I always think, "No, don't do that. Try to make something that you think of yourself".'[48]

Musti, a cat character created by Belgian cartoonist Ray Goossens, was also cited as an inspiration for Hello Kitty.[49][50]

In May 2008, Japan named Hello Kitty the ambassador of Japanese tourism in both China and Hong Kong, which are two places where the character is exceptionally popular among children and young women. This marked the first time Japan's tourism ministry had appointed a fictional character to the role.[51] Dr Sharon Kinsella, a lecturer at Oxford University on Japanese sociology, called the selection of Hello Kitty "a bit farcical;" "as if a dumbed-down cultural icon ... can somehow do something significant to alter the gnarly and difficult state of China-Japan relations."[20]

UNICEF has also awarded Hello Kitty the exclusive title of UNICEF Special Friend of Children.[52][53]

Hello Kitty's popularity began waning in Japan before the year 2000. In 2002, Hello Kitty lost her place as the top-grossing character in Japan in the Character Databank popularity chart and has never recovered. In a 2010 survey, she was in third place behind Anpanman and Pikachu from Pokémon.[27] In 2010, the New York Times described Hello Kitty's characterization as "not compelling enough to draw many fans" and wrote that analysts called the characterization "weak."[27] They also said that Hello Kitty not having a mouth has dampened her success as an animated TV character.[27]

Controversies

In 1999, a brutal murder known as the Hello Kitty murder took place in Hong Kong. The popular name of the case derives from the fact that the murderer inserted his victim's head into a Hello Kitty doll after decapitating her.[54]

As of August 2007, Thai police officers who have committed minor transgressions such as showing up late or parking in the wrong place are forced to wear pink Hello Kitty armbands for several days as penance.[55]

During the financial crisis of 2007–2010, a poster of a Hello Kitty pre-paid debit card expanded to roughly 1 metre in length was displayed on the floor of the US Senate by Senator Byron Dorgan as a demonstration of extreme methods used by credit companies to attract "children 10 to 14 years of age". It was criticised for its promotional website encouraging users to "shop 'til you drop."[56]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d "Hello Kitty". Sanrio. Archived from the original on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
  3. ^ サンリオキャラクターたちの本名、言えますか？ (in Japanese). 2008-07-11. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
  4. ^ "Hello Kitty Hooks Generations On Cute, Kitsch". NPR. 2010-12-03. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  5. ^ a b Dhamija, Tina (April 1, 2003). "Designing an Icon: Hello Kitty Transcends Generational and Cultural Limits". ToyDirectory. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  6. ^ a b "Hello Kitty celebrates 30". China News Daily. 2005-08-19. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Takagi, Jun (August 21, 2008). "10 Questions for Yuko Yamaguchi". TIME. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  8. ^ Tabuchi, Hiroko (May 14, 2010). "In Search of Adorable, as Hello Kitty Gets Closer to Goodbye". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  9. ^ Detroit Free Press, HELLO KITTY STILL BOWLING ’EM OVER, by Jenee Osterheldt, page D1, July 14, 2014
  10. ^ a b Ashcroft, Brian. "Don't Be Silly, Hello Kitty Is a Cat". Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  11. ^ http://laist.com/2014/08/27/sanrios_shocking_reveal_hello_kitty.php
  12. ^ "Hello Kitty is not a cat, plus more reveals before her L.A. tour". LA Times. 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
  13. ^ "Hello Kitty isn't a cat!? We called Sanrio to find out!". Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  14. ^ "Sanrio - Dear Daniel". Sanrio. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  15. ^ "Sanrio - Charmmy Kitty". Sanrio. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  16. ^ "Hello Kitty, My Melody, and other Sanrio characters at SanrioTown".
  17. ^ a b Belson, K. (2003). Asia times online. The cat who turned kawaii into cash. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Japan/EL13Dh01.html
  18. ^ "Sanrio Europe". Retrieved 2009-09-14.
  19. ^ "Hello Kitty Turns 35". Time. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2012-03-14.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Walker, Esther (21 May 2008). "Top cat: how 'Hello Kitty' conquered the world". London: The Independent. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
  21. ^ "Hello Kitty, You're 30". St. Petersburg Times. November 15, 2004. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  22. ^ a b Tracey, David (May 29, 1999). "The Small White Cat That Conquered Japan". New York Times.
  23. ^ Walker, Rob. Buying In: The Secret Dialogue Between What We Buy and Who We Are. Random House, Inc., 2008. 18. Retrieved from Google Books on August 30, 2010. ISBN 1-4000-6391-4, ISBN 978-1-4000-6391-8.
  24. ^ Nielson, Paula. "Japanese Hello Kitty Derived from Maneki Neko". Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  25. ^ "Maneki Neko The Beckoning Cat and Nang Kwak". Lucky Mojo Curio Company. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  26. ^ Yano, Christine (April 29, 2013). Pink Globalization: Hello Kitty’s Trek Across the Pacific. Duke University Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0822353638. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g Tabuchi, Hiroko (May 14, 2010). "In Search of Adorable, as Hello Kitty Gets Closer to Goodbye". NYTimes.com.
  28. ^ http://www.gotokyo.org/en/tourists/topics_event/topics/141028/topics.html
  29. ^ Paschal (2003-05-18). "Sanrio's Hula Kitty heads to the beach". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved 1998-08-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  30. ^ ""Bank of America's "My Expression Banking" page with the Hello Kitty theme". Retrieved 2010-01-21.
  31. ^ Mayer, Caroline E. (October 3, 2004). "Girls Go From Hello Kitty To Hello Debit Card". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  32. ^ "World's first `Hello Kitty' airplane to make debut Lunar New Year flights". The Taipei Times. December 13, 2005.
  33. ^ Garcia, Catherine (March 26, 2010). "Please pass the bubbly, Hello Kitty". EW.com.
  34. ^ "Kimora Lee Simmons for Hello Kitty". Retrieved 4 May 2011.
  35. ^ "Hello Kitty Fine Jewelry". Retrieved 4 May 2011.
  36. ^ Catherine Shu (March 27, 2009). "RESTAURANTS : Hello Kitty Sweets". Retrieved 2009-10-17.
  37. ^ "Hello Kitty Sweets resto in Taipei (Part I)". April 30, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  38. ^ "Hello baby! Hello Kitty welcomes Taiwan newborns". Reuters. December 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
  39. ^ "Taiwan hospital a hit with Hello Kitty fans". The Sydney Morning Herald. January 21, 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
  40. ^ Lim, Hyun-wook (20 November 2010). "Hongdae's bohemian raps and dancing". Joongang Daily. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
  41. ^ Lockner, Melissa (29 March 2013). "Hello Kitty and KISS to Team Up For New Animated Series". TIME. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  42. ^ "Lakeshore Records". Lakeshore Records.
  43. ^ "VOCALOID2 猫村いろは" (in Japanese). AH Software. Retrieved September 16, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ Fujimoto, Ken (August 16, 2010). "ハローキティといっしょ!×VOCALOID2って何だ!?" (in Japanese). Livedoor. Retrieved August 20, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ "Hello Kitty's Big Fun Piano". MobyGames. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  46. ^ "Hello Kitty: Big City Dreams". IGN. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  47. ^ "Hello Kitty Parachute Paradise". ZIO Interactive.
  48. ^ Daily Telegraph, 31 July 2008, Dick Bruna, creator of the Miffy books, talks about his life and work
  49. ^ "Miffy cracks down on copyright infringements | Radio Netherlands Worldwide". Rnw.nl. 2011-09-07. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  50. ^ "Le Matin, l'actualité en direct: sports, people, politique, économie, multimédia". Lematin.ch. 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  51. ^ "Hello Kitty named Japan tourism ambassador". MSNBC. May 19, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  52. ^ "UNICEF Special Friend of Children". Sanrio. March 23, 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  53. ^ "Hello Kitty marks 30th birthday". The Japan Times Online. June 10, 2004. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
  54. ^ People.com.cn. "People.com.cn." 妙齡女郎慘遭殘酷碎尸 三名疑犯陸續落網. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.
  55. ^ "Thai cops punished by Hello Kitty". BBC News. 2007-08-06. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
  56. ^ "Credit card reform bill: Bye-bye to Hello Kitty?". Retrieved 2010-05-02.
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