Kiki's Delivery Service

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Martin451 (talk | contribs) at 23:21, 10 November 2009 (Reverted edits by 24.36.86.187 to last revision by 68.158.32.123 (HG)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This article is about the anime film. For Eiko Kadono's original novel, see Kiki's Delivery Service (novel).
Kiki's Delivery Service
魔女の宅急便
Japanese theatrical poster illustrated by Hayao Miyazaki.
Directed byHayao Miyazaki
Written byHayao Miyazaki (original script)
Based on the book by Eiko Kadono
Produced byHayao Miyazaki
Toru Hara
StarringMinami Takayama
Rei Sakuma
Kappei Yamaguchi
CinematographyShigeo Sugimura
Edited byTakeshi Seyama
Music byJoe Hisaishi
Distributed byToei Company (Japan)
Buena Vista International (worldwide)
Release dates
Japan:
July 29, 1989
United States:
May 23, 1998
United Kingdom:
November 10, 2003
France:
March 31, 2004
Australia:
July 8, 2004
Denmark:
October 12, 2007
Running time
102 minutes
Country Japan
LanguageJapanese
Budget¥800,000,000 (estimated)
$6,927,244.46

Kiki's Delivery Service (魔女の宅急便, Majo no Takkyūbin, translated "Witch's Delivery Service") is a 1989 Japanese animated fantasy film produced, written, and directed by Hayao Miyazaki and the fifth Studio Ghibli anime film. It was the fourth theatrically released film from the studio, and was also the second feature film that Miyazaki directed but did not originally write himself. The film won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize in 1989. [2] Kiki's Delivery Service is based on Eiko Kadono's novel of the same name, which is the first in a series originally published by Fukuinkan Shoten in 1985. The film adaptation includes only some of the episodes in the book; it ends at the end of summer while the book covers an entire calendar year. The movie depicts the gulf that exists between independence and reliance in the hopes and spirit of ordinary Japanese teenage girls.[1]

It was the first Studio Ghibli movie released under the Disney/Studio Ghibli partnership; Disney recorded an English dub in 1997, which theatrical premiered in the United States at the Seattle International Film Festival[2] May 23, 1998. It was released on home video in the U.S. on September 1, 1998.[3]

Plot

Kiki is a 13-year-old witch-in-training, living in a small rural village where her mother is the resident herbalist. The film opens at the time traditional for Kiki to leave her home to spend a year alone in a new town to establish herself as a full witch. Kiki therefore flies off on her mother's broom with her closest companion, Jiji, a loquacious black cat. At her departure from home, she has trouble controlling her newly inherited broom, and ricochets off of the trees in her front yard.

Soon after leaving, Kiki asks Jiji to turn on the radio. He flips to a lively pop song and the beginning credits roll. After the credits and song finish, Kiki and Jiji meet another witch in training. After giving some advice about inner skills, this newcomer flies down to the town where she is staying. Seconds after she leaves, Kiki and Jiji are caught in a thunderstorm, from which they take overnight refuge in a train - specifically, in a cattle transport wagon. The next morning, Kiki and Jiji leave to find a place to settle in.

Kiki and Jiji (sitting on Kiki's back) flying by the clock tower in Koriko just after arriving. It has been noted that the "vibrant" Stockholm-inspired city gives a sense of safety as well as independence.[4]

Kiki settles in the beautiful seaside European city of Koriko, and, after initially finding it difficult to adjust to the city's pace of life, finds friends and a new home with a baker and her husband, and starts a delivery service that takes advantage of her ability to fly. Kiki experiences several setbacks, such as slow business, misplaced merchandise, rude customers, and illness. She also must contend with her loneliness, worries, and homesickness. Having caught the eye of Tombo, a local boy about her age who has an interest in aviation and in Kiki herself, she at first rebuffs him, though she slowly begins to warm up to him. Jiji simultaneously courts a local cat named Lily, who had earlier snubbed him.

Because of slowly growing insecurity that finally comes to a head, Kiki's powers diminish and ultimately disappear, to her great shame. She also learns that, because of her loss of powers, Jiji has lost the ability to speak to her. Kiki learns about overcoming such obstacles with the help of a newfound friend, a young artist named Ursula, who gives Kiki advice regarding inspiration that she needs in order to regain her magical abilities.

In a moment of deadly crisis, Tombo is accidentally lifted into the air when some strong summer winds blow the dirigible into town. When she is his only hope of rescue, Kiki finds the inspiration to regain her flying ability. Improvising with a street-sweeper's push broom, Kiki manages to rescue Tombo with considerable difficulty. At that adventure's conclusion, Jiji rejoins her, and they are once again able to talk to each other. Suddenly famous, she sends home a simple, modest letter to her parents, saying that she is becoming used to her new home and that things are working out well for her.

The story continues through the end titles, as she flies a high-guard formation with Tombo as he flies his human-powered aircraft in a flight sequence obviously inspired by the Gossamer Albatross. Later, she is on the street of her town and notices a little girl walking past, because the little girl has her hair and clothing styled like Kiki's and is even carrying a small deck broom like the one Kiki flew to save Tombo - an indication of her having become a local celebrity. Jiji and Lily are also shown, with several kittens in tow.

Production

The Kiki’s Delivery Service project started in spring of 1987,[5] when Group Fudosha asked the publishers of Eiko Kadono’s book if they could adapt it into a featured film directed by Hayao Miyazaki or Isao Takahata of Studio Ghibli. Due to the approval of Miyazaki’s film My Neighbor Totoro[6] and Takahata’s film Grave of the Fireflies for production, neither Miyazaki nor Takahata was available to take up the direction of the project at the moment.

File:Kiki's Delivery Service Screenshot 04 Osono and Kiki.jpg
Osono and Kiki serving customers at Guchokipanya Bakery. The name of the bakery was a joke by Eiko Kadono, making reference to Guchokipa, an alternate name for jankenpon, or Rock, Paper, Scissors.[7]

Miyazaki took up the role as producer of the film while the position of director was still unfilled.[8] During the start of the project and the nearing of Totoro's completion, members of Studio Ghibli were being recruited for senior staff for the Kiki’s Delivery Service project. The character design position was given to Katsuya Kondo, who was working with Miyazaki on Totoro. Hiroshi Ohno, who would later work on projects such as Jin-Roh, was hired as art director, partly because he was requested by Kazuo Oga, who was part of Miyazaki's Totoro team as well.

Although many positions had been filled, the project still lacked a director. Miyazaki, busy with Totoro, looked at many directors himself, but found none he thought fit to articulate the project. Ghibli hired an anonymous screenwriter, but Miyazaki was disappointed by the first draft, finding it dry and too divergent from his own vision of the film. Studio Ghibli rejected this draft of the screenplay after Miyazaki voiced his disapproval.[5]

Finally, when Totoro was finished and released, Miyazaki began to look more closely at Kiki’s Delivery Service. He started by writing a screenplay himself, and since Majo no Takkyūbin was based in a fictional country in northern Europe, he and the senior staff went to research landscapes and other elements of the setting. Their main stops were Stockholm, Adelaide, South Australia and the Swedish island of Gotland.[9] The city's architecture also owes debts to Ireland, Paris and Tokyo's Ginza district.[10]

The time setting for Kiki's Delivery Service was a subject for discussion among the movie's fans for some time: Kiki carries a transistor radio apparently of 1950s vintage, and some characters are seen watching black-and-white television sets, but the cars and some of the aircraft seem to be from an earlier period. Specifically, a plane resembling the Handley Page H.P.42 is seen during the opening credits, although all eight of the H.P.42 aircraft had been decommissioned or destroyed by 1941. The controversy was settled when Miyazaki said the story took place in the 1950s of an alternative universe in which both World Wars never took place.

Kiki and Jiji illustrated by Akiko Hayashi from Majo no Takkyūbin. For the film, Kiki's hair was cut short to make the workload easier for the animators.[11]

Upon their return to Japan, Miyazaki and the creative team worked on conceptual art and character designs. Miyazaki began significantly modifying the story, creating new ideas and changing existing ones.[10] Majo no Takkyūbin, the original children's book by Eiko Kadono that the movie was based on, is very different from Miyazaki's finished film. Kadono's novel is more episodic, consisting of small stories about various people and incidents Kiki encounters while making deliveries. Many of the more dramatic elements, such as Kiki losing her powers or the blimp incident at the film's climax, were not present in the original story. Miyazaki made these changes to give the film more of a story, and make the film about the hardships that Kiki faces while growing up; he remarked, "As movies always create a more realistic feeling, Kiki will suffer stronger setbacks and loneliness than in the original".[1]

As a result, Kadono was unhappy with the changes that were made between the book and film, to the point that the project was in danger of being shelved at the screenplay stage. Miyazaki and Toshio Suzuki, the producer of Ghibli, went to the author's home and invited her to the film's studio. After her visit to the studio, Kadono decided to let the project continue.[12] Miyazaki finished the rough draft of the screenplay on June 18, 1988, and then presented it on July 8, 1988. It was at this time that Miyazaki revealed that he had decided to direct the film, because he had influenced the project so much.[10]

The word takkyūbin (宅急便, literally home-fast-mail) in the Japanese title is a trademark of Yamato Transport, though it is used today as a synonym for takuhaibin (宅配便, literally home-delivery-mail). The company not only approved the use of its trademark — though its permission was not required under Japanese trademark laws[13] — but also enthusiastically sponsored the film, as the company uses a stylized depiction of a black mother cat carrying her kitten as its corporate logo.[14]

Kiki's Delivery Service was originally intended to be a 60-minute special, but expanded into a feature film running 102 minutes after Miyazaki completed storyboarding and scripting it.[15]

Characters

  • Kiki is a 13-year-old apprentice witch, who leaves her home village to spend a year on her own, as is tradition in order to train to become a full-fledged witch. She has no visible magical abilities other than those of communicating with her cat and broom flying (at which she is still a novice). She is excitable, innocent, and may turn eager and shy. Some of the earlier concept drawings of Kiki closely resembled the original longer hair illustrations by Akiko Hayashi. It was eventually decided to cut her hair short to ease the animators' workload.[11] She is voiced by Minami Takayama in Japanese, Lisa Michelson in the Streamline dub,[16] and Kirsten Dunst in the Disney dub.
  • Jiji is Kiki's black cat. Jiji and Kiki are able to talk to each other. He is very cautious, especially in comparison to her innocent eagerness, and possesses a somewhat sarcastic wit. Jiji was voiced by a female actor, Rei Sakuma, in Japanese, and was voiced by male actors in the English language dubs - in the Streamline dub, Kerrigan Mahan,[16] and in the Disney dub Phil Hartman. This was Hartman's last film role before his death.
  • Tombo Kopoli (or Kopori) is a 13-year-old boy in Koriko, the city where Kiki settles. He is obsessed with aviation, is a member of a club building a human-powered aircraft, and is at first intrigued only by Kiki's ability to fly. He later becomes her friend; it is obvious that he is in awe of her. It is not clear to an English-speaker whether "Kopoli" is intended as a given name or family name. "Tombo", according to the novel, is a nickname, being Japanese for "dragonfly". He was voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi in Japanese, Eddie Frierson in the Streamline dub,[16] and Matthew Lawrence in the Disney dub.
  • Osono is the proprietress of a small bakery in Koriko. She is heavily pregnant throughout the film, apparently going into labor while watching Kiki save Tombo and can be seen feeding her baby in the end credits. She is the first person in Koriko to treat Kiki with kindness and respect. She also acts like a mother to Kiki. It is under Osono that Kiki first works as a messenger. She is voiced by Keiko Toda in Japanese, Alexandra Kenworthy in the Streamline dub,[16] and by Tress MacNeille in the Disney dub.
  • The baker is Osono's nameless husband; he is tall, strongly built, and almost entirely silent. Kiki is intimidated by him at first, but warms to him after he makes a gift for her: an advertising wreath for her delivery service. He has only one line in the film.
  • Ursula is an artist in her late teens, who lives during summer in a one-room cabin in a wooded area outside of Koriko. She takes an "older-sister" role to Kiki, explaining Kiki's temporary inability to fly in terms of "artist's block", and telling her that gifts—including the ability to paint, to be a witch, or to bake bread—must be used, not rejected. She is voiced by Minami Takayama in Japanese, Edie Mirman in the Streamline dub,[16] and Janeane Garofalo in the Disney dub.
  • Oku-sama ("Madame" in the English version) is one of Kiki's customers. She is elderly and aristocratic, but warmhearted and kindly, and hobbled with arthritis. She is voiced by Haruko Kato in Japanese, Melanie MacQueen in the Streamline dub,[16] and Debbie Reynolds in the Disney dub.
  • Barsa ("Bertha" in the English version) is Oku-sama's housekeeper and friend. Her name is often rendered as "Bassa", an alternative spelling of "bāsa", the Japanese pronunciation of "Bertha".[citation needed] Bertha was voiced by Hiroko Seki in Japanese, Edie Mirman in the Streamline dub,[16] and Edie McClurg in the Disney dub.
  • Okino is Kiki's father; according to Miyazaki he is a professor of folklore.[citation needed] He has no magic lineage, but met Kiki's mother when they were both young, when she came to his town on her traditional witch-training year. According to character designer Katsuya Kondo, he based Okino's appearance on actors David McCallum and Akira Terao.[17] Okino is voiced by Kouichi Miura in Japanese, John Dantona in the Streamline dub,[16] and Jeff Bennett in the Disney dub.
  • Kokiri – Kiki's mother, a witch and town herbalist. She worries that Kiki is not equipped to spend a year on her own. The success of Kokiri's potions appears to be dependent on her concentration; interruptions inevitably cause them to instantly spoil. Kokiri is voiced by Mieko Nobuzawa in Japanese, Barbara Goodson in the Streamline dub,[16] and Kath Soucie in the Disney dub.
  • Senior Witch – is a 14 year old witch who is provisioned in fortune telling and she also tells fortunes of love.She is voiced by Wendee Lee in the Streamline dub and by Debi Derryberry in the Disney dub.

Releases

The first official English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service was produced by Carl Macek of Streamline Pictures at the request of Tokuma Shoten for Japan Airlines' international flights.[18] Kiki was portrayed by voice actress Lisa Michelson.[19] This dub is only available in the Ghibli Laserdisc Box Set.[20]

Kirsten Dunst voiced Kiki in the 1998 English dub. The English dub was also Phil Hartman's last voice-acting performance (as Jiji) before his death.[21] There is a tribute to Phil Hartman after the Japanese credits and Kiki's letter to home, dedicating the film to his memory. The dub received mixed reviews—although it was mostly showered with praise, other critics and fans jumped on it for its minor alterations. Despite this, the dub has proven popular, selling over one million copies on video.

In Spain, Kiki was re-christened "Nicky", and the film re-titled "Nicky la aprendiz de bruja" (Nicky the Apprentice Witch), because in Castilian Spanish, the phonetically similar quiqui carries unintentional adult connotations. [clarification needed]

A live-action movie version based on the original books has been set for a 2011 release.[22][23].The film itself has yet to appear on Blu-ray.

Differences between versions

Although the plot and much of the story were translated as exactly as possible, Disney's English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service contained some changes, which have been described as "pragmatic".[24] There were occasional additions and embellishments to the musical score overlaying some of the previously silent sequences. The extra pieces of music (provided by Paul Chihara) ranged from soft piano music to a string-plucked rendition of Edvard Grieg's In the Hall of the Mountain King.[25] In addition, the original opening and ending theme songs were replaced. The new songs, "Soaring" and "I'm Gonna Fly", were written and performed by Sydney Forest.

The character of the cat Jiji changed slightly. In the Japanese version, Jiji is voiced by a female performer, while in the American version Jiji has a more distinct male voice (that of Saturday Night Live alumnus Phil Hartman)—possibly for fear audiences would think he is female prior to his developing a romantic interest in the white Persian cat living nearby—and also has more of a wisecracking demeanor. In Japanese culture, cats are usually depicted with feminine voices, whereas in American culture their voices are more gender-specific.[26]

In the original Japanese script, Jiji loses his ability to communicate with Kiki permanently, but in the American version a line is added that implies he is able to speak (or she to understand him) again.[27] Miyazaki has said that Jiji is the immature side of Kiki,[28] and this implies that Kiki, by the end of the original Japanese version, has matured beyond talking to her cat.

More minor changes, to appeal to the different demographics, include Kiki drinking hot chocolate instead of coffee and referring to "cute boys" instead of to "the disco".[29] All changes were approved by Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli.

The English subtitled script used for the original VHS subbed release and the later DVD release, is also not accurate, but can more accurately be described as a combination of dubbing and subtitle. It is based on the original Streamline dub, and has resulted in several additions from that dub to migrate into the script regardless of whether they are present or not (such as Herbert Morrison's "Oh the humanity!" line during the blimp sequence). This came about because Tokuma gave Disney the script for the original dub, thinking it was an accurate translation, leaving this as the script that Disney worked on.[30].

Reception

Kiki's Delivery Service opened on July 29, 1989 in Japanese theaters; the total box office receipts were ¥2,170,000,000[31] ($18,172,849.38), proving to be quite a financial success and the highest grossing film in Japan of 1989.[32] The Japanese DVD was the best selling anime DVD for June 2001.[33]

Upon the release of the English dub of Kiki's Delivery Service by Disney which theatrical premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival on May 23, 1998. In September 1, 1998, it was released to VHS video, becoming the 8th-most-rented title at Blockbuster stores during the first week of its availability.[34] This video release also sold over a million copies.[35] A few weeks later, Disney released another VHS of the movie, this time with the original Japanese soundtrack and with both English and Japanese subtitles. A Laserdisc version of the English dub was also available at this time. The Region 1 DVD was released on April 15, 2003, alongside Spirited Away and Castle in the Sky.

The conservative Christian group Concerned Women for America boycotted Kiki’s Delivery Service screenings[36] and released a press release on May 28, 1998 titled “Disney Reverts to Witchcraft in Japanese Animation”.[37] Calling for a boycott of The Disney Company, the group said the company “is still not family friendly, but continues to have a darker agenda”.[38]

On September 4, 1998, Entertainment Weekly rated it as Video of the Year, and on September 12, 1998, it was the first video release to be reviewed as a normal film on Siskel and Ebert rather than on the "Video Pick of the Week" section.[34] Siskel and Ebert gave it “two thumbs up”[32][39] and Roger Ebert went on to rank it as one of the best animated films of 1998.[40]

Other reviews were very positive as well. On Rotten Tomatoes, Kiki’s Delivery Service scores a "fresh" rating of 100% approval, out of a total of fourteen reviews.[41]

  • 44th Mainichi Film Competition
    • Best Animated Film
  • Kinema Junpo (Prestigious Japanese film magazine)
    • Best Japanese Film of the Year (Voted by Readers)
  • Japan Academy Award
    • Special Award
  • 7th Annual Golden Gross Award
    • Gold, Japanese Film
  • The Movie's Day
    • Special Achievement Award
  • The Erandole Award
    • Special Award
  • Japan Cinema Association Award
    • Best Film and Best Director
  • Japanese Agency of Cultural Affairs (a government agency under the Ministry of Education)
    • Excellent Movie
  • 12th Annual Anime Grand Prix
    • Best Anime
  • Other awards
    • Tokyo Metropolitan Cultural Honor
    • 7th Annual Money Making Director's Award

[42]

Musical

In 1993, a musical version of the story was produced. Yukio Ninagawa wrote the script and Kensuke Yokouchi directed the show. The role of Kiki was originated by Youki Kudoh and the role of Tombo was originated by Akira Akasaka. Akasaka was replaced by Katsyuki Mori (of SMAP fame) within the year. There was a cast recording produced by the original cast, and the show was revived in 1995 and 1996.[citation needed]

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Nausicaa.net The Hayao MIYAZAKI Web. The Hopes and Spirit of Contemporary Japanese Girls By Hayao Miyazaki 1989. Retrieved on 2007-01-05.
  2. ^ Robogeek's Report on Miyazaki and KiKi!!! by Robogeek May 28, 1998. Retrieved on 2007-1-4.
  3. ^ Nausicaa.net English VHS Video release. Retrieved on 2007-3-25.
  4. ^ Helen McCarthy Hayao Miyazaki: Master of Japanese Animation pub Stone Bridge Press (Berkeley, CA) 1999 ISBN 1 880656 41 8 pages 144 and 157
  5. ^ a b The Art of Kiki's Delivery Service: A Film by Hayao Miyazaki, "Part One: In the Beginning", Page 8. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (May 9, 2006) ISBN 1421505932, ISBN 978-1421505930. Retrieved on 2007-1-5.
  6. ^ Nausicaa.net My Neighbor Totoro Frequently Asked Questions. "I heard that it was double-featured with 'Grave of the Fireflies' in Japan. Is this true?" Retrieved on 2007-1-5.
  7. ^ Nausicaa.net Kiki's Delivery Service Frequently Asked Questions. "I heard that the name of the bakery was supposed to be a joke. Is it?" Retrieved on 2007-1-6.
  8. ^ Nausicaa.net Kiki's Delivery Service Frequently Asked Questions. "I heard that Miyazaki was not supposed to direct 'Kiki'. Is it true?" Retrieved on 2007-1-5.
  9. ^ Template:Fr icon La forêt des Oomus Kiki, la petite sorcière Koriko. Retrieved on 2007-1-5.
  10. ^ a b c The Art of Kiki's Delivery Service: A Film by Hayao Miyazaki, Part One, In The Beginning, Page 11. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (May 9, 2006) ISBN 1421505932, ISBN 978-1421505930. Retrieved on 2007-1-2.
  11. ^ a b The Art of Kiki's Delivery Service: A Film by Hayao Miyazaki, Part Two, Art Of Animated Film, Page 32. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (May 9, 2006) ISBN 1421505932, ISBN 978-1421505930. Retrieved on 2007-4-22.
  12. ^ Nausicaa.net's FAQ on Kiki's Delivery Service Retrieved on 2007-4-21.
  13. ^ Institute of Intellectual Property "Overview of Japanese Trademark Law by Dr. Shoen Ono." Retrieved on 2007-2-11.
  14. ^ "IBM e-business: jStart Program: Case studies: Web services: Yamato Transport Group". Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved on 2007-1-4.
  15. ^ The Art of Kiki's Delivery Service: A Film by Hayao Miyazaki, Part One, In The Beginning, Page 12. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (May 9, 2006) ISBN 1421505932, ISBN 978-1421505930. Retrieved on 2007-1-5.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Kiki's Delivery Service (movie)". CrystalAcids Anime Voice Actor Database. Retrieved 2006-12-29.
  17. ^ The Art of Kiki's Delivery Service: A Film by Hayao Miyazaki, Part Two, Art Of Animated Film, Page 50. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (May 9, 2006) ISBN 1421505932, ISBN 978-1421505930. Retrieved on 2007-2-26.
  18. ^ Kiki's Delivery Service News-Old
  19. ^ Kiki's Delivery Service (movie) - Anime News Network
  20. ^ FAQ // Kiki's Delivery Service // Nausicaa.net
  21. ^ RevolutionSF Kiki's Delivery Service Reviewed by Kevin Pezzano April 27, 2003. Retrieved on 2007-1-5.
  22. ^ Anime News Network Article New Kiki's Delivery Service from Disney, Retrieved on 2007-06-06
  23. ^ IMDB In Development project, Retrieved on 2007-06-06
  24. ^ A Comparative Analysis Of Requests in Majo no Takkyūbin and Kiki's Delivery Service
  25. ^ Otaku World Reviews: Kiki's Delivery Service from Disney Reviewed by Jennifer Diane Reitz. Retrieved on 2007-1-2.
  26. ^ Stomp Tokyo Video Reviews - Kiki's Delivery Service
  27. ^ The Art of Kiki's Delivery Service: A Film by Hayao Miyazaki, Part Four, The Complete Script Of The Film by Hayao Miyazaki, Page 205. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (May 9, 2006) ISBN 1421505932, ISBN 978-1421505930. "Central Park. Jiji weaves his way through the crowd. Cameras everywhere. Kiki amazed by the flood of camera flashes. Jiji skips into the frame, leaps onto her shoulder and meows over her shoulder. KIKI: Jiji! JIJI: Meow- Of course, his voice will never return. but it doesn't matter anymore... Kiki smiles and rubs her cheek against his." Retrieved on 2007-1-2.
  28. ^ The Art of Kiki's Delivery Service: A Film by Hayao Miyazaki, Part Two, Art Of Animated Film, Page 45. VIZ Media LLC; 1 edition (May 9, 2006) ISBN 1421505932, ISBN 978-1421505930. Retrieved on 2007-2-11.
  29. ^ Original Japanese script at [1]. Line in Japan is "But there'll be a disco there, won't there?" This line is not present in the English dub. Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  30. ^ Nausicaa.net Kiki's Delivery Service FAQ Q: Is there an English subtitled version of "Kiki"? Retrieved on 2007-3-4
  31. ^ Online Ghibli Kiki's Delivery Service: Review/Synopsis by Doraneko Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  32. ^ a b "Kiki's Delivery Service (Majo no Takkyubin) by Marc Hairston November, 1998". Archived from the original on 2007-08-20. Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  33. ^ "Anime Radar: Anime Info for the Otaku Generation". Animerica. 9 (12). San Francisco, California: Viz Media: 18. 2001. ISSN 1067-0831. OCLC 27130932. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  34. ^ a b Kiki's Delivery Service on DVD from Criterion: A Pipe Dream? by Steve Brandon.[dead link]Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  35. ^ Nausicaa.net Reviews & Articles Archive "Houchi Sinbun, September 29, 1998". Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  36. ^ Hayao Miyazaki: Master of Japanese Animation by Helen McCarthy, Stone Bridge Press, September 1, 1999, ISBN 1880656418, ISBN 978-1880656419, Page 143. Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  37. ^ Nausicaa.net Majo no Takkyubin Kiki's Delivery Service News (Old) May 28, '98 Headline. Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  38. ^ "Disney Reverts to Witchcraft in Japanese Animation" by Concerned Women for America archived on Internet Mutual Aid Society. Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  39. ^ Nausicaa.net Reviews & Articles Archive Siskel and Ebert, September 13, 1998. "Siskel: "Two thumbs up for 'Kiki's Delivery Service'. A delightful animated feature new in video stores." Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  40. ^ Nausicaa.net Reviews & Articles Archive Chicago Sun-Times, December 27, 1998 by Roger Ebert. Retrieved on 2007-1-3.
  41. ^ Rotten Tomatoes Kiki's Delivery Service (1989). Retrieved on 2008-9-6.
  42. ^ Credits // Kiki's Delivery Service // Nausicaa.net

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiki%27s_Delivery_Service&oldid=325141847"