List of Dutch cabinet formations
Appearance
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fractievoorzitters_overleg_kabinetsformatie_2021-22_%281%29.jpg/220px-Fractievoorzitters_overleg_kabinetsformatie_2021-22_%281%29.jpg)
This is a list of Dutch cabinet formations. This includes attempts to form or continue with a cabinet after a cabinet crisis.
In most cases, a cabinet formation is started after a general election after which a majority cabinet is sought. In some cases it results in a minority cabinet. After the fall of a cabinet, a new start can be made with part of the fallen cabinet. Then there may be a rump cabinet, which is also often a minority cabinet.
List
[edit]Formation | Start[a] | End[b] | Length (days)[c] |
Cabinet | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1848 | 16 March 1848 | 25 March 1848 | 10 | Schimmelpenninck | [2] |
De Kempenaer-Donker Curtius[d] | |||||
1849 | 19 September 1849 | 1 November 1849 | 44 | Thorbecke I | [3] |
1853 | 16 April 1853 | 19 April 1853 | 4 | Van Hall/Donker Curtius | [4] |
1856 | 1 June 1856 | 1 July 1856 | 47 | Van der Brugghen | [5] |
1858 | 3 March 1858 | 18 March 1858 | 16 | Rochussen | [6] |
1860 | 17 February 1860 | 23 February 1860 | 7 | Van Hall/Van Heemstra | [7] |
1861 | 16 February 1861 | 14 March 1861 | 27 | Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra | [8] |
1861–1862 | 18 December 1861[e] | 1 February 1862 | 46 | Thorbecke II | [9] |
Jan–Feb 1866 | 29 January 1866 | 10 February 1866 | 13 | Fransen van de Putte | [10] |
May–Jun 1866 | 24 May 1866 | 1 June 1866 | 9 | Van Zuylen van Nijevelt | [11] |
1868 | 17 April 1868 | 4 June 1868 | 49 | Van Bosse/Fock | [12] |
1870–1871 | 24 November 1870 | 4 January 1871 | 42 | Thorbecke III | [13] |
1872 | 25 June 1872 | 6 July 1872 | 12 | De Vries/Fransen van de Putte | [14] |
1874 | 14 July 1874 | 27 August 1874 | 45 | Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg | [15] |
1877 | 16 October 1877 | 3 November 1877 | 19 | Kappeyne van de Coppello | [16] |
1879 | 12 July 1879 | 20 August 1879 | 40 | Van Lynden van Sandenburg | [17] |
1882 | 10 May 1882 | 12 August 1882 | 95 | ||
1883 | 4 March 1883 | 23 April 1883 | 51 | J. Heemskerk | [18] |
1888 | 28 March 1888 | 21 April 1888 | 25 | Mackay | [19][20] |
1891 | 24 June 1891 | 21 August 1891 | 58 | Van Tienhoven | [21] |
1894 | 25 April 1894 | 9 May 1894 | 15 | Röell | [22] |
1897 | 26 June 1897 | 27 July 1897 | 32 | Pierson | [23] |
1901 | 28 June 1901 | 1 August 1901 | 35 | Kuyper | [24][25] |
1905 | 29 June 1905 | 17 August 1905 | 50 | De Meester | [26] |
1907 | 12 February 1907 | 21 March 1907 | 38 | ||
1907–1908 | 25 December 1907 | 12 February 1908 | 50 | T. Heemskerk | [27][28] |
1913 | 26 June 1913 | 29 August 1913 | 65 | Cort van der Linden | [29] |
1918 | 4 July 1918 | 9 September 1918 | 68 | Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I | [30][31] |
1921 | 22 June 1921 | 26 July 1921 | 35 | [30][32] | |
1922 | 6 July 1922 | 18 September 1922 | 75 | Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II | [33] |
1923–1924 | 26 October 1923 | 7 January 1924 | 73 | ||
1925 | 2 July 1925 | 4 August 1925 | 34 | Colijn I | [34] |
1925–1926 | 24 November 1925 | 8 March 1926 | 105 | De Geer I | [35] |
1929 | 3 July 1929 | 10 August 1929 | 39 | Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III | [36] |
1933 | 27 April 1933 | 26 May 1933 | 30 | Colijn II | [37] |
1935 | 26 July 1935 | 31 July 1935 | 6 | Colijn III | [38] |
1937 | 27 May 1937 | 24 June 1937 | 29 | Colijn IV | [39] |
Jun–Jul 1939 | 30 June 1939 | 25 July 1939 | 26 | Colijn V | [40] |
Aug 1939 | 4 August 1939 | 10 August 1939 | 7 | De Geer II | [41] |
1940 | 28 August 1940 | 3 September 1940 | 7 | Gerbrandy I | [42] |
1941 | 1 July 1941 | 27 July 1941 | 27 | Gerbrandy II | |
Feb 1945 | 22 January 1945 | 23 February 1945 | 33 | Gerbrandy III | [43] |
May-Jun 1945 | 9 May 1945 | 24 June 1945 | 47 | Schermerhorn-Drees | [44] |
1946 | 18 May 1946 | 3 July 1946 | 47 | Beel I | [45][46] |
1948 | 8 July 1948 | 7 August 1948 | 31 | Drees-Van Schaik | [47][48] |
1951 | 29 January 1951 | 15 March 1951 | 44 | Drees I | [49][50] |
1952 | 26 June 1952 | 2 September 1952 | 69 | Drees II | [51][52] |
1955 | 18 May 1955 | 3 June 1955 | 17 | [53] | |
1956 | 14 June 1956 | 13 October 1956 | 121 | Drees III | [54][55] |
1958 | 13 December 1958 | 22 December 1958 | 10 | Beel II [f] | [56][57] |
1959 | 13 March 1959 | 19 May 1959 | 67 | De Quay | [58][59] |
1960–1961 | 24 December 1960 | 2 January 1961 | 10 | [60] | |
1963 | 16 May 1963 | 24 July 1963 | 70 | Marijnen | [61][62] |
1965 | 28 February 1965 | 14 April 1965 | 46 | Cals | [63][64] |
1966 | 18 October 1966 | 22 November 1966 | 35 | Zijlstra[f] | [65][66] |
1967 | 16 February 1967 | 5 April 1967 | 49 | De Jong | [67][68] |
1971 | 29 April 1971 | 6 July 1971 | 69 | Biesheuvel I | [69][70] |
1972 | 19 July 1972 | 9 August 1972 | 11 | Biesheuvel II[f] | [71][72] |
1972–1973 | 30 November 1972 | 11 May 1973 | 163 | Den Uyl | [73][74] |
1977 | 26 May 1977 | 19 December 1977 | 208 | Van Agt I | [75][76] |
1981 | 27 May 1981 | 11 September 1981 | 108 | Van Agt II | [77][78] |
16 October 1981 | 4 November 1981 | 19 | |||
May–Jun 1982 | 14 May 1982 | 29 May 1982 | 17 | Van Agt III[f] | [79][80] |
Sep–Nov 1982 | 9 September 1982 | 4 November 1982 | 57 | Lubbers I | [81][82] |
1986 | 22 May 1986 | 14 July 1986 | 54 | Lubbers II | [83][84] |
1989 | 7 September 1989 | 7 November 1989 | 62 | Lubbers III | [85][86] |
1994 | 4 May 1994 | 22 August 1994 | 111 | Kok I | [87][88] |
1998 | 6 May 1998 | 3 August 1998 | 89 | Kok II | [89][90] |
1999 | 20 May 1999 | 8 June 1999 | 20 | [91][92] | |
2002 | 16 May 2002 | 22 July 2002 | 68 | Balkenende I | [93][94] |
2003 | 23 January 2003 | 27 May 2003 | 122 | Balkenende II | [95][96] |
2006 | 30 June 2006 | 7 July 2006 | 7 | Balkenende III[f] | [97] |
2006–2007 | 23 November 2006 | 22 February 2007 | 90 | Balkenende IV | [98][99] |
2010 | 10 June 2010 | 14 October 2010 | 127 | Rutte I | [100][101] |
2012 | 13 September 2012 | 5 November 2012 | 54 | Rutte II | [102][103] |
2017 | 16 March 2017 | 26 October 2017 | 225 | Rutte III | [104][105] |
2021–2022 | 18 March 2021 | 10 January 2022 | 299 | Rutte IV | [1][106] |
2023–2024 | 23 November 2023 | 2 July 2024 | 223 | Schoof | [107] |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ In the case of a regular cabinet formation, it is the day after the elections. In other cases, it is generally the day after a cabinet requested dismissal.
- ^ In the case of cabinet formations that lead to a new cabinet, this is the day when the new cabinet is sworn in.
- ^ Calculated from the day after the general elections until the day when the cabinet is sworn in.[1] Not all sources use the same starting point.
- ^ The De Kempenaer-Donker Curtius cabinet succeeded the preceding cabinet in 1848 without a cabinet formation.
- ^ The Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra cabinet resigned on 17 December 1861.
- ^ a b c d e Rump cabinet.
Citations
[edit]- ^ a b "Kabinetsformatie 2021-2022" [Cabinet formation 2021-2022]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ "Kabinetten-Schimmelpenninck en -Donker Curtius (1848)" [Cabinets Schimmelpennick and Donker Curtius (1848)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Thorbecke I (1849-1853)" [Cabinet Thorkecke I (1849-1853)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856)" [Cabinet Van Hall/Donker Curtius (1853-1856)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van der Brugghen (1856-1858)" [Cabinet Van der Brugghen (1856-1858)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Rochussen (1858-1860)" [Cabinet Rochussen (1858-1860)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861)" [Cabinet Van Hall/Van Heemstra (1860-1861)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862)" [Cabinet Van Zuylen van Nijevelt/Van Heemstra (1861-1862)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Thorbecke II (1862-1866)" [Cabinet Thorbecke II (1862-1866)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Fransen van de Putte (1866)" [Cabinet Fransen van de Putte (1866)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868)" [Cabinet Van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866-1868)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871)" [Cabinet Van Bosse/Fock (1868-1871)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Thorbecke III (1871-1872)" [Cabinet Thorbecke III (1871-1872)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874)" [Cabinet De Vries/Fransen van de Putte (1872-1874)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877)" [Cabinet Heemskerk/Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1874-1877)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879)" [Cabinet Kappeyne van de Coppello (1877-1879)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883)" [Cabinet Van Lynden van Sandenburg (1879-1883)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888)" [Cabinet Heemskerk Azn. (1883-1888)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Mackay (1888-1891)" [Cabinet Mackay (1888-1891)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ Westenbroek, A.J.M. (1976). "De kabinetsformatie Mackay 1888 II" [The cabinet formation Mackay 1888 II] (PDF). Anti-Revolutionaire Staatkunde (in Dutch). Dr. Abraham Kuyperstichting. pp. 262–273. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ "Kabinet-Van Tienhoven (1891-1894)" [Cabinet Van Tienhoven (1891-1894)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Röell (1894-1897)" [Cabinet Röell (1894-1897)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Pierson (1897-1901)" [Cabinet Pierson (1897-1901)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Kuyper (1901-1905)" [Cabinet Kuyper (1901-1905)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ De Bruijn, Jan (2001). 'Kuyper ist ein Luegner' (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Historisch Documentatiecentrum voor het Nederlands Protestantisme. ISBN 9072319168.
- ^ "Kabinet-De Meester (1905-1908)" [Cabinet De Meester (1905-1908)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
- ^ "Kabinet-Heemskerk (1908-1913)" [Cabinet Heemskerk (1908-1913)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ De Bruijn, Jan (2012). Wilhelmina formeert (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Boom. ISBN 9789461053008.
- ^ "Kabinet-Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)" [Cabinet Cort van der Linden (1913-1918)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I (1918-1922)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ Puchinger 1970, pp. 27–141.
- ^ Puchinger 1970, pp. 165–199.
- ^ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II (1922-1925)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Colijn I (1925-1926)" [Cabinet Colijn I (1925-1926)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-De Geer I (1926-1929)" [Cabinet De Geer I (1926-1929)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933)" [Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III (1929-1933)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Colijn II (1933-1935)" [Cabinet Colijn II (1933-1935)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Colijn III (1935-1937)" [Cabinet Colijn III (1935-1937)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Colijn IV (1937-1939)" [Cabinet Colijn IV (1937-1939)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Colijn V (1939)" [Cabinet Colijn V (1939)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-De Geer II (1939-1940)" [Cabinet De Geer II (1939-1940)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Gerbrandy I en II (1940-1945)" [Cabinet Gerbrandy I and II (1940-1945)]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinet-Gerbrandy III (1945)" [Cabinet Gerbrandy I (1945)]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1945" [Cabinet formation 1945]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1946" [Cabinet formation 1946]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 1–4.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1948" [Cabinet formation 1948]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 16–24.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1951" [Cabinet formation 1951]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 36–52.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1952" [Cabinet formation 1952]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 54–72.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 75–84.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1956" [Cabinet formation 1956]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 86–159.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1958" [Cabinet formation 1958]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 199–208.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1959" [Cabinet formation 1959]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 209–234.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 246–254.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1963" [Cabinet formation 1963]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 276–329.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1965" [Cabinet formation 1965]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Duynstee 1966, pp. 360–432.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1966" [Cabinet formation 1966]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Maas 1982, pp. 184–206.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1967" [Cabinet formation 1967]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Maas 1982, pp. 207–250.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1971" [Cabinet formation 1971]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Maas 1982, pp. 256–281.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1972" [Cabinet formation 1972]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Maas 1982, pp. 299–318.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1972-1973" [Cabinet formation 1972-1973]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Maas 1982, pp. 319–368.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1977" [Cabinet formation 1977]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 11–80.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1981" [Cabinet formation 1981]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 81–114.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie juni 1982 (zomerkabinetje)" [Cabinet formation June 1982 (summer cabinet)]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 115–128.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1982" [Cabinet formation 1982]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 129–160.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1986" [Cabinet formation 1986]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 161–190.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1989" [Cabinet formation 1989]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 191–220.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1994" [Cabinet formation 1994]. parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 August 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 221–266.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 1998" [Cabinet formation 1998]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 267–302.
- ^ "Kabinetscrisis 1999: de Nacht van Wiegel" [Cabinet crisis 1999: the Night of Wiegel]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 303–318.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 2002" [Cabinet formation 2002]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 319–348.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 2003" [Cabinet formation 2003]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 349–388.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 389–402.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 2006-2007" [Cabinet formation 2006-2007]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 403–446.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 2010" [Cabinet formation 2010]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 447–510.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 2012" [Cabinet formation 2012]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Van Baalen & Van Kessel 2016, pp. 511–524.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 2017" [Cabinet formation 2017]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ^ Bovend'Eert, Paul; Bootsma, Peter; Van Kessel, Alexander (2018-12-06). Evaluatie Kabinetsformatie 2017 [Evaluation Cabinet formation 2017] (PDF). Den Haag.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Van Baalen, Carla; Van Kessel, Alexander; Bovend'Eert, Paul; Van Twist, Mark (21 February 2023). Evaluatie kabinetsformatie 2021/22 (PDF) (in Dutch). Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ "Kabinetsformatie 2023-2024" [Cabinet formation 2023-2024]. Parlement.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
References
[edit]- Van Baalen, Carla; Van Kessel, Alexander, eds. (2016). Kabinetsformaties 1977-2012 [Cabinet formations 1977-2012] (in Dutch). Boom. ISBN 9789461054661.
- Duynstee, Frans (1966). De kabinetsformaties 1946-1965 [The cabinet formations 1946-1965] (PDF) (in Dutch). Deventer: Æ. E. Kluwer. OCLC 220593429.
- Maas, Petrus Franciscus (1982). Kabinetsformaties 1959-1973 [Cabinet formations 1959-1973] (PDF) (in Dutch). The Hague: Staatsuitgeverij. ISBN 9789012039987.
- Puchinger, G. (1970). Colijn en het einde van de coalitie I. De geschiedenis van de kabinetsformaties 1918-1924 [Colijn and the end of the coalition I. The history of cabinet formations 1918-1924] (in Dutch). Kampen: J.H. Kok. ISBN 9789024215386.
- —————— (1980). Colijn en het einde van de coalitie II. De geschiedenis van de kabinetsformaties 1925-1929 [Colijn and the end of the coalition II. The history of cabinet formations 1925-1929] (in Dutch). Kampen: J.H. Kok. ISBN 9024203112.
- —————— (1993). Colijn en het einde van de coalitie III. De geschiedenis van de kabinetsformaties 1933-1939 [Colijn and the end of the coalition III. The history of cabinet formations 1933-1939] (in Dutch). Leiden: J.J. Groen en zoon. ISBN 9050303560.