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Princess Louise d'Artois

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Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois
Photograph, c. 1860s
Duchess of Parma and Piacenza
Tenure19 April 1849 – 27 March 1854
Regent of Parma and Piacenza
Tenure27 March 1854 – 9 June 1859
Born(1819-09-21)21 September 1819
Élysée Palace, Paris, France
Died1 February 1864(1864-02-01) (aged 44)
Palazzo Giustinian, Venice, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire
Burial
Kostanjevica Monastery, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1845)​
IssueMargherita, Duchess of Madrid
Robert I, Duke of Parma
Alice, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Henry, Count of Bardi
Names
Template:Lang-fr
Template:Lang-it
HouseBourbon
FatherCharles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
MotherCarolina of Naples and Sicily
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois (Louise Marie Thérèse; 21 September 1819 – 1 February 1864) was a duchess and later a regent of Parma. She was the eldest daughter of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, younger son of King Charles X of France and Carolina of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Francis I of the Two Sicilies. She served as regent of Parma during the minority of her son from 1854 until 1859.

Early life

Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily (1798-1870), Duchesse of Berry, widow of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, with her daughter Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois

Louise's father died when she was five months old. When her grandfather abdicated in 1830, Louise joined the rest of her immediate family in exile, eventually settling in Austria. As the granddaughter of the king, Louise was a petite-fille de France. Her younger brother, Henri, Duke of Bordeaux, was King of France and of Navarre from 2 to 9 August 1830, and afterwards the Legitimist Pretender to the throne of France from 1844 to 1883.

On 10 November 1845, at Schloss Frohsdorf in Austria, Louise married Ferdinando Carlo, Hereditary Prince of Lucca, known as Charles III, Duke of Parma and Piacenza after 1849. On 17 December 1847 Empress Marie Louise died and her father-in-law succeeded as Duke Charles II of Parma. The Duchy of Lucca was incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and she and her husband ceased being Hereditary Prince of Lucca becoming instead Hereditary Prince of Parma.

Her father-in-law was the Duke of Parma for a few months. In March 1848 revolution broke out in Parma supported by King Charles Albert of Sardinia. Ferdinando Carlo escaped from Parma, but was taken prisoner at Cremona. He remained a prisoner at Milan for several months until the British government negotiated his release. After a brief sojourn on the island of Malta, he travelled to Naples and then Livorno where he was joined by Louise Marie Thérèse who had just given birth to their first son. Then the family sought refuge in England and Scotland.

In August 1848 the Austrian army entered Parma, and officially restored Charles II. Ferdinando Carlo and his family, however, remained in England, since hostilities continued between the Austrian and Piedmontese armies. For several years Charles II had considered abdicating in favour of Ferdinando Carlo, but he delayed in the hope that when he did so things would be more secure for his son.

Duchess of Parma

On 24 March 1849, the abdication of Charles II was announced. Ferdinando Carlo, still living in England, succeeded to the title of Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and the Annexed States taking the name Charles III. On 18 May 1849, Louise's husband re-entered Parma, but he left again two days later. He did not take over the administration of the duchy until 25 August. When her husband was murdered in 1854, Louise served as Regent for their young son, the new duke Robert I. Like the other rulers of the Central Italian states, she and her son were ousted during the Franco-Austrian War of 1859, and they retired to Austrian protection in Venice.

Various schemes following the war, either for her and her son's restoration in Parma, or territorial swaps which might leave them ruling over Tuscany, Modena, or the Romagna, came to nothing, as the whole of central Italy was annexed by Piedmont in March 1860. Louise lived out the remainder of her life in exile.

Queen Sophie of the Netherlands met Louise Marie in 1862 and described her in a letter to a friend:

The other day I made the acquaintance of the Duchesse de Parme, Count Chambord's sister. She is much larger than Princess Mary of Cambridge, very small, but lively, agreeable, without bitterness after so many misfortunes. Her boys are dwarfs but full of French repartée and gaiety. I liked her and pity such a lot—murder and revolutions persecuting her since birth...[1]

Issue

∞ Carlos, Duke of Madrid, Carlist claimant to the Spanish throne, had issue.
  • Roberto, Duke of Parma (1848–1907)
∞ Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies (daughter of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Maria Theresa of Austria), had issue.
∞ Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal (daughter of King Miguel of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg), had issue.
∞ Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, had issue.
∞ Princess Luisa Immacolata of the Two Sicilies (daughter of King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies and Maria Theresa of Austria).
∞ Infanta Adelgundes of Portugal, Duchess of Guimarães (daughter of King Miguel of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois.

Death

Louise died on 1 February 1864, aged 44, in the Palazzo Giustinian in Venice. She was buried in her grandfather Charles X's crypt at the Franciscan monastery Kostanjevica in Görz, Austria[2] (now Nova Gorica, Slovenia).

Other members of the French Royal Family buried there include her brother Henri, Count of Chambord, her aunt Marie Thérèse of France, and her uncle Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême.[2]

  • The Duchess of Berry in mourning with her children, 1822
    The Duchess of Berry in mourning with her children, 1822
  • The Duchess of Gontaut walking Louise d'Artois and her brother, Henri, duc de Bordeaux, in the gardens of Saint-Cloud, 1826
    The Duchess of Gontaut walking Louise d'Artois and her brother, Henri, duc de Bordeaux, in the gardens of Saint-Cloud, 1826
  • Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois, Duchess of Parma with her three children, Prosper 1849
    Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois, Duchess of Parma with her three children, Prosper 1849
  • Luisa Maria Teresa d'Artois, Scattola 1850
    Luisa Maria Teresa d'Artois, Scattola 1850
  • Louise d'Artois with her son Roberto I as Regent of Parma, Carlini 1854
    Louise d'Artois with her son Roberto I as Regent of Parma, Carlini 1854
  • Photograph, ca. 1860s
    Photograph, ca. 1860s
  • Photograph of Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma with her four children, ca. 1860s
    Photograph of Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma with her four children, ca. 1860s
  • Photograph, ca. 1860s
    Photograph, ca. 1860s

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ Jackman, Sydney; Haasse, Hella, eds. (1989). A Stranger in The Hague: The Letters of Queen Sophie of the Netherlands to Lady Malet, 1842-1877. Duke University Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0822308751.
  2. ^ a b "Franciscan monastery Kostanjevica". samostan-kostanjevica.si. Görz, Austria.
Princess Louise d'Artois
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Born: 21 September 1819 Died: 1 February 1864
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza
19 April 1849 – 27 March 1854 		Succeeded by
Princess Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies
Titular Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza
Preceded by Duchess regent of Parma and Piacenza
27 March 1854 – 3 December 1859 		Succeeded by
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