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Juan Trippe

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Juan Trippe
File:Tran12G7.jpg
Born
Juan Terry Trippe

(1899-06-27)June 27, 1899
Sea Bright, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedApril 3, 1981(1981-04-03) (aged 81)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Cause of deathStroke
Resting placeGreen-Wood Cemetery
NationalityAmerican
EducationThe Bovea School
The Hill School
Alma materYale University
OccupationAirline entrepreneur
Spouse
Elizabeth "Betty" Stettinius Trippe
​
​
(m. 1928⁠–⁠1981)​
ChildrenElizabeth Trippe
John Terry Trippe
Charles White Trippe
Edward Stettinius Trippe
RelativesJohn Trippe (great-great-grandfather)
AwardsDaniel Guggenheim Medal (1941)
Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy (1966)

Juan Terry Trippe (June 27, 1899 – April 3, 1981) was an American commercial aviation pioneer, entrepreneur and the founder of Pan American World Airways, one of the iconic airlines of the twentieth century.

Early years

Trippe was born in Sea Bright, New Jersey, on June 27, 1899, the great-great-grandson of Lieutenant John Trippe, captain of the USS Vixen.[1] Because of his forename he is widely assumed to have been of Spanish descent, but his family was actually Northern European in ancestry and settled in Maryland in 1664. He was named after Juanita Terry, the Venezuelan wife of his great-uncle.[2] Trippe attended the Bovea School and graduated from the Hill School in 1917.[1]

He enrolled at Yale University but left when the United States entered World War I to apply for flight training with the U.S. Navy. After completing training in June 1918, he was designated as a Naval Aviator and was commissioned as an Ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve.[3][4] However, the end of World War I precluded him from flying in combat. Demobilized from active duty, he returned to Yale University, graduating in 1921. While at Yale, he was a member of St. Anthony Hall and of the Skull and Bones society. Trippe was treasurer at the first-ever meet of the National Intercollegiate Flying Association in 1920.[5]

Career

After graduation from Yale, Trippe began working on Wall Street, but soon became bored. In 1922 he raised money from his old Yale classmates, selling them stock in his new airline, which he called Long Island Airways, an air-taxi service for the rich and powerful.[6] Once again tapping his wealthy friends from Yale, Trippe invested in an airline named Colonial Air Transport, which was awarded a new route and an airmail contract on October 7, 1925.[7] Interested in operating to the Caribbean, Trippe created the Aviation Corporation of the Americas. Based in Florida, the company would evolve into the unofficial US flag carrier, Pan American Airways, commonly known as Pan Am.

Years at Pan Am

Main article: Pan American World Airways

Pan Am's first flight took off on October 19, 1927, from Key West, Florida, to Havana, Cuba, in a hired Fairchild FC-2 floatplane being delivered to West Indian Aerial Express in the Dominican Republic. The return flight from Havana to Key West, in a Pan Am Fokker F.VII, took place October 29, being delayed from the 28th by rain.

Later, Trippe bought the China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC) to provide domestic air service in the Republic of China, and became a partner in Panagra. In the 1930s. Pan Am became the first airline to cross the Pacific Ocean with the famous Clipper flying boats.

Trippe served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the airline for all but about two years between the founding of the company and the Second World War. "Sonny" Whitney, a stockholder, managed to seize this position. He later regretted his action and allowed Trippe to retake it. For a long time Trippe refused to pardon Whitney. At one point, he even agreed to meet Whitney for lunch for a reconciliation but changed his mind and turned around shortly after departing from his office in the Chrysler Building.

Trippe on the cover of Time magazine, July 1933

Pan Am continued to expand worldwide throughout World War II. Trippe is responsible for several innovations in the airline world. A firm believer in the idea of air travel for all, Trippe is credited as the father of the tourist class in the airline industry, and was the driving force behind Pan Am's formation of the InterContinental hotel group.[8]

Trippe quickly recognized the opportunities presented by jet aircraft and ordered several Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 airplanes. Pan Am's first jet flight was operated in October, 1958 by a 707 out of Idlewild International Airport (now JFK) to Paris. The new jets allowed Pan Am to introduce lower fares and fly more passengers.

In 1965, Trippe asked his friend Bill Allen at Boeing to produce an airplane much larger than the 707. The result was the Boeing 747, and Pan Am was the first customer. Originally, Trippe believed the 747 would ultimately be destined to haul cargo only and would be replaced by faster, supersonic aircraft which were then being developed. The supersonic airliners failed to materialize with the exception of the Concorde and Tupolev Tu-144 and the 747 became the iconic image of international travel. In 1965, Trippe received the Tony Jannus Award for his distinguished contributions to commercial aviation.

Trippe gave up the presidency of the airline in 1968. He continued to attend meetings of the Board of Directors and maintained an office in the company's Park Avenue office building.

Brewster and Hughes Controversy

In 1947 Owen Brewster was chairman of the special Senate committee investigating defense procurement during World War II. He claimed concern that Howard Hughes had received $40 million from the Defense Department without actually delivering the aircraft he had contracted to provide, but before the hearings Brewster offered to drop the investigation if Hughes would allow TWA to merge with Pan Am.[9]

Juan Trippe had supported the Community Airline Bill that would give Pan Am exclusivity on International flights from the U.S. and Hughes suspected Brewster's hearings were intended to harm TWA and help Trippe.[10]

Personal life

Trippe was a member of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews in Scotland and president of the Maidstone Club in East Hampton, New York, from 1940 to 1944.

Marriage and children

Trippe married Elizabeth "Betty" Stettinius Trippe (1904–1983), the sister of United States Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., in 1928.[11] They had four children, Elizabeth ("Betsy"), John Terry, Charles White, and Edward Stettinius Trippe, who now resides in Tucker's Town, Bermuda, where he is executive director of the Tucker's Point Club and serves on Bermuda International Airport's advisory board.[12][13] The couple remained married until Trippe's death in 1981.[14]

Death

Trippe suffered a stroke in September 1980 which forced him to cut back on his workload.[2] He died after suffering a second stroke at his New York City home on April 3, 1981, at the age of 81.[1] He is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[15]

Legacy

In 1985, Trippe was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom by United States President Ronald Reagan.[15] Trippe was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1990.[16] An endowed chair at the Yale University School of Management is the "Juan Trippe Professor in the Practice of International Trade, Finance, and Business".[17]

He was portrayed by Pat O'Brien in 1936's The China Clipper, and by Alec Baldwin in Martin Scorsese's 2004 film, The Aviator.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Juan Trippe, 81, Dies; U.S. Aviation Pioneer". New York Times. April 4, 1981. Retrieved 2010-11-23.
  2. ^ a b "Juan Trippe, Pan Am Founder, Dies". New York Times in the Daytona Beach Morning Journal. April 4, 1981. p. 5D. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
  3. ^ Daley, Robert (1980). An American Saga. New York: Random House. p. 7. ISBN 0-394-50223-X.
  4. ^ "Juan Trippe Entrepreneur". National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2013-04-14.
  5. ^ "1920 NIFA Meet Program" (PDF). National Intercollegiate Flying Association. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  6. ^ Gandt, Robert (1995). Skygods: The Fall of Pan Am. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. p. 12. ISBN 0-688-04615-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  7. ^ Gandt 1995, p. 13.
  8. ^ "A Trippe Down Memory Lane"
  9. ^ Higham, Charles (2013). Howard Hughes: The Secret Life. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 128. ISBN 9781466853157. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  10. ^ Barlett, Donald L.; Steele, James B. (2011). Howard Hughes: His Life and Madness. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 146. ISBN 9780393078589. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  11. ^ Carey, Charles W. (2009). American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, and Business Visionaries. Infobase Publishing. p. 343. ISBN 0-816-06883-6.
  12. ^ Hill, René (March 7, 2009). "Gala to benefit hospital". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  13. ^ Chaplin, Julia (June 19, 2005). "Going to Bermuda". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  14. ^ "Elizabeth Trippe, 79; Active in Social Work". nytimes.com. May 14, 1983.
  15. ^ a b Mosca, Alexandra Kathryn (2008). Green-Wood Cemetery. Arcadia Publishing. p. 59. ISBN 0-738-55650-5.
  16. ^ Fortune Magazine 1990 Business Hall of Fame
  17. ^ "Yale School of Management / Faculty & Research". Retrieved 2012-07-23.
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