Isotopes of bismuth

Bismuth (Bi) has no stable isotopes, but does have one very long-lived isotope; thus, the standard atomic mass can be given. Although bismuth-209 is now known to be unstable, it has classically been considered to be a "stable" isotope because it has a half-life of over 1.9×10¹⁹ years, which is more than a billion (1000 million) times the age of the universe. Besides ²⁰⁹Bi, the most stable bismuth radioisotopes are ^210mBi with a half-life of 3.04 million years, ²⁰⁸Bi with a half-life of 368,000 years and ²⁰⁷Bi, with a half-life of 32.9 years, none of which occur in nature. All other isotopes have half-lives under 1 year, most under a day. Of naturally occurring radioisotopes, the most stable is radiogenic ²¹⁰Bi with a half-life of 5.012 days.

Commercially the radioactive isotope bismuth-213 can be produced by bombarding radium with bremsstrahlung photons from a linear particle accelerator. In 1997 an antibody conjugate with Bi-213, which has a 45 minute half-life, and decays with the emission of an alpha-particle, was used to treat patients with leukemia. This isotope has also been tried in cancer treatment, e.g. in the Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) program.^[1] Bismuth-213 is also found on the decay chain of uranium-233.

Table

nuclide symbol	historic name	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[2]^{[n 2]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 3]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	historic name	excitation energy			half-life^{[n 1]}	decay mode(s)^[2]^{[n 2]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 3]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
¹⁸⁴Bi		83	101	184.00112(14)#	6.6(15) ms			3+#
^184mBi		150(100)# keV			13(2) ms			10-#
¹⁸⁵Bi		83	102	184.99763(6)#	2# ms	p	¹⁸⁴Pb	9/2-#
¹⁸⁵Bi		83	102	184.99763(6)#	2# ms	α (rare)	¹⁸¹Tl	9/2-#
^185mBi		70(50)# keV			49(7) µs	α	¹⁸¹Tl	1/2+
^185mBi		70(50)# keV			49(7) µs	p	¹⁸⁴Pb	1/2+
¹⁸⁶Bi		83	103	185.99660(8)	14.8(7) ms	α	¹⁸²Tl	(3+)
¹⁸⁶Bi		83	103	185.99660(8)	14.8(7) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁸⁶Pb	(3+)
^186mBi		270(140)# keV			9.8(4) ms	α	¹⁸²Tl	(10-)
^186mBi		270(140)# keV			9.8(4) ms	β⁺	¹⁸⁶Pb	(10-)
¹⁸⁷Bi		83	104	186.993158(16)	32(3) ms	α (50%)	¹⁸³Tl	9/2-#
¹⁸⁷Bi		83	104	186.993158(16)	32(3) ms	β⁺ (50%)	¹⁸⁷Pb	9/2-#
^187m1Bi		101(20) keV			320(70) µs			1/2+#
^187m2Bi		252(1) keV			7(5) µs			(13/2+)
¹⁸⁸Bi		83	105	187.99227(5)	44(3) ms	α	¹⁸⁴Tl	3+#
¹⁸⁸Bi		83	105	187.99227(5)	44(3) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁸⁸Pb	3+#
^188mBi		210(140)# keV			220(40) ms	α	¹⁸⁴Tl	(10-)
^188mBi		210(140)# keV			220(40) ms	β⁺ (rare)	¹⁸⁸Pb	(10-)
¹⁸⁹Bi		83	106	188.98920(6)	674(11) ms	α (51%)	¹⁸⁵Tl	(9/2-)
¹⁸⁹Bi		83	106	188.98920(6)	674(11) ms	β⁺ (49%)	¹⁸⁹Pb	(9/2-)
^189m1Bi		181(6) keV			5.0(1) ms			(1/2+)
^189m2Bi		357(1) keV			880(50) ns			(13/2+)
¹⁹⁰Bi		83	107	189.9883(2)	6.3(1) s	α (77%)	¹⁸⁶Tl	(3+)
¹⁹⁰Bi		83	107	189.9883(2)	6.3(1) s	β⁺ (30%)	¹⁹⁰Pb	(3+)
^190m1Bi		420(180) keV			6.2(1) s	α (70%)	¹⁸⁶Tl	(10-)
^190m1Bi		420(180) keV			6.2(1) s	β⁺ (23%)	¹⁹⁰Pb	(10-)
^190m2Bi		690(180) keV			>500(100) ns			7+#
¹⁹¹Bi		83	108	190.985786(8)	12.3(3) s	α (60%)	¹⁸⁷Tl	(9/2-)
¹⁹¹Bi		83	108	190.985786(8)	12.3(3) s	β⁺ (40%)	¹⁹¹Pb	(9/2-)
^191mBi		240(4) keV			124(5) ms	α (75%)	¹⁸⁷Tl	(1/2+)
^191mBi		240(4) keV			124(5) ms	β⁺ (25%)	¹⁹¹Pb	(1/2+)
¹⁹²Bi		83	109	191.98546(4)	34.6(9) s	β⁺ (82%)	¹⁹²Pb	(3+)
¹⁹²Bi		83	109	191.98546(4)	34.6(9) s	α (18%)	¹⁸⁸Tl	(3+)
^192mBi		150(30) keV			39.6(4) s	β⁺ (90.8%)	¹⁹²Pb	(10-)
^192mBi		150(30) keV			39.6(4) s	α (9.2%)	¹⁸⁸Tl	(10-)
¹⁹³Bi		83	110	192.98296(1)	67(3) s	β⁺ (95%)	¹⁹³Pb	(9/2-)
¹⁹³Bi		83	110	192.98296(1)	67(3) s	α (5%)	¹⁸⁹Tl	(9/2-)
^193mBi		308(7) keV			3.2(6) s	α (90%)	¹⁸⁹Tl	(1/2+)
^193mBi		308(7) keV			3.2(6) s	β⁺ (10%)	¹⁹³Pb	(1/2+)
¹⁹⁴Bi		83	111	193.98283(5)	95(3) s	β⁺ (99.54%)	¹⁹⁴Pb	(3+)
¹⁹⁴Bi		83	111	193.98283(5)	95(3) s	α (.46%)	¹⁹⁰Tl	(3+)
^194m1Bi		110(70) keV			125(2) s	β⁺	¹⁹⁴Pb	(6+,7+)
^194m1Bi		110(70) keV			125(2) s	α (rare)	¹⁹⁰Tl	(6+,7+)
^194m2Bi		230(90)# keV			115(4) s			(10-)
¹⁹⁵Bi		83	112	194.980651(6)	183(4) s	β⁺ (99.97%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(9/2-)
¹⁹⁵Bi		83	112	194.980651(6)	183(4) s	α (.03%)	¹⁹¹Tl	(9/2-)
^195m1Bi		399(6) keV			87(1) s	β⁺ (67%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(1/2+)
^195m1Bi		399(6) keV			87(1) s	α (33%)	¹⁹¹Tl	(1/2+)
^195m2Bi		2311.4+X keV			750(50) ns			(29/2-)
¹⁹⁶Bi		83	113	195.980667(26)	5.1(2) min	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁹⁶Pb	(3+)
¹⁹⁶Bi		83	113	195.980667(26)	5.1(2) min	α (.00115%)	¹⁹²Tl	(3+)
^196m1Bi		166.6(30) keV			0.6(5) s	IT	¹⁹⁶Bi	(7+)
^196m1Bi		166.6(30) keV			0.6(5) s	β⁺	¹⁹⁶Pb	(7+)
^196m2Bi		270(3) keV			4.00(5) min			(10-)
¹⁹⁷Bi		83	114	196.978864(9)	9.33(50) min	β⁺ (99.99%)	¹⁹⁷Pb	(9/2-)
¹⁹⁷Bi		83	114	196.978864(9)	9.33(50) min	α (10⁻⁴%)	¹⁹³Tl	(9/2-)
^197m1Bi		690(110) keV			5.04(16) min	α (55%)	¹⁹³Tl	(1/2+)
						β⁺ (45%)	¹⁹⁷Pb
						IT (.3%)	¹⁹⁷Bi
^197m2Bi		2129.3(4) keV			204(18) ns			(23/2-)
^197m3Bi		2360.4(5)+X keV			263(13) ns			(29/2-)
^197m4Bi		2383.1(7)+X keV			253(39) ns			(29/2-)
^197m5Bi		2929.5(5) keV			209(30) ns			(31/2-)
¹⁹⁸Bi		83	115	197.97921(3)	10.3(3) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁸Pb	(2+,3+)
^198m1Bi		280(40) keV			11.6(3) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁸Pb	(7+)
^198m2Bi		530(40) keV			7.7(5) s			10-
¹⁹⁹Bi		83	116	198.977672(13)	27(1) min	β⁺	¹⁹⁹Pb	9/2-
^199m1Bi		667(4) keV			24.70(15) min	β⁺ (98%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	(1/2+)
						IT (2%)	¹⁹⁹Bi
						α (.01%)	¹⁹⁵Tl
^199m2Bi		1947(25) keV			0.10(3) µs			(25/2+)
^199m3Bi		~2547.0 keV			168(13) ns			29/2-
²⁰⁰Bi		83	117	199.978132(26)	36.4(5) min	β⁺	²⁰⁰Pb	7+
^200m1Bi		100(70)# keV			31(2) min	EC (90%)	²⁰⁰Pb	(2+)
^200m1Bi		100(70)# keV			31(2) min	IT (10%)	²⁰⁰Bi	(2+)
^200m2Bi		428.20(10) keV			400(50) ms			(10-)
²⁰¹Bi		83	118	200.977009(16)	108(3) min	β⁺ (99.99%)	²⁰¹Pb	9/2-
²⁰¹Bi		83	118	200.977009(16)	108(3) min	α (10⁻⁴%)	¹⁹⁷Tl	9/2-
^201m1Bi		846.34(21) keV			59.1(6) min	EC (92.9%)	²⁰¹Pb	1/2+
						IT (6.8%)	²⁰¹Bi
						α (.3%)	¹⁹⁷Tl
^201m2Bi		1932.2+X keV			118(28) ns			(25/2+)
^201m3Bi		1971.2+X keV			105(75) ns			(27/2+)
^201m4Bi		2739.90(20)+X keV			124(4) ns			(29/2-)
²⁰²Bi		83	119	201.977742(22)	1.72(5) h	β⁺	²⁰²Pb	5(+#)
²⁰²Bi		83	119	201.977742(22)	1.72(5) h	α (10⁻⁵%)	¹⁹⁸Tl	5(+#)
^202m1Bi		615(7) keV			3.04(6) µs			(10#)-
^202m2Bi		2607.1(5) keV			310(50) ns			(17+)
²⁰³Bi		83	120	202.976876(23)	11.76(5) h	β⁺	²⁰³Pb	9/2-
²⁰³Bi		83	120	202.976876(23)	11.76(5) h	α (10⁻⁵%)	¹⁹⁹Tl	9/2-
^203m1Bi		1098.14(7) keV			303(5) ms	IT	²⁰³Bi	1/2+
^203m2Bi		2041.5(6) keV			194(30) ns			25/2+
²⁰⁴Bi		83	121	203.977813(28)	11.22(10) h	β⁺	²⁰⁴Pb	6+
^204m1Bi		805.5(3) keV			13.0(1) ms	IT	²⁰⁴Bi	10-
^204m2Bi		2833.4(11) keV			1.07(3) ms			(17+)
²⁰⁵Bi		83	122	204.977389(8)	15.31(4) d	β⁺	²⁰⁵Pb	9/2-
²⁰⁶Bi		83	123	205.978499(8)	6.243(3) d	β⁺	²⁰⁶Pb	6(+)
^206m1Bi		59.897(17) keV			7.7(2) µs			(4+)
^206m2Bi		1044.8(5) keV			890(10) µs			(10-)
²⁰⁷Bi		83	124	206.9784707(26)	32.9(14) a	β⁺	²⁰⁷Pb	9/2-
^207mBi		2101.49(16) keV			182(6) µs			21/2+
²⁰⁸Bi		83	125	207.9797422(25)	3.68(4)×10⁵ a	β⁺	²⁰⁸Pb	(5)+
^208mBi		1571.1(4) keV			2.58(4) ms	IT	²⁰⁸Bi	(10)-
²⁰⁹Bi^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}		83	126	208.9803987(16)	1.9(2)×10¹⁹ a^{[n 6]}	α	²⁰⁵Tl	9/2-	1.0000
²¹⁰Bi	Radium E	83	127	209.9841204(16)	5.012(5) d	β^-	²¹⁰Po	1-	Trace^{[n 7]}
²¹⁰Bi	Radium E	83	127	209.9841204(16)	5.012(5) d	α (1.32×10⁻⁴%)	²⁰⁶Tl	1-	Trace^{[n 7]}
^210mBi		271.31(11) keV			3.04(6)×10⁶ a	α	²⁰⁶Tl	9-
²¹¹Bi	Actinium C	83	128	210.987269(6)	2.14(2) min	α (99.72%)	²⁰⁷Tl	9/2-	Trace^{[n 8]}
²¹¹Bi	Actinium C	83	128	210.987269(6)	2.14(2) min	β^- (.276%)	²¹¹Po	9/2-	Trace^{[n 8]}
^211mBi		1257(10) keV			1.4(3) µs			(25/2-)
²¹²Bi	Thorium C	83	129	211.9912857(21)	60.55(6) min	β^- (64.05%)	²¹²Po	1(-)	Trace^{[n 9]}
						α (35.94%)	²⁰⁸Tl
						β^-, α (.014%)	²⁰⁸Pb
^212m1Bi		250(30) keV			25.0(2) min	α (67%)	²⁰⁸Tl	(9-)
						β^- (33%)	^212mPo
						β^-, α (.3%)	²⁰⁸Pb
^212m2Bi		2200(200)# keV			7.0(3) min			>15
²¹³Bi^{[n 10]}		83	130	212.994385(5)	45.59(6) min	β^- (97.91%)	²¹³Po	9/2-
²¹³Bi^{[n 10]}		83	130	212.994385(5)	45.59(6) min	α (2.09%)	²⁰⁹Tl	9/2-
²¹⁴Bi	Radium C	83	131	213.998712(12)	19.9(4) min	β^- (99.97%)	²¹⁴Po	1-	Trace^{[n 7]}
						α (.021%)	²¹⁰Tl
						β^-, α (.003%)	²¹⁰Pb
²¹⁵Bi		83	132	215.001770(16)	7.6(2) min	β^-	²¹⁵Po	(9/2-)	Trace^{[n 8]}
^215mBi		1347.5(25) keV			36.4(25) min			(25/2-)
²¹⁶Bi		83	133	216.006306(12)	2.17(5) min	β^-	²¹⁶Po	1-#
²¹⁷Bi		83	134	217.00947(21)#	98.5(8) s			9/2-#
²¹⁸Bi		83	135	218.01432(39)#	33(1) s			1-#

^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
^ Bold for stable isotopes
^ Formerly believed to be final decay product of 4n+1 decay chain
^ Primordial radioisotope, also some is radiogenic from the extinct nuclide ²³⁷Np
^ Formerly believed to be the heaviest stable nuclide
^ ^a ^b Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U
^ ^a ^b Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U
^ Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th
^ Used in medicine

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

References

^ Imam, S (2001). "Advancements in cancer therapy with alpha-emitters: a review". International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 51: 271. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01585-1.
^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)

[2] Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)

[4] Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition

[5] Bold for stable isotopes

[6] Formerly believed to be final decay product of 4n+1 decay chain

[7] Primordial radioisotope, also some is radiogenic from the extinct nuclide ²³⁷Np

[8] Formerly believed to be the heaviest stable nuclide

[us-9] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁸U

[as-10] Intermediate decay product of ²³⁵U

[11] Intermediate decay product of ²³²Th

[12] Used in medicine

[1] Imam, S (2001). "Advancements in cancer therapy with alpha-emitters: a review". International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 51: 271. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01585-1.

[3] ttp://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx

[1]

[n 1]

[2]

[n 2]

[n 3]

[n 4]

[n 5]

[n 6]

[n 7]

[n 8]

[n 9]

[n 10]

Table

Notes

See also

References