List of state leaders in 1868
Appearance
See also |
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This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1868.
Africa
- Ashanti Confederacy – Kofi Kakari, Asantehene (1867–1874)
- Kingdom of Buganda – Muteesa I (1856–1884)
- Bunyoro – Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
- Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
- Kingdom of Dahomey – Glele (1856–1889)
- Ethiopian Empire –
- Tewodros II (1855–1868)
- Tekle Giyorgis II (1868–1871)
- Kingdom of Lesotho – Moshoeshoe I (1822–1870)
- Liberia
- President -
- Daniel Bashiel Warner (1864–1868)
- James Spriggs Payne (1868–1870)
- President -
- Kingdom of Rwanda – Kigeli IV (1853–1895)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Ahmad Rufa'i (1867–1873)
- Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu (1859-c.1874)
- Sultanate of Zanzibar – Majid bin Said (1856–1870)
- Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)
Asia
- Emirate of Afghanistan
- Mohammed Afzal Khan (1866–1868)
- Sher Ali Khan (1868–1879)
- Bamra – Tribhuban Singh, Raja (1865–1869)
- Bhutan – Tsondru Pekar, Druk Desis (1866–1870)
- Sultanate of Brunei – Abdul Momin (1852–1885)
- China (Qing dynasty) - Tongzhi Emperor (1861–1875)
- Republic of Ezo – Enomoto Takeaki, President (1868–1869)
- Hyderabad State – Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V, Nizam (1857–1869)
- Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1867-19 November 1868)
- Tokugawa shogunate comes to an end with the Meiji Restoration.
- Ryukyu Kingdom - Shō Tai (1848–1879)
- Joseon (Korea) – Gojong (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
- Maguindanao – Muhammad Makakwa, Sultan of Maguindanao (1854–1884)
- Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)
Europe
- Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary - Count Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust (1867–1871)
- Minister-President of Austria
- Prince Karl of Auersperg (1867–1868)
- Count Eduard von Taaffe (1868–1870)
- Minister-President of Hungary - Gyula Andrássy (1867–1871)
- Kingdom of Bavaria – Ludwig II (1864–1886)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
- Cabinet Chief -
- Charles Rogier (1847–1852, 1857–1868)
- H.-J.-W. Frère-Orban (1868–1870, 1878–1884)
- Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister - Christian Emil (1865–1870)
- Second French Empire – Napoleon III (1852–1870)
- Kingdom of Greece –
- Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister -
- Alexandros Koumoundouros (1866–1868)
- Aristeidis Moraitinis (1868)
- Dimitrios Voulgaris (1868–1869)
- Papal States – Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)
- Hamburg – Nicolaus Ferdinand Haller, First Burgomaster of Hamburg (1863–1864; 1866–1868; 1870; and again 1872–1873)
- Kingdom of Italy –
- Monarch – Vittorio Emanuele II (1861–1878)
- Prime Minister - Luigi Menabrea (1867–1869)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Emmanuel Servais (1867–1874)
- Netherlands
- Monarch – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers -
- Julius van Zuylen van Nijevelt (1866–1868)
- Pieter Philip van Bosse (1868–1871)
- Sweden–Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859–1872)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan – Abdülaziz (1861–1876)
- Grand Vizier – Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1867–1871)
- Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Luís I (1861–1889)
- President of the Council of Ministers -
- Joaquim António de Aguiar (1865–1868)
- Count of Ávila (1868)
- Marquess of Sá da Bandeira (1868–1869)
- Kingdom of Prussia –
- Monarch – Wilhelm I (1861–1888)
- Minister President - Otto von Bismarck (1862–1873)
- United Principalities (Romania) – Carol I (1866–1881)
- Russian Empire – Alexander II (1855–1881)
- Kingdom of Saxony – Johann (1854–1873)
- Kingdom of Spain –
- Monarch – Isabella II (1833–1868)
- Prime Minister -
- Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia (1844–1846, 1846, 1847–1849, 1849–1851, 1856–1857, 1864–1865, 1866–1868)
- Luis González Bravo (1868)
- José Gutiérrez de la Concha (1868)
- Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre (1868–1869, 1871, 1872, 1874)
- Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XV (1859–1872)
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister -
- Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (1852, 1858, 1866–1868)
- Benjamin Disraeli (1868, 1874–1880)
- William Ewart Gladstone (1868–1874, 1880–1885, 1886, 1892–1894)
- Kingdom of Württemberg – Karl (1864–1891)
Middle East and North Africa
- Abu Dhabi – Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
- Khedivate of Egypt (Under Ottoman Empire suzerainty) - Isma'il (1867–1879)
- Sultanate of Morocco – Muhammad IV (1859–1873)
- Sultanate of Oman
- Salim bin Thuwaini (1866–1868)
- Azzan bin Qais (1868–1871)
North America and Caribbean
- Canada
- Monarch – Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837–1901)
- Governor General - The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon (1867–1869)
- Prime Minister - John A. Macdonald (1867–1873)
- Costa Rica –
- José María Castro Madriz, President of Costa Rica (1866–1868)
- Jesús Jiménez Zamora, President of Costa Rica (1868–1870)
- Haiti – Sylvain Salnave, President of Haiti (1867–1869)
- Mexico - Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1867–1872)
- Nicaragua - Fernando Guzmán Solórzano, President of Nicaragua (1867–1871)
- United States - Andrew Johnson, President of the United States (1865–1869)
Oceania
- Fiji – Seru Epenisa Cakobau, King of Fiji (1852–1874)
- Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha V (1863–1872)
- Mangareva –
- Joseph Gregorio II, King of Mangareva (1857–1868)
- Maria Eutokia Toaputeitou, regent of Mangareva (1868–1869)
- Kingdom of Rarotonga –
- Samoa – Malietoa Talavou Tonumaipe’a, Malietoa (1860–1880)
- Kingdom of Tahiti – Pōmare IV, Queen of Tahiti (1827–1877)
- Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)
- Kingdom of Uvea – Falakika Seilala (1858–1869)
South America
- Argentina
- Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina (1862–1868)
- Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina (1868–1874)
- Empire of Brazil –
- Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
- President of the cabinet of ministers –
- Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos (1866–1868)
- Joaquim Rodrigues Torres, Viscount of Itaboraí (1868–1870)
- Chile – José Joaquín Pérez, President of Chile (1861–1871)
- Colombia –
- Santos Acosta, President of Colombia (1867–1868)
- Santos Gutiérrez, President of Colombia (1868)
- Salvador Camacho, President of Colombia (1868–1869)
- Peru -
- Mariano Ignacio Prado, President of Peru (1865–1868)
- Pedro Diez Canseco, President of Peru (1868)
- José Balta, President of Peru (1868–1872)
- Uruguay –
- Venancio Flores, President of Uruguay (1865–1868)
- Pedro Varela, President of Uruguay (1868)
- Lorenzo Batlle y Grau, President of Uruguay (1868–1872)