Methyl isocyanide
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
Isocyanomethane
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| Other names
methyl isocyanide; isoacetonitrile; methylisonitrile; isomethanenitrile; methaneisonitrile
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.917 |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C2H3N | |
| Molar mass | 41.053 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.69 g/mL liquid |
| Melting point | −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K) |
| Boiling point | 59 to 60 °C (138 to 140 °F; 332 to 333 K) |
| miscible | |
| Solubility | organic solvents |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds
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acetic acid, acetamide, ethylamine, Acetonitrile |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Methyl isocyanide or isocyanomethane is an organic compound and a member of the isocyanide family. This colorless liquid is isomeric to methyl cyanide (acetonitrile), but its reactivity is very different. Methyl isocyanide is mainly used for making 5-membered heterocyclic rings. The C-N distance in methyl isocyanide is very short, 1.158 Å as is characteristic of isocyanides. [1]
Preparation and uses
Methyl isocyanide was first prepared Gautier by reaction of silver cyanide with methyl iodide.[2][3] The common method for preparing methyl isocyanides is the dehydration of N-methylformamide.[4]
Methyl isocyanide is useful for the preparation of diverse heterocycles. It is also a ligand in organometallic chemistry.[5]
References
- ^ Myer Kessler, Harold Ring, Ralph Trambarulo, Walter Gordy "Microwave Spectra and Molecular Structures of Methyl Cyanide and Methyl Isocyanide" Phys. Rev. 1950, vol. 79, 54–56. {{DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.79.54}}
- ^ Gautier, A. (1868). "Ueber eine neue Reihe von Verbindungen, welche mit den Cyanwasserstoffsäure-Aethern isomer sind". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 146 (1): 119–124. doi:10.1002/jlac.18681460107.
- ^ Gautier, A. (1869). "Des Nitriles des Acides Gras: Deuxième Partie - Des Carbylamines". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 17: 203.
- ^ R. E. Schuster, James E. Scott, and Joseph Casanova, Jr (1966). "Methyl isocyanide". Organic Syntheses. 46: 75. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.046.0075
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link). - ^ Eckert, H.; Nestl, A.; Ugi, I. (2001). "Methyl isocyanide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rm198.
