2001 Italian general election
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All 630 seats in the Italian Chamber of Deputies 315 seats in the Italian Senate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 81.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Legislative election results map. Azure denotes provinces with a Forza Italia plurality, Red denotes those with a Democrats of the Left plurality, Green denotes those with a Daisy plurality, Gray denotes those with a Regionalist plurality. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A national general election was held in Italy on 13 May 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. The 14th Parliament of the Italian republic was chosen.
The election was won by the centre-right coalition House of Freedoms led by Silvio Berlusconi, defeating Francesco Rutelli, former Mayor of Rome, and Prime Ministerial candidate of the centre-left coalition The Olive Tree, and rising back to power after Berlusconi's first victory, in the 1994 general election.
Electoral system
The intricate electoral system, called scorporo, provided 75% of the seats on the Chamber of Deputies (the Lower House) as elected by first-past-the-post system, whereas the remaining 25% was assigned on a proportional way with a minimum threshold of 4%.
The method used for the Senate was even more complicated: 75% of seats by uninominal method, and 25% by a special proportional method that actually assigned the remaining seats to minority parties. Formally these were examples of additional member systems.
General election
Campaign
For this election Berlusconi again ran as leader of the centre-right coalition the House of Freedoms (Italian: La Casa delle Libertà), which included the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats, the Lega Nord, the National Alliance and other parties.
On the television interviews programme Porta a Porta, during the last days of the electoral campaign, Berlusconi created a powerful impression on the public by undertaking to sign a so-called Contratto con gli Italiani (English: Contract with the Italians), an idea copied outright by his advisor Luigi Crespi from the Newt Gingrich's Contract with America introduced six weeks before the 1994 US Congressional election,[1] which was widely considered to be a creative masterstroke in his 2001 campaign bid for prime ministership. In this solemn agreement, Berlusconi claimed his commitment on improving several aspects of the Italian economy and life. Firstly, he undertook to simplify the complex tax system by introducing just two tax rates (33% for those earning over 100,000 euros, and 23% for anyone earning less than that figure: anyone earning less than 11,000 euros a year would not be taxed); secondly, he promised to halve the unemployment rate; thirdly, he undertook to finance and develop a massive new public works programme. Fourthly, he promised to raise the minimum monthly pension rate to 516 euros; and fifthly, he would suppress the crime wave by introducing police officers to patrol all local zones and areas in Italy's major cities.[2] Berlusconi undertook to refrain from putting himself up for re-election in 2006 if he failed to honour at least four of these five promises.
Parties and leaders
Coalitions and electoral list
- Leaders
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Results
Chamber of Deputies
Proportional
In 2001 the proportional list exhausted before all the deputies - which the winning party was entitled to - were declared elected.[3]
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| Party | % | Votes | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor="Template:Forza Italia/meta/color" | | Forza Italia | 29.43 | 10,923,431 | 62 | |
| bgcolor="Template:Democrats of the Left/meta/color"| | Democrats of the Left | 16.57 | 6,151,154 | 31 | |
| bgcolor="Template:The Daisy/meta/color"| | Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy | 14.52 | 5,391,827 | 27 | |
| bgcolor="Template:National Alliance (Italy)/meta/color"| | National Alliance | 12.02 | 4,463,205 | 24 | |
| bgcolor="Template:Communist Refoundation Party/meta/color"| | Communist Refoundation Party | 5.03 | 1,868,659 | 11 | |
| bgcolor="Template:Lega Nord/meta/color"| | Lega Nord | 3.94 | 1,464,301 | 0 | |
| bgcolor="Template:Italy of Values/meta/color"| | Italy of Values | 3.89 | 1,443,725 | 0 | |
| White Flower (CCD–CDU) | 3.22 | 1,194,040 | 0 | ||
| European Democracy | 2.39 | 888,269 | 0 | ||
| Bonino List | 2.24 | 832,213 | 0 | ||
| bgcolor="Template:Federation of the Greens/meta/color" | | The Sunflower (FdV–SDI) | 2.17 | 805,340 | 0 | |
| Party of Italian Communists | 1.67 | 620,859 | 0 | ||
| bgcolor="Template:Italian Socialist Party/meta/color"| | New Italian Socialist Party | 0.95 | 353,269 | 0 | |
| South Tyrolean People's Party | 0.54 | 200,059 | 0 | ||
| bgcolor="Template:Tricolour Flame/meta/color" | | Tricolour Flame | 0.39 | 143,963 | 0 | |
| Veneto Front League | 0.20 | 74,353 | 0 | ||
| bgcolor="Template:Pensioners' Party (Italy)/meta/color" | | Pensioners' Party | 0.18 | 68,349 | 0 | |
| Sardinian Action Party–Sardinia Nation | 0.09 | 34,412 | 0 | ||
| New Country | 0.09 | 34,193 | 0 | ||
| Abolizione Scorporo | 0.07 | 26,917 | 0 | ||
| Southern Action League | 0.06 | 23,779 | 0 | ||
| National Social Front | 0.06 | 22,985 | 0 | ||
| Greens Greens | 0.05 | 18,262 | 0 | ||
| New Force | 0.04 | 13,622 | 0 | ||
| Amadu List | 0.03 | 11,517 | 0 | ||
| European Republicans | 0.02 | 7,997 | 0 | ||
| We Sicilians | 0.02 | 7,637 | 0 | ||
| Movement of Freedoms | 0.02 | 6,754 | 0 | ||
| Free and Strong | 0.02 | 6,722 | 0 | ||
| Autonomist Socialists | 0.02 | 6,492 | 0 | ||
| Stop! | 0.02 | 6,332 | 0 | ||
| Communism | 0.01 | 5,244 | 0 | ||
| Third Pole for Autonomy | 0.01 | 2,915 | 0 | ||
| Total | 100.00 | 37,122,776 | 155 | ||
First-past-the-post
Template:Italian general election, 2001-Deputies
Overall result
Senate of the Republic
Overall result
References
- ^ Gingrich, Newt; Armey, Dick (1994). Contract With America: The Bold Plan.
- ^ Ricolfi, Luca (2005). Dossier Italia: a che punto è il 'contratto con gli italiani. Il mulino.
- ^ Buonomo, Giampiero (2001). "Cercansi candidati per 14 seggi. La speranza della (lista) civetta". Diritto&Giustizia edizione online. – via Questia (subscription required)
External links
- Repubblica.it: About 2001 Election (in Italian)
- Corriere della Sera: About 2001 Election (in Italian)
- CNN.com: About 2001 Election
- Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 2001 Election Results, Chamber of Deputies (in Italian)
- Minister of Internal Affairs of Italy: 2001 Election Results, Senate of the Republic (in Italian)
