Nikolay Basov
Nikolay Basov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov 14 December 1922 |
| Died | 1 July 2001 (aged 78) |
| Alma mater | Moscow Engineering Physics Institute |
| Known for | Invention of lasers and masers |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physics (1964) Kalinga Prize (1986) Lomonosov Gold Medal (1989) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Lebedev Physical Institute |
Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov (Russian: Никола́й Генна́диевич Ба́сов; 14 December 1922 – 1 July 2001) was a Soviet physicist and educator. For his fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics that led to the development of laser and maser, Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Hard Townes.[1]
Early life
Basov was born in the town Usman, now in Lipetsk Oblast in 1922.[2] He finished school in 1941 in Voronezh, and was later called for military service at Kuibyshev Military Medical Academy. In 1943 he left the academy and served in the Red Army[2] participating in the Second World War with the 1st Ukrainian Front.
Professional career
Basov graduated from Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI) in 1950. He then held a professorship at MEPhI and also worked in the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI), where he defended a dissertation for the Candidate of Sciences degree (equivalent to PhD) in 1953 and a dissertation for the Doctor of Sciences degree in 1956. Basov was the Director of the LPI in 1973–1988. He was elected as corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences since 1991) in 1962 and Full Member of the Academy in 1966. In 1967, he was elected a Member of the Presidium of the Academy (1967—1990), and since 1990 he was the councillor of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He was Honorary President and Member of the International Academy of Science, Munich.[3][4] He was the head of the laboratory of quantum radiophysics at the LPI until his death in 2001.[1]
Missile defense
Basov's contributions to the development of the laser and maser, which won him the Nobel Prize in 1964, led to new missile defense initiatives seeking to employ them.[5]
Politics
He entered politics in 1951[clarification needed] and became a member of parliament (the Soviet of the Union of the Supreme Soviet) in 1974.[2] Following U.S. President Ronald Reagan's speech on SDI in 1983, Basov signed a letter along with other Soviet scientists condemning the initiative, which was published in the New York Times.[6] In 1985 he declared the Soviet Union was capable of matching SDI proposals made by the U.S.[6][clarification needed]
Books
- N. G. Basov, K. A. Brueckner (Editor-in-Chief), S. W. Haan, C. Yamanaka. Inertial Confinement Fusion, 1992, Research Trends in Physics Series published by the American Institute of Physics Press (presently Springer, New York). ISBN 0-88318-925-9.
- V. Stefan and N. G. Basov (Editors). Semiconductor Science and Technology, Volume 1. Semiconductor Lasers. (Stefan University Press Series on Frontiers in Science and Technology) (Paperback), 1999. ISBN 1-889545-11-2.
- V. Stefan and N. G. Basov (Editors). Semiconductor Science and Technology, Volume 2: Quantum Dots and Quantum Wells. (Stefan University Press Series on Frontiers in Science and Technology) (Paperback), 1999. ISBN 1-889545-12-0.
Awards and honours
- Lenin Prize (1959)
- Nobel Prize in Physics (1964, with the pioneering work done in the field of quantum electronics)
- Hero of Socialist Labour — twice (1969, 1982)
- Gold Medal of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (1975)
- A. Volta Gold Medal (1977)
- Kalinga Prize (1986)
- USSR State Prize (1989)
- Lomonosov Grand Gold Medal, Moscow State University (1990)
- Order of Lenin – five times
- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class
- Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class
See also
References
- ^ a b "Basov Nikolay Gennadiyevich"
- ^ a b c "A century of Nobel Prizes recipients: chemistry, physics, and medicine", Francis Leroy. CRC Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8247-0876-8, ISBN 978-0-8247-0876-4. p. 174-175
- ^ http://www.ias-icsd.org/resources/ICSD-IAS-Founding-Members-1989.pdf
- ^ http://www.ias-icsd.org/history.html
- ^ "Soviet ballistic missile defense and the Western alliance", David Scott Yost. Harvard University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-674-82610-8, ISBN 978-0-674-82610-6. p. 58
- ^ a b "The strategic defence initiative: US policy and the Soviet Union", Mira Duric. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003. ISBN 0-7546-3733-6, ISBN 978-0-7546-3733-2. p. 43-45
External links
- Basov's grave
- Detailed biography Template:Ru icon
- Biography from the Nobel Foundation.
- Oral History interview transcript with Nikolay Basov 14 September 1984, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1922 births
- 2001 deaths
- People from Usman, Russia
- Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
- Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Foreign Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
- Heroes of Socialist Labour
- Lenin Prize winners
- Nobel laureates in Physics
- Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class
- Russian Nobel laureates
- Soviet Nobel laureates
- Recipients of the USSR State Prize
- Recipients of the Order of Lenin
- Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class
- Russian physicists
- Optical physicists
- Laser researchers
- Russian inventors
- Soviet military personnel of World War II
- Soviet physicists
- 20th-century physicists
- Spectroscopists
- Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
- Recipients of the Lomonosov Gold Medal
- Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery