Isotopes of titanium
Naturally occurring titanium (Ti) is composed of 5 stable isotopes; 46Ti, 47Ti, 48Ti, 49Ti and 50Ti with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8% natural abundance). Twenty-one radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 44Ti with a half-life of 60 years, 45Ti with a half-life of 184.8 minutes, 51Ti with a half-life of 5.76 minutes, and 52Ti with a half-life of 1.7 minutes. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 33 seconds and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half a second.[1] The least stable is 61Ti, but it has a half-life somewhat longer than 300 nanoseconds.
The isotopes of titanium range in atomic weight from 38.01 u (38Ti) to 62.99 u (63Ti). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 48Ti, is β+ and the primary mode after is β-. The primary decay products before 48Ti are scandium isotopes and the primary products after are vanadium isotopes.[1]
Standard atomic mass: 47.867(1) u
Table
nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)[2][n 1] |
daughter isotope(s)[n 2] |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
excitation energy | |||||||||
38Ti | 22 | 16 | 38.00977(27)# | <120 ns | 2p | 36Ca | 0+ | ||
39Ti | 22 | 17 | 39.00161(22)# | 31(4) ms [31(+6-4) ms] |
β+, p (85%) | 38Ca | 3/2+# | ||
β+ (15%) | 39Sc | ||||||||
β+, 2p (<.1%) | 37K | ||||||||
40Ti | 22 | 18 | 39.99050(17) | 53.3(15) ms | β+ (56.99%) | 40Sc | 0+ | ||
β+, p (43.01%) | 39Ca | ||||||||
41Ti | 22 | 19 | 40.98315(11)# | 80.4(9) ms | β+, p (>99.9%) | 40Ca | 3/2+ | ||
β+ (<.1%) | 41Sc | ||||||||
42Ti | 22 | 20 | 41.973031(6) | 199(6) ms | β+ | 42Sc | 0+ | ||
43Ti | 22 | 21 | 42.968522(7) | 509(5) ms | β+ | 43Sc | 7/2- | ||
43m1Ti | 313.0(10) keV | 12.6(6) µs | (3/2+) | ||||||
43m2Ti | 3066.4(10) keV | 560(6) ns | (19/2-) | ||||||
44Ti | 22 | 22 | 43.9596901(8) | 60.0(11) a | EC | 44Sc | 0+ | ||
45Ti | 22 | 23 | 44.9581256(11) | 184.8(5) min | β+ | 45Sc | 7/2- | ||
46Ti | 22 | 24 | 45.9526316(9) | Stable | 0+ | 0.0825(3) | |||
47Ti | 22 | 25 | 46.9517631(9) | Stable | 5/2- | 0.0744(2) | |||
48Ti | 22 | 26 | 47.9479463(9) | Stable | 0+ | 0.7372(3) | |||
49Ti | 22 | 27 | 48.9478700(9) | Stable | 7/2- | 0.0541(2) | |||
50Ti | 22 | 28 | 49.9447912(9) | Stable | 0+ | 0.0518(2) | |||
51Ti | 22 | 29 | 50.946615(1) | 5.76(1) min | β- | 51V | 3/2- | ||
52Ti | 22 | 30 | 51.946897(8) | 1.7(1) min | β- | 52V | 0+ | ||
53Ti | 22 | 31 | 52.94973(11) | 32.7(9) s | β- | 53V | (3/2)- | ||
54Ti | 22 | 32 | 53.95105(13) | 1.5(4) s | β- | 54V | 0+ | ||
55Ti | 22 | 33 | 54.95527(16) | 490(90) ms | β- | 55V | 3/2-# | ||
56Ti | 22 | 34 | 55.95820(21) | 164(24) ms | β- (>99.9%) | 56V | 0+ | ||
β-, n (<.1%) | 55V | ||||||||
57Ti | 22 | 35 | 56.96399(49) | 60(16) ms | β- (>99.9%) | 57V | 5/2-# | ||
β-, n (<.1%) | 56V | ||||||||
58Ti | 22 | 36 | 57.96697(75)# | 54(7) ms | β- | 58V | 0+ | ||
59Ti | 22 | 37 | 58.97293(75)# | 30(3) ms | β- | 59V | (5/2-)# | ||
60Ti | 22 | 38 | 59.97676(86)# | 22(2) ms | β- | 60V | 0+ | ||
61Ti | 22 | 39 | 60.98320(97)# | 10# ms [>300 ns] |
β- | 61V | 1/2-# | ||
β-, n | 60V | ||||||||
62Ti | 22 | 40 | 61.98749(97)# | 10# ms | 0+ | ||||
63Ti | 22 | 41 | 62.99442(107)# | 3# ms | 1/2-# |
- ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture - ^ Bold for stable isotopes
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- ^ a b Barbalace, Kenneth L. (2006). "Periodic Table of Elements: Ti - Titanium". Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- ^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx
- Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
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: Unknown parameter|laysummary=
ignored (help)
- J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0849304859.
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- G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.