Koper
Koper
Capodistria | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Region | Slovenian Littoral |
| Municipality | Koper |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Boris Popovič |
| Area | |
| • Total | 13 km2 (5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3 m (10 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 24,996 |
| • Density | 1,928/km2 (4,990/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02 (CEST) |
| Area code | +386 (0)5 |
| Climate | Cfa |
| [1] | |
Koper (Slovene pronunciation: [ˈkoːpəɾ] ) (Italian: Capodistria) is a city in southwestern Slovenia, with the other Slovenian coastal towns Ankaran, Izola, Piran, and Portorož, situated along the country's 47-kilometre (29-mile) coastline, in the Istrian Region, approximately five kilometres (3.1 miles) from its border with Italy. Having a unique ecology and biodiversity, it is considered an important national natural resource.[2] The city's Port of Koper is the major contributor to the economy of the eponymous city municipality. With only one percent of Slovenia having a coastline, the influence that the Port of Koper also has on tourism was a factor in Ankaran deciding to leave the municipality in a referendum in 2011 to establish its own. Koper is the main urban centre of the Slovenian Istria, with a population of about 25,000.[1]
The city of Koper is officially bilingual, with both Slovene and Italian as official languages. Sights in Koper include the 15th-century Praetorian Palace and Loggia in Venetian Gothic style, the 12th-century Carmine Rotunda church, and the Cathedral of St Nazarius, with its 14th-century tower.
Koper is also one of the main road entry points into Slovenia from Italy, which lies to the north of the municipality. The main motorway crossing is at Spodnje Škofije to the north of the city of Koper. The motorway continues into Rabuiese and Trieste. Koper also has a rail connection with the capital city, Ljubljana. On the coast, there is a crossing at Lazaret into Lazaretto in Muggia municipality in Trieste province. The Italian border crossing is known as San Bartolomeo.
Names
The Italian name of the city was anciently spelled as Capo d'Istria, and as such reported on maps and sources in other European languages. Modern names of the city include: Croatian: Kopar, Serbian: Копар, Kopar, German: Gafers.
History
Koper rose from an ancient settlement built on an island in the southeastern part of the Gulf of Koper in the northern Adriatic. In Ancient Greek, the town was known as Aegida (Goat Town). Later it became known by the Latin names of Capris (Greek Copros), Caprea, Capre, or Caprista, from which the modern Slovenian name stems.
In 568, Roman citizens of nearby Tergeste (modern Trieste) fled to Capris due to an invasion of the Lombards. In honour of the Byzantine emperor Justinian II, the town was renamed Justinopolis. Later, Justinopolis was under both Lombard and Frankish rule and was briefly occupied by Avars in the 8th century.
Since the 8th century, possibly even since the 6th century, Koper was the seat of a diocese. One of Koper's bishops was the Lutheran reformer Pier Paolo Vergerio. In 1828, it was merged into the diocese of Trieste.
Trade between Koper and Venice has been recorded since 932. In the war between Venice and the Holy Roman Empire, Koper was on the German side, and as a result was awarded with town rights, granted in 1035 by Emperor Conrad II. After 1232, Koper was under the Patriarch of Aquileia, and in 1278 it joined the Republic of Venice. It was at this time that the city walls and towers were partly demolished.[3]
In 1420, the Patriarch of Aquileia ceded his remaining possessions in Istria to the Republic, consolidating Venetian power in Koper.[4]
Koper grew to become the capital of Venetian Istria and was renamed Caput Histriae 'head of Istria' (from which stems its modern Italian name, Capodistria).
The 16th century saw the population of Koper fall drastically, from its high of between 10,000 and 12,000 inhabitants, due to repeated plague epidemics.[5] When Trieste became a free port in 1719, Koper lost its monopoly on trade, and its importance diminished further.[6]
According to the 1900 census, 7,205 Italian, 391 Slovenian, 167 Croatian, and 67 German inhabitants lived in Koper.
Assigned to Italy after World War I, at the end of World War II it was part of the Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste, controlled by Yugoslavia. Most of the Italian inhabitants left the city by 1954, when the Free Territory of Trieste formally ceased to exist and Zone B became part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1977, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Koper was separated from the Diocese of Trieste.
With Slovenian independence in 1991, Koper became the only commercial port in Slovenia. The University of Primorska is based in the city.
Architecture
Koper's 15th-century Praetorian Palace is located on the city square. It was built from two older 13th-century houses that were connected by a loggia, rebuilt many times, and then finished as a Venetian Gothic palace. Today, it is home to the city of Koper’s tourist office.[7]
The city's Cathedral of the Assumption was built in the second half of the 12th century and has one of the oldest bells in Slovenia (from 1333), cast by Master Jakob in Venice. The upper terrace is periodically open and offers a great view of the Bay of Trieste. In the middle of it hangs the Sacra Conversatione painting from 1516, one of the best Renaissance paintings in Slovenia, made by Vittore Carpaccio.[8]
Climate
Koper's climate is classified as warm and temperate. There is a great deal of rainfall in Koper, even in the driest month. This climate is considered to be Cfa according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The average temperature in Koper is 14.4 °C (57.9 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,056 millimetres (42 in).
| Climate data for Koper | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.1 (80.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
15.5 (59.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
7.1 (44.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
7.7 (45.9) |
4.8 (40.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 75 (3.0) |
70 (2.8) |
72 (2.8) |
89 (3.5) |
82 (3.2) |
92 (3.6) |
69 (2.7) |
93 (3.7) |
111 (4.4) |
98 (3.9) |
117 (4.6) |
88 (3.5) |
1,056 (41.6) |
| Source: http://en.climate-data.org/location/59382/ | |||||||||||||
Demographics
The municipality has 47,539 inhabitants. Of these, 23,385 (49.19%) are male and 24,154 (50.81%) are female.
Italian was once the main language in the town, spoken by 92% of the population in 1900, but this number decreased sharply after Slovenian Istria was incorporated into Yugoslavia in 1954 and many ethnic Italians left the town. Today, Italian is mainly used as a second language by the Slovene-speaking majority.
Population by native language
According to the 2002 census,[9] this is the linguistic breakdown of the population:
- Slovene 35,246 (74.14%)
- Croatian, Bosnian or Serbian 8,314 (17.49%)
- Italian 1,059 (2.23%)
- Albanian 240 (0.50%)
- Macedonian 227 (0.48%)
- Others and unknown 2,453 (5.16%)
- Total 47,539
The Port of Koper
Full article: Port of Koper
First established during the Roman Empire, the port of Koper has played an important role in the development of the area. It is among the largest in the region and is one of the most important transit routes for goods heading from Asia to central Europe. In contrast with other European ports, which are managed by port authorities, the activities of the Port of Koper comprise the management of the free zone area, the management of the port area, and the role of terminal operator.
Prominent citizens
- Gian Rinaldo Carli (1720–1795), man of letters
- Vittore Carpaccio (c. 1460 – c. 1525), painter. Born in Venice, lived in Koper (then Capodistria)
- Boris Cavazza (1939–), actor
- Aldo Cherini (1919–), historian and writer[10]
- Giorgio Cobolli, Italian gold medal in the Second World War[11]
- Lucija Čok, linguist, politician
- Zlatko Dedič (1984–), football player
- Lorella Flego (1974–), TV entertainer
- Rudolf Golouh (1887–1982), politician and author
- Enej Jelenić (1992–), footballer
- Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776–1831), Greek patriot and first governor of the Greek state (1828–1831) his family hailed originally from Koper/Capodistria
- Andreja Klepač (1986–), professional tennis player
- Tinkara Kovač (1978–), singer
- Bruno Maier (1922–2001), writer and literary critic[12]
- Matjaž Markič (1983–), swimmer
- Dragan Marušič, rector of the University of Primorska
- Davor Mizerit (1981–), rower
- Boris Popovič (1962–), mayor of City Municipality of Koper since 2002
- Igor Pribac (1958–), philosopher
- Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini (1910–1965), journalist and writer. Born in Pazin (then Pisino), lived in Koper (then Capodistria)[13][14]
- Mladen Rudonja (1971–), football player
- Tomaž Šalamun (1941–2014), poet
- Santorio Santorio (1561–1636), medical scientist
- Nazario Sauro (1880–1916), Italian irredentist and sailor
- Spartaco Schergat (1920–1996), military frogman, sank the English battleship Queen Elizabeth in 1941. Italian gold medal in the Second World War[15]
- Francesco Trevisani (1656–1746), painter
- Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder (1370–1444/1445), humanist, statesman and canonist[16]
- Pier Paolo Vergerio the Young (1498–1565), man of Church
- Gašper Vinčec (1981–), professional Finn Class Sailor
- Captain Antonio Zetto, traveller, Globe Trotting: A Ten Years' Walk 1922–1932
- Vittorio Italico Zupelli (1859–1945), general, minister
International relations
Twin towns and cities
Koper is twinned with:
References
Notes
- ^ a b c "Koper". Place Names. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- ^ "Port of Koper". World Port Source. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
- ^ "A Historical Outline Of Istria". Zrs-kp.si. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ Schutte, Anne Jacobson: Pier Paolo Vergerio: the making of an Italian reformer; p23. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2011.
- ^ Schutte, Anne Jacobson; p24. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 24 September 2011.
- ^ "History of Koper – Lonely Planet Travel Information". Lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ "Praetorian Palace, Koper, The Official Travel Guide". Slovenian Tourist Board. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ "Cathedral of the Assumption, Koper, The Official Travel Guide". Slovenian Tourist Board. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ Slovenian Statistics Office site, results of the 2002 census. Stat.si. Retrieved on 24 September 2011.
- ^ Page in Italian about Aldo Cherini. Istrianet.org. Retrieved on 24 September 2011.
- ^ Brief article in Italian from ''Corriere della Sera'': ''Lutto, muore Giorgio Cobolli eroe della Guerra d'Africa'' (George Cobolli, hero of African War, is dead). Archiviostorico.corriere.it (24 December 2009). Retrieved on 24 September 2011.
- ^ Page on Bruno Maier in Italian. Istrianet.org. Retrieved on 24 September 2011.
- ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20110726172933/http://www.ilmandracchio.org/modules/xFPDF/cache/News336.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ 'http://www.retecivica.trieste.it/ipe_archivio/agm/ts.pdf
- ^ Article in Italian about the sinking of the battleship Queen Elizabeth.
- ^ Press on ''Vergerius, Petrus Paulus''. Istrianet.org. Retrieved on 24 September 2011.
- ^ "AllCorfu.Com: Corfu's Twin Cities". allcorfu.com. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Comune di Ferrara – Portale Telematico Estense". Ferrara.comune.fe.it. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ "Sito ufficiale del Comune di Muggia". Comune.muggia.ts.it. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ "Sito Web del Comune di S.Dorligo della Valle – Dolina (TS)". Comune.san-dorligo-della-valle.ts.it. Retrieved 27 March 2010.
- ^ "Žilina – oficiálne stránky mesta: Partnerské mestá Žiliny [Žilina: Official Partner Cities]". © 2008 MaM Multimedia, s.r.o.. Retrieved 11 December 2008.
- ^ "Welcome to JiuJiang". Jiujiang.gov.cn. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
- ^ http://72.30.186.56/search/cache?ei=UTF-8&p=Saint+John%27s+sister+cities&type=yahoo_avg_hs2-tb-web_chrome_us&fr=yhs-avg-chrome&u=clevelandslovenian.com/&w=saint+john%27s+john+sister+cities&d=dDjhxhlMTA7T&icp=1&.intl=us
External links
Koper travel guide from Wikivoyage- Municipality of Koper website
- Koper–Capodistria. Slovenian Tourist Board.
- Koper: Virtual Tour. Panoramas of Koper and surrounding area. Burger.si.
- Koper maps and aerial photos. Geopedia.si.
