Ludwigsburg

Ludwigsburg
Town
Ludwigsburg Palace, inner courtyard
Coat of arms
Location of Ludwigsburg
Country	Germany
State	Baden-Württemberg
Admin. region	Stuttgart
District	Ludwigsburg
Government
• Mayor	Werner Spec
Area
• Total	43.33 km2 (16.73 sq mi)
Elevation	293 m (961 ft)
Population  (2022-12-31)
• Total	94,157
• Density	2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	71634–71642
Dialling codes	07141
Vehicle registration	LB
Website	www.ludwigsburg.de

Ludwigsburg (German pronunciation: [ˈlʊtvɪçsˌbʊrk]) is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg district with about 88,000 inhabitants. It is situated within the Stuttgart Region, and the district is part of the administrative region (Regierungsbezirk) of Stuttgart.

Founding

The area around Ludwigsburg had been a favored hunting grounds by the royal Württemberg family for generations before the founding of Ludwigsburg. Although the region was wilderness, it was easily accessible by boat using the Neckar River. In 1704 the founder of Ludwigsburg, Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg, arranged for the laying of the foundation stone for Ludwigsburg Palace. Ludwigsburg is named after the Duke Eberhard Louis' middle name, Ludwig being the German name for Louis. Right up until his death, construction workers and craftsmen worked on what was to become one of the largest Baroque palace ensembles in Europe. Under Eberhard Louis and his successor, Charles Eugene, the Palace served as the royal residence of Württemberg for a total of 28 years. With the Palace as their gesamtkunstwerk (translated literally, "collective work of art") and the opulent festivals they organized, the Dukes put their unbounded power on display with no consideration for the finances of Württemberg. To them, their most important task was to bring fame and renown to the court of Württemberg and to compete with and outdo other European rulers in this regard.

Duke Eberhard Louis planned to found an ideal Baroque city right beside Ludwigsburg Palace. From 1709 onwards, he tried to attract new residents to the city with a series of incentives: first he promised free plots of land and free building materials as well as fifteen years tax-free status, and later on he added freedom to practice one's profession and religion to the list. However, the town only began to grow when it was granted city status in 1718 and then in that year became the royal residence and capital city of the country of Württemberg. By the time of Eberhard Louis' death in 1733, the population had risen to around 6,000 people, which was more than half as big as the former capital city Stuttgart. Nevertheless, the new capital city Ludwigsburg was still a major construction site with many unpaved streets and half-finished buildings.

For over two decades, Eberhard Louis (1676-1733) held court in Ludwigsburg with his mistress Wilhilmine von Grävenitz (1684-1744) while the Duchess Johanna Elisabeth (1680-1757) remained in Stuttgart. The clever, ambitious mistress made the best of her time, influencing politics in Württemberg and advancing her status in society. When it became clear that the seriously ill heir to the throne would not come to power, Eberhard Louis had a change of heart, split with his lover and reconciled with his wife in the hope that he would have another son. This was cause for great joy for many people in Württemberg, as the Protestant population feared that power would fall into the hands of the Catholic side of the royal house. To mark reconciliation, the Ludwigsburg citizenry published a leaflet with a copper etching that made reference to the general wish for a new heir to the throne. The etching depicts the personification of Ludwigsburg who is receiving a pearl, a symbol of fertility, from the hand of God. However, people's hopes for another child were not fulfilled as Eberhard Louis died in 1733 and his Catholic cousin, Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, ascended to the throne. When Charles Alexander immediately moved the capital of Württemberg back to Stuttgart, the population of the Ludwigsburg suddenly dropped by more than half within a year.

History

The middle of Neckarland, where Ludwigsburg lies, was settled in the stone and bronze ages. Numerous archaeological sites from the Hallstatt period remain in the city and surrounding area.

Towards the end of the 1st century, the area was occupied by the Romans. They pushed the Limes further to the east around 150 and controlled the region until 260, when the Alamanni occupied the Neckarland. Evidence of the Alamanni settlement can be found in grave sites in the city today.

View of the upper grounds of Ludwigsburg Palace.

Hunting Lodge Favorite.

Castle Monrepos.

The origins of Ludwigsburg date from the beginning of the 18th century (1718–1723) when the largest baroque castle in Germany, Ludwigsburg Palace was built by Duke Eberhard Ludwig von Württemberg. Originally, the Duke planned to just build one country home (albeit a palace), which he began building in 1704. However, the examples of other princes fostered a desire to project his absolutist power by establishing a city. To the baroque palace, he added a hunting lodge and country seat, called Schloss Favorite (1713–1728), and the Seeschloss (castle on the lake) Monrepos (1764–1768).

A settlement began near the palace in 1709 and a town charter was granted on 3 April 1718. That same year, Ludwigsburg became a bailiff's seat, which eventually became the rural district of Ludwigsburg in 1938.

In the years between 1730 and 1800, the royal seat of residence changed back and forth several times between Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg. In 1800, Württemberg was occupied by France under Napoleon Bonaparte and was forced into an alliance. In 1806, the Kurfürst (Prince-Elector) Friedrich was made king of Württemberg by Napoleon. In 1812, the Württembergish army was raised in Ludwigsburg for Napoleon's Russian campaign. Of the 15,800 Württemberg soldiers who served, just a few hundred returned.

In 1921, Ludwigsburg became the largest garrison in southwest Germany. In 1945, Ludwigsburg was made a "Kreisstadt" (urban district), and later, when the Baden-Württemberg municipal code took effect on 1 April 1956, the city was named a major urban district. In 1956 the tradition of the German garrison town was taken up again by the Bundeswehr, Germany's federal armed forces.

2004 was the 300th birthday of Residenzschloss Ludwigsburg, celebrated by the opening of the Baroque Gallery and the Ceramic Museum in the Residenzschloss.

Jews and World War II

Jewish families began living in Ludwigsburg during the 19th century and in 1884, a synagogue was built on Solitudestraße. The synagogue was later destroyed by storm troopers during Kristallnacht, the pogrom of November 1938. In 1988, the perimeter of the structure was marked out in plaster on the site. A 1959 memorial and newer memorial plaques commemorate the Jewish Holocaust victims and extol human rights.

In 1940, a Nazi propaganda film, Jud Süß, was filmed in Ludwigsburg. The film was based on a historical figure, Joseph Süß Oppenheimer, who was executed in Stuttgart in 1738; Oppenheimer lived in Ludwigsburg.

During World War II, the city suffered moderate damage compared to other German cities. There were 1500 deaths. It was the home of the prisoner-of-war camp Stalag V-A from October 1939 till April 1945. After the war, there was a large displaced persons camp which housed several thousand mainly Polish displaced persons until about 1948. After 1945 until the middle of 1946, there was also an allied internment camp for war criminals in Ludwigsburg and the U.S. Army maintained the Pattonville barracks on the edge of town, large enough to have its own American high school. The land was returned to Germany in 1994.

On 27 September 2008, the first 12 Stolpersteine were laid in Ludwigsburg. They are part of a project by artist Gunter Demnig to memorialize individuals who perished under Nazi persecution. Demnig was back in Ludwigsburg on 7 October 2009 to install more Stolpersteine.

Business and industry

The North-South Powerline, includes a large transformer station Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck, built in 1926, which still exists today. It is a central junction in the power lines of Baden-Württemberg to this day.

On 5 October 1957, the first 380kV-powerline in Germany between the transformer station Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck and Rommerskirchen went into service.

Local businesses

• GdF Wüstenrot, building and loan association
• Beru AG, automotive supplier
• Getrag GmbH, automotive supplier (founded in Ludwigsburg, now in Untergruppenbach)
• Mann+Hummel, manufacturer of automotive filtration products
• Kreissparkasse Ludwigsburg, bank
• Volksbank Ludwigsburg, bank

City government

The town council has 40 members. The last local election was on 25 May 2014. The voter participation was 44.62%. The results of the election were:

Party	Seats	%
CDU	11	26.72%
The Greens	8	19.87%
SPD	8	18.52%
Free Voters	7	17.64%
FDP	2	5.98%
The Left	2	5.20%
LUBU	1	3.37%
REP	1	1.78%

Coat of arms

Ludwisburg emblem.

The Coat of Arms is blue with an angular red flagpole and golden banner depicting a large black eagle with red beak and talons.

The city banner is black and yellow and was introduced in 1750.

Public institutions

Ludwigsburg has a court of first instance (magistrate’s/municipal court) (Amtsgericht in German), external benches of the Stuttgart Employment Tribunal, a tax- and revenue office, and an Employment Agency (German: Agentur für Arbeit).

The Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes(German: Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen zur Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen or German: Zentrale Stelle or German: Z Commission), Germany's main agency responsible for investigating war crimes during Nazi rule, has its seat at Ludwigsburg.

Further there is the district administration office (German: Landratsamt) of Ludwigsburg district.

There is a teaching hospital with 969 beds of the University Hospital Heidelberg.

The town is also the seat of a church district office of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg (German: Evangelische Landeskirche in Württemberg) and a deanery of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart.

Since its foundation in 1948 the Franco-German Institute (German: Deutsch-Französisches Institut (DFI)) has its seat at Ludwigsburg.

Education

In 1966, the Pädagogische Hochschule, a teaching college, and the "Staatliche Sportschule Ludwigsburg" (State Sports School) were opened.

Further universities seated in Ludwigsburg are the University of Applied Sciences – Ludwigsburg (German: Hochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung und Finanzen Ludwigsburg), a State institution for the formation of administration officials (the higher echelons of Civil Servants), the Protestant University For Social Works, Church Social Works and Religious Teaching (German: Evangelische Hochschule Ludwigsburg (Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit, Religionspädagogik und Diakonie)).

In 1991, the national film school Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg was established in Ludwigsburg, which won several national and international awards. It is regarded as one of the best film schools in the world.

Since 2007, there is also the Academy of Performing Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg (German: Akademie für Darstellende Kunst Baden-Württemberg).

Ludwigsburg has eight secondary schools of various types and four vocational schools. Furthermore, there are four special schools. In all, there are 17 primary schools. The adult high school and the town library are located at the cultural center behind the city hall.

Sports

Ludwigsburg has six teams in the top level of professional sports. They are MHP Riesen Ludwigsburg (Basketball), both formations A and B of the dance team (1. Tanzclub Ludwigsburg), the Latin-formation (TSC Ludwigsburg), the Hockey-Club Ludwigsburg 1912 e. V. and the riflery team of Ludwigsburg. Additionally there are numerous amateur clubs for various sports.

Districts

Ludwigsburg consists of following districts:

• Mitte (Center)
• West
• Nord (North)
• Ost (East)
• Süd (South)
• Eglosheim
• Grünbühl-Sonnenberg
• Hoheneck, with a therapeutic and thermal bath, opened in 1907
• Neckarweihingen
• Oßweil
• Pflugfelden
• Poppenweiler

Neighbouring towns

The following towns are neighbouring towns of Ludwigsburg, starting north of the city and going clockwise: Freiberg am Neckar, Benningen am Neckar, Marbach am Neckar, Erdmannhausen, Affalterbach, Remseck am Neckar, Kornwestheim, Möglingen, Asperg und Tamm.

Population growth

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% 1718 600 —     1726 2,442 +307.0% 1774 11,607 +375.3% 1803 5,248 −54.8% 1843¹ 10,726 +104.4% 1871¹ 11,785 +9.9% 1875¹ 13,800 +17.1% 1880¹ 14,700 +6.5% 1885¹ 16,187 +10.1% 1890¹ 17,418 +7.6%

Year Pop. ±% 1895¹ 19,311 +10.9% 1900¹ 19,436 +0.6% 1905¹ 22,585 +16.2% 1910¹ 24,926 +10.4% 1916¹ 19,377 −22.3% 1917¹ 19,206 −0.9% 1919¹ 23,303 +21.3% 1925¹ 28,861 +23.9% 1933¹ 34,135 +18.3% 1939¹ 43,505 +27.4%

Year Pop. ±% 1945 38,804 −10.8% 1946¹ 49,635 +27.9% 1950¹ 58,489 +17.8% 1956¹ 69,535 +18.9% 1961¹ 73,512 +5.7% 1965 76,555 +4.1% 1970¹ 78,019 +1.9% 1975 83,622 +7.2% 1980 81,589 −2.4% 1985 76,973 −5.7%

Year Pop. ±% 1987¹ 78,884 +2.5% 1990 82,343 +4.4% 1995 86,810 +5.4% 2000 86,897 +0.1% 2005 87,673 +0.9% 2006 87,295 −0.4% 2014 90,386 +3.5%

Notable people

Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg, enrolled the young Friedrich Schiller in the Karlsschule Stuttgart (an elite military academy he had founded) in 1773, where Schiller eventually studied medicine. The Duke was very demanding of his students, and Schiller's childhood was a lonely and unhappy one, but he was greatly enriched by the excellent education he received. It was there that he wrote his first play, Die Räuber ("The Robbers"), about a group of naïve revolutionaries and their tragic failure.

Leopold Mozart visited Württemberg with his son, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in July 1763 and said, "Ludwigsburg is a very special town."

Present and former residents of Ludwigsburg

• Ilse Koch (1906-1967), the wife of Karl Koch (1897-1945), the commandant of the concentration camps Buchenwald from 1937 to 1941 and Majdanek from 1941 to 1943.
• Horst Köhler, (born 1943), former Federal President of Germany and previous managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) grew up in Ludwigsburg.
• Hans Scholl, (1918-1943), German student and member of the Nazi resistance group, the White Rose, executed by the Nazis
• Sophie Scholl, (1921-1943), German student and member of the Nazi resistance group, the White Rose, executed by the Nazis
• Friedrich Silcher (1789-1860), German composer, wrote music in Ludwigsburg

Friedrich Silcher and his wife 1822

• Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826), wrote music in Ludwigsburg.
• Eva Heller, (1948-2008), German author and social scientist, grew up in Ludwigsburg. She was born in neighboring Esslingen am Neckar.

People born in Ludwigsburg

• Charles Pfizer (1824–1906), German chemist and founder of Pfizer Inc.
• Wilhelm Groener (1867–1939), German officer and politician
• Caesar von Hofacker (1896–1944), German Luftwaffe officer and Nazi resistance member, hanged for treason
• Eduard von Kallee (1818–1888), general, painter und archaeologist
• Richard Kallee (1854–1933), pastor of Stuttgart-Feuerbach
• Justinus Kerner (1786–1862), writer and physician
• Hartmut Michel (1948- ), co-recipient of 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Eduard Mörike (1804–1875), German romantic poet and theologian
• Karl Ludwig von Phull (1757–1826), general
• Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (1739–1791), poet

Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart

• Tony Schumacher (1848–1931), author of children's books
• Hugo Sperrle (1885-1953), German field marshal of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
• David Friedrich Strauß (1808–1874), theologian and writer
• Albert Veiel (1806–1874), German dermatologist
• Friedrich Theodor Vischer (1807–1887), theologian, professor, and politician
• Reinhard von Werneck (1757–1842), soldier and director of Munich's Englischer Garten
• Antonio Čolak (born 1993), Croatian footballer who currently plays for Darmstadt 98

Twin towns (sister cities)

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Ludwigsburg is twinned with:

• Montbéliard, France, since 1950
• Caerphilly, United Kingdom, since 1960
• Eupatoria, Russia, since 1990
• Saint Charles, Missouri, United States, since 1995
• Nový Jičín, Czech Republic, since 1991

Further reading

• Andrea Hahn: Ludwigsburg, Stationen einer Stadt, Andreas Hackenberg Verlag, Ludwigsburg 2004, ISBN 3-937280-02-2
• Gernot von Hahn, Friedhelm Horn: Ludwigsburg, Stadt der Schlösser und Gärten, Medien-Verlag Schubert, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-929229-55-2
• Bruno Hahnemann: Ludwigsburg. Stadt - Schlösser - Blühendes Barock, Verlag Ungeheuer + Ulmer, Ludwigsburg 1979
• on the sidelines, Frederick Forsyth: The Odessa File (ISBN 0-553-27198-9)
• Annette Weinke, Eine Gesellschaft ermittelt gegen sich selbst. Die Geschichte der Zentralen Stelle Ludwigsburg 1958-2008 (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2008).
• Hans H. Pöschko (Hg.), Die Ermittler von Ludwigsburg. Deutschland und die Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen (Berlin: Metropol 2008).
• Tobias Herrmann / Gisela Müller, Mitteilungen aus dem Bundesarchiv. Themenheft 2008: Die Außenstelle Ludwigsburg (Koblenz: Bundesarchiv 2008).

External links

• Official website of the City of Ludwigsburg
• Tourism Information about Ludwigsburg Template:Link language
• Template:Dmoz

Other educational institutions

• Carl-Schaefer-Schule Template:Link language
• Elly-Heuss-Knapp Realschule Template:Link language
• Eugen-Bolz Hauptschule Template:Link language
• Friedrich-Schiller-Gymnasium Template:Link language
• Goethe-Gymnasium Template:Link language
• Gottlieb-Daimler Realschule Template:Link language
• Moerike-Gymnasium Template:Link language
• Oststadt Hauptschule Template:Link language
• Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium Template:Link language
• Uhlandschule Hauptschule Template:Link language
• Oscar-Walcker-Schule Template:Link language