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The list of shipwrecks of Cornwall lists the ships which sank on or near the coasts of mainland Cornwall. The list includes ships that sustained a damaged hull, which were later refloated and repaired. Around a coast of approximately 250 miles (400 km) an estimated 6000 ships have been wrecked, more than on any other comparable coastline of the British Isles.[1] A traditional saying about the north coast is "From Pentire Point to Hartland light, A watery grave by day and night."[2] The coast of the Lizard peninsula is particularly hazardous to shipping and the seaways round it were historically known as the "Graveyard of Ships".

N.B. For those wrecks in the Isles of Scilly, see List of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly and for those on the Seven Stones Reef see List of shipwrecks of the Seven Stones Reef.

Southwestern England and the English Channel

1201–1300

1284

1301–1400

1301/02

1307

  • 5 May (first report) — a Spanish cargo ship the La Maudeleyne was stranded on the south Cornish coast, possibly in Mount's Bay. All her crew were saved and much of the cargo was salvaged. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 1448520.[6]

1314

1318

  • 8 February (first report) — unidentified sailing vessel on voyage from Portugal to Flanders ″... cast away when anchored by contrary winds in Padistowe″. Men and cargo (including wine) saved.[7]

1321

  • 30 April (first report) — a cargo (including jewels) worth £6,000 was lost when the sailing vessel St Bartholomew ( Bilbao) lost near Lizard Point while heading for La Seyne.[7]

1340

  • 3 March (first report) — an Irish vessel was wrecked on the Cornish coast at "Porthlyn" and broken up by men from St Perran and St Carantoc. Although a Scheduled Ancient Monument the exact location is unknown, but is likely to be in, or near, Perran Sands or Crantock.[8]

1342

  • (first report) — in a case brought before Edward III, La Trinite of Fowey ( Kingdom of England) was boarded by Nicholas de Beer of Marhamchurch while anchored in the port of Widemouth. The cables and cords were cut and she was driven ashore by the tide and broke up. Goods to the value of £300 owned by John de Lym and Henry Bote lost.[9]

1343

  • 10 February (first report) — sailing vessel Tarite (Spain or France) wrecked on the south coast of Cornwall while heading for Falmouth. Cargo valued at £3,000.[7] Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 1189787[10]

1382

  • Saint Marie De Marceau ( Portugal) possibly plundered by local people in Mount's Bay sometime between 29 November and early December. The captain was captured and forced to sign over the ship and contents which was worth 600 marks.[11]

1401–1500

1405

1468

1478

1480

  • December — four ships carrying almost 1,000 tons of wine lost in Mount's Bay.[16]

1501–1600

1514

  • 21 February (first report) – a Spanish ship ( Spain) lost at Polkemyas (now known as Porth Kidney sands), near Lelant in the manor of Lelant and Trevethowe carrying a cargo of cloth (including scarlet).[7]

1515

1516

  • 22 February (first report) – seven ships and ″barks″ lost between Lelant Water and St Ives laden with iron cast goods, cloth and other wares.[7]

1517

1517/1518

  • unnamed vessel wrecked near Carrack Loys, near Marckayowe (St Michael's Mount) with a cargo of hogsheads of wine, which was divided between James Chynowythe, Richard Pendre and Sir John Arundell.[18]

1518

  • unnamed vessel wrecked in "Whitson Bay at the Lands End", witnessed by John Davye. She was carrying wines and fruit and all on board were saved.[19]

1527

1531

  • (first report) – a hulk was lost at "Sennar Clyffe by Innyall Chappell" now known as Gurnard's Head within Reskymer's Manor of Trethein. She was carrying salt and all lives were lost.[7]

1532

  • Harry Angwyne sworn at Court that he often saw wrecks of timbers cast on the land at Whitsonbay and other places around Land's End, Cornwall.[19]
  • (First report) – an unidentified vessel was lost at the Longships, off Land's End, Cornwall.[19]
  • (First report) – a barrel of tar was washed up at Gwynver, Sennen, Cornwall and barrel of flower (flour) washed up in Whitson Bay in Gonhellye under Meen off an unidentified vessel(s).[19]

1557/1558

  • a vessel was wrecked near Porth Treyth (Portreath). Her mast was found below Tehedye (Tehiddy) cliff, timber found at Carvannel and four hogsheads of Gascon wine found at Porthreath.[24]

1571

  • (first report) – an unidentified ship wrecked at Cudden Point. Some of her cargo of wine salvaged.[7]

1575

  • (first report) – an unidentified barque out of Ireland, carrying herring was driven ashore at Porthreptor (Carbis Bay). One quarter of the ship came ashore at Polkemyas (Arundel Port).[7]

1588

1589/1590

  • A small galleon captured on the Spanish Main in the summer of 1589 by George Clifford, the Earl of Cumberland, and sent home as a "prize" the following winter. Under the command of Christopher Lister and with a cargo of looted silver, she was lost with all hands in a gale near Penzance.[26]

1595

  • 2 August — During a Spanish raid, John of Mousehole and two other ships were sunk off Penzance.[27]

1601–1700

In 1621 Sir John Killigrew reported “... a certificate of ye losse of 25 ships there and thereabouts within this dozen or twente years besides a great numbre of others whose ruines lye neare those rocks and cliffs, not knowne of whome or what they weare.”[28]

1616

  • unknown ship wrecked near Kynance Cove in Rill Cove.[29]

1619

1632

  • January – an unnamed cargo ship, carrying fustick wood and tobacco, wrecked in Manor of Tintagel near Crackington, St Gennys with the loss of all lives. Scheduled Ancient Monument no. 1321098.[31]

1635

  • February – a galleon ( Spain) homeward bound from the Indies was captured and looted by the Dutch. Putting into "Guavers Lake" (Gwavas Lake) off Newlyn she hit the Low Lee ledge. Attempts at salvage by the authorities were opposed by the inhabitants of Mousehole and Market Jew who raided the ship at night and took away "two hundred hides". A looted cannon from this ship was salvaged by the Greencastle in 1916 and for many years was in front of Penzance Library, before being stolen.[26]

1649

  • 30 January – the Garland ( Royal Navy) of Topsham carrying garments and other possessions of the late Charles I, together with some personal belongings of his fugitive Queen and the wardrobe of the Prince of Wales wrecked at Godrevy. She was taking shelter off St Ives in a great storm and dragged her anchors. Only a man, boy and wolf–dog survived out of about sixty passengers and crew.[28][32][33]

1658

1659

1667

  • March - Jonkheer (master Van de Putterstock) of the Dutch East India Company with a cargo of sugar, coffee, spices and Banca tin with a value of £50,000 was wrecked under Angrouse Cliff near Mullion Cove, Cornwall.[35]
  • October - ship carrying silver coin lost at Lizard Point.[36]
  • an 800-ton ship ( Genoa) with 48 guns and a value of £100 000 lost on the Lizard. This wreck may be the ship the Ferdinand Research Group discovered in 1969 below Angrouse Cliff near Mullion Cove[35]

1669

  • unknown date - San Salvador ( France) near the Lizard. This wreck may be the ship the Ferdinand Research Group discovered in 1969 below Angrouse Cliff near Mullion Cove.[35]

1683

  • 11 February – an unnamed ship foundered off Porthleven and her captain Jonathan Hide was drowned.[37]

1684

  • 9 February – East Indiaman the President ( British East India Company) ran aground on Loe Bar. She was carrying a valuable cargo of spices, indigo, drugs, textiles, pepper, diamonds and ″Jewish Treasure of Pearl″[38]
  • 4 April – the Schiedam ( Royal Navy) a Dutch built fluit and, at the time, a sixth rate transport ship of the English fleet wrecked at Jangye Ryn near Gunwalloe Church Cove.[39]

1691

1695

  • an unnamed Dutch cargo vessel was torn to pieces by the local people.[41]

1700

1701–1800

1704

1707

1708

1720

  • 13 December – an unnamed American vessel under Captain Mellis wrecked near Porthleven.[37]

1721

  • 10 November – the 127 ft HMS Royal Anne, (Kingdom of Great Britain Royal Navy) the last oared fighting ship built for the Royal Navy, hit the Stags off Lizard Point while en route to the West Indies with Lord Belhaven, the new Governor of Barbados. 182 crew and 25 gentlemen died and there were only three survivors; those who were saved were said to be local men; Thomas Lawrence, William Godfrey and a boy, George Hain; their names are sung in a ballad about the wreck which alleges that the dead were savaged by wild dogs. Designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act.[46][47][48]

1739

  • 14 December – Dutch vessel Lady Lucy ( Dutch Republic) wrecked on Porthleven beach while bound for Rotterdam from Bordeaux with a cargo of wine, coffee, indigo and brandy.[37]

1738

  • 21 November – Vigilantia bound for Hamburg from Lisbon with a cargo of salt, tobacco, sugar and lemons was wrecked west of Porthleven with the loss of the captain, three crew and all the cargo. Five men were saved.[37]
  • 29 December – Rotterdam ship the Nebotis Vineyard ( Dutch Republic) with a cargo of wine wrecked near Porthleven.[37]

1745

  • 19 September – while sailing in a convoy from the Isles of Scilly to the Isle of Wight, the Phoenix hit the Gulf Rock (original name for the Wolf Rock). She was sailing from South Carolina with rice, and was taken by a French privateer who brought her to Scilly by mistake. She was captured by the Scillonians for which four fishermen and a boy received £3000 salvage.[28]
  • 24 November – the privateer Boscawen ( Kingdom of Great Britain) was wrecked during a storm at St Ives. She was formerly the Medee, captured in 1744 from the French by Lord Boscawen and released by the Admiralty as a prize.[49]

1746

1748

  • 8 December – a ″large mob of villagers″ from Porthleven looted the Jonge Alicada ( Dutch Republic) of 167 tuns of Bordeaux wine. She was on voyage to Amsterdam.[7][30] One tun was 252 gallons.[37]

1749

  • Squirell wrecked at Newporth Head to the south–west of Falmouth.[51]

1751

  • 3 March – fourteen crew were lost when 300 ton vessel was wrecked near Porthleven. Her cargo of wine, brandy and fruit was plundered.[37]

1753

  • 4 or 14 December – while en route from Bordeaux for Amsterdam the Heneda of Wergham lost in Mount's Bay about a league from Penzance. Most of the cargo of nuts and wine was saved.[52]

1754

1758

  • 20 October – the Bell a vessel smuggling tea and brandy was wrecked near Porthleven while trying to escape from the Shaftesbury a customs sailing cutter which was also wrecked.[37]

1760

  • Autumn – a xebecca the Cavalla Bianca ( Ottoman Empire) wrecked on Chimney Rock, Penzance. The crew of Algerian corsairs and Turkish soldiers were delighted to find they were wrecked in Cornwall rather than Spain and they were repatriated to Algiers aboard a British warship.[26][57]

1763

  • 6 December – brigantine Hanover lost under Cligga Head while seeking shelter in the lee of the shore. She was a packet boat on a journey from Lisbon to Falmouth. Of the thirty crew and passengers only three survived. Most of her cargo of gold coin was recovered.[58] The wreck was discovered in Hanover Cove during June, 1994 by Colin Martin and confirmed as the Hanover with the recovery of a bronze bell inscribed "THE HANOVER PACQUET, 1757". In 1997, 50 cannon, a gold ring and part of the ship's structure was recovered. The site is designated as an Ancient Monument.[59]

1764

  • 23 November – an unknown vessel with a cargo of salt and brandy was wrecked near Porthleven.[37]

1767

  • 28 August – the Olive Branch ( Great Britain) from Liverpool caught fire about two leagues off Penzance and went down with her cargo. The crew were saved by local fishermen.[7]

1768

  • January – several hogsheads of wine were salvaged by local people when a Dutch vessel was wrecked near Porthleven. There was no crew on board when the ship came ashore.[37]

1772

  • Fanny (or Fenny) bound for Bristol from London wrecked at Bude with the loss of all three crew.[60]

1773

  • May – a French warship the L'Apollen  French Navy) was lost off Land's End with all hands.[61]

1778

  • a Dutch craft was wrecked at Morwenstow.[62]

1780

  • January - an unnamed ship with a cargo of cotton, coffee and cocoa was wrecked near Porthleven.[37]
  • unknown date – a ship with several tons of gold coins wrecked at Gunwalloe. The cove is sometimes known as Dollar Cove.[30]

1781

1782

  • 30 March – while carrying wine and cork from Oporto to Southampton the Tortington was wrecked near Porthleven.[37]

1786

  • 10 December – the Metta Catharina hit Drakes Island and sank off Mount Edgcumbe with a cargo of calf hides, glassware and other items. The wreck was discovered in 1973 and some of the goods salvaged: some of the calf hides were sold to a few selected craftsmen to help fund further excavations.[64][65]

1787

  • 28 February – Star Cross wrecked off Manacle Point.[66]

1790

  • 177 ton brig and slave ship, the Alert wrecked at Bude while bound from Bristol to Africa with a cargo of iron. Five of the crew are in the Parish of Stratton burials register.[67]

1791

  • 3 November – the Fanny with a cargo of coal was wrecked near Porthleven.[37]

1792

  • January – Pola carrying hemp and cider wrecked near Porthleven.[37]
  • Briel  Dutch Republic Navy), a 4th rate Ship of the Line hit the Ebber Rocks on the Lizard Peninsula[68]

1795

  • 20 November – the Hope wrecked on Loe Bar while bound for Plymouth from Bristol.[37]
  • 17 December – sloop Trident carrying flour and rum from Île d'Yeu, France, to Plymouth wrecked near Porthleven.[37]

1796

  • 2 January – an unidentified ship with "cable and post attached" was driven out of Penzance harbour and on to nearby rocks.[69]
  • 23 January – an unidentified troop ship, possibly one of Admiral Christian's West Indies convoy was wrecked within a cable length of Loe Bar during a ″great storm″ in Mount's Bay. The ship was carrying between 400 and 600 officers and men of the 26th Regiment of Dragoons; not one of the crew or passengers survived. Large quanties of wreckage were washed up including dead horses with D26 brands on their hooves. It is estimated that over 600 people died including nine people on shore.[37]
  • 6 February – Hall ( Great Britain) wrecked at St Minver while on a voyage from Liverpool to Jamaica.[70]

1798

  • a ship ( United States) moored in Gwavas Lake broke its moorings, drifted towards the Wherry Mine striking its ″turret″, flooding the mine and causing it to cease trading.[71] A book published in 1820 makes no mention of a ship but blames, high tides, storms and the ″declining state of the lode″ which induced the adventurers to abandon the mine in 1798.[72]

1801–1900

Main article: List of shipwrecks of Cornwall (19th century)

1901–2000

Main article: List of shipwrecks of Cornwall (20th century)

Since 2001

2002

  • 1 January – tanker Willy ( Cyprus) dragged her anchor and grounded in Cawsand Bay while awaiting orders, after discharging her cargo of unleaded petrol at the Cattewater, Plymouth two days previously.[73]
  • 2 February – timber carrying cargo ship Kodima ran aground in Whitsand Bay.[74]
  • April – former Admiralty supply boat Sanu took shelter in the Gannel Estuary while heading along the north Cornish coast bound for Bristol and restoration. She was driven up the estuary on a spring tide and grounded. Wreck finally removed in October 2013.[75]

2003

RMS Mulheim wreck

2004

2008

  • 29 May – Newlyn fishing boat The Girl Patricia ( United Kingdom) sank 28 nautical miles NW of Land's End. All four crew winched to safety by RNAS Culdrose helicopter.[77]

2010

2011

2012

2013

  • 28 August – trawler Scuderia ( France) ran aground at Lankidden Cove, on the east side of the Lizard between Coverack and Cadgwith. None of the five crew were injured.[83] She was refloated on 3 September and towed to Falmouth for repairs.[84]
  • 3 November – fishing vessel Panamera ( France) sank off Lizard Point, Cornwall. There was no loss of life amongst her French and Portuguese crew.[85]

2014

See also

References

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  2. ^ Seal, Jeremy (2 April 2002). "Cornwall: the Shipwreck Coast". Daily Telegraph (The). Retrieved 27 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Pool, P. A. S. (1981). "The Tithings of Cornwall". Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. New Series. VIII (pt 4): 275–337.
  4. ^ "Monument No. 1548871". English Heritage. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  5. ^ "Monument No 1548859". Pastscapes. English Heritage. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  6. ^ "La Maudeleyne". Pastscapes. English Heritage. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Larn, Richard; Larn, Bridget (1997). Shipwreck Index of the British Isles. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping.
  8. ^ "Monument No 1450750". National Monuments Record. English Heritage. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  9. ^ Berry, Christopher (2002). The Church in St Gennys. The Gennys Gazette.
  10. ^ "Tarite". Pastscapes. English Heritage. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
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  18. ^ "Monument No 1461410". Pastscapes. English Heritage. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
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  25. ^ Lettens, Jan. "Santo Christo De Castello". wrecksite. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  26. ^ a b c Carter, C. (1998). The Port of Penzance. Lydney: Black Dwarf Publications. ISBN 0-9533028-0-6.
  27. ^ Lettens, Jan. "SV John (And 2 other) (+1595)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  28. ^ a b c d e Noall, Cyril (1968). Cornish Lights and Ship-wrecks. Truro: Bradford Barton.
  29. ^ Lettens, Jan. "Rill Cove wreck [+1616]". wrecksite. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  30. ^ a b c d "Cornish Shipwrecks". Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  31. ^ "Monument No. 1321098". Pastscapes. English Heritage. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  32. ^ St Ives Times and Echo. 29 November 1968
  33. ^ Thomas, Charles; Mann, Jessica (2009). Godrevy Light. Twelveheads Press. ISBN 9780906294703.
  34. ^ Lettens, Jan. "Aleppo Merchant (+1658)". wrecksite. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  35. ^ a b c McBride, P. W. J.; Richard, L. & Davis, R. (Ferdinand Research Group). (1971) "A Mid–17th Century Merchant Ship-wreck near Mullion, Cornwall: interim report". Cornish Archaeology 10: 75–78 Cite error: The named reference "McBride" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  36. ^ Lettens, Jan. "?49°57'5XXN-005°12'0XXW [+1667]". wrecksite. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
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  40. ^ Eekelers, Dirk; Lettens, Jan. "HMS Coronation (north part) [+1691]". wrecksite. Retrieved 27 October 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ "Monument No 900057". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  42. ^ Lettens, Jan. "Thornton (+1700)". wrecksite. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  43. ^ a b Leach, Nicholas (2003). Sennen Cove Lifeboats: 150 years of lifesaving. Stroud: Tempus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7524-3111-0.
  44. ^ "Devonshire". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  45. ^ Lettens, Jan. "Albemarle (+1708)". wrecksite. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
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  47. ^ Lettens, Jan. "HMS Royal Anne [+1721]". wrecksite. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
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  49. ^ Allen, Tony. "Boscawen (+1745)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  50. ^ "(untitled)". Lloyd's List. No. No.1175. Lloyd's of London. 27 February 1746. {{cite news}}: |issue= has extra text (help)
  51. ^ Lettens, Jan. "Sqirell (+1749)". wrecksite. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  52. ^ "Heneda". English Heritage NMR. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
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  69. ^ Joseph, Peter. So Very Foolish. A History of the Wherry Mine, Penzance. The Trevithick Society. ISBN 978 0 904040 95 1.
  70. ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 3514. London. 10 February 1796. col A, p. 3. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
  71. ^ Bart, Arthur (June 1949). "The Wherry mine, Penzance, its history and its mineral productions". The Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of The Mineralogical Society. XXVIII (205): 517–536.
  72. ^ Thomas, J (1820). The History of Mount's Bay. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
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  74. ^ "Floods continue amid heavy rain". BBC. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
  75. ^ "Sanu you see her...now you don't!". North Cornwall National Trust. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
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Further reading

  • Gibsons of Scilly (1974) Shipwreck; text by John Fowles; photography by the Gibsons of Scilly. London: Jonathan Cape ISBN 0 224 01053 0 (includes photographs of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly and west Cornwall between 1872 and 1914; also the Torrey Canyon, 1967)
  • Tangye, Nigel (1977) From Rock and Tempest. London: William Kimber ISBN 0718303156 (about shipwrecks round the Lizard peninsula)
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