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Northampton railway station

Coordinates: 52°14′18″N 0°54′26″W / 52.2383°N 0.9071°W / 52.2383; -0.9071
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For Union Station in Northampton, Massachusetts, see Union Station (Northampton, Massachusetts).
Northampton
General information
LocationNorthampton
Managed byLondon Midland
Platforms5
Other information
Station codeNMP
History
Original companyLondon and North Western Railway
Post-groupingLondon, Midland and Scottish Railway
London Midland Region of British Railways
Key dates
16 February 1859Opened as Northampton Castle
1880-1881Rebuilt
1965-66Remodelled
27 September 1965Closure of motive power depot
18 April 1966Renamed Northampton

Northampton railway station serves the large town of Northampton in England. It is on the Northampton Loop of the West Coast Main Line.

The station is served by London Midland services southbound to London and northbound to Birmingham New Street. Virgin Trains also run infrequent semi-fast services to London only at the extremes of the day.

Until the 1960s, the station was known as Northampton Castle, as it is built on the site of the former castle of that name. As part of the station's redevelopment, it has been proposed to revert to this name.[1]

Services

Northampton is served by London Midland services to London Euston, Milton Keynes and Birmingham. London Midland maintain their fleet of Class 350 EMUs at the Siemens depot just to the north of the station, as well as maintaining a Train Crew Depot at the station.

The typical Monday-Saturday off-peak service consists of:

The service along the Trent Valley Line to Crewe via Nuneaton and Stafford no longer calls here (since December 2012); this service now runs on the direct (fast) lines between Milton Keynes and Rugby as part of London Midland's plans to run 110mph regional services on the West Coast Main Line.[2] Passengers wishing to travel between Northampton and Crewe now have to change at Rugby. However there are still a few Crewe services from Northampton and an hourly service on Sundays.

Virgin Trains operate two trains per day to London Euston (southbound only); one in the early morning and one in the late evening. These services originate from Birmingham New Street. But no northbound Virgin services are timetabled as serving Northampton. The lack of fast services at Northampton is caused by the fast lines of the West Coast Main Line bypassing the town. Connections to Manchester and other long-distance destinations can be made by changing at Milton Keynes Central.

Preceding station National Rail National Rail Following station
Rugby   London Midland
London - Birmingham 		  Milton Keynes Central
Terminus   London Midland
London-Northampton 		  Wolverton
Long Buckby
   London Midland
London/Northampton - Birmingham 		  Terminus or Wolverton
Rugby
   Virgin Trains
Birmingham New Street to London Euston
 		  Milton Keynes Central
Disused railways
Pitsford and Brampton
Line and station closed 		  London and North Western Railway
Northampton to Market Harborough line 		  Northampton Bridge
Street
Line and station closed
Terminus   London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Bedford to Northampton Line 		  Piddington
Line and station closed
  Historical railways  
Church Brampton
Line open, station closed 		  London and North Western Railway
Northampton Loop 		  Roade
Line open, station closed

History

A 1911 Railway Clearing House map of railways in the vicinity of Northampton

At one time there were three railway stations in Northampton: Northampton (Bridge Street), Northampton (St. John's Street) and Northampton (Castle). The latter now survives as the town's only station.

The railway reaches Northampton

Although the promoters of the London and Birmingham Railway had considered routes passing close to Northampton in 1830, the town was skirted by the final choice of alignment via Blisworth and a loop line to remedy this had to wait for several decades.[3] The decision to omit Northampton was not due to local opposition but rather engineering decisions taken by the railway company's engineer Robert Stephenson.[4][5] The 120 ft (37 m) difference in gradient in the 4 mi (6.4 km) between Northampton and Blisworth, on the floor of the Nene Valley, is likely to have played a key role in the decision.[6] Robert Stephenson is reported to have said that he could easily get trains into the town but not out again.[6] As a result, Northampton lost out as a commercial centre to towns such as Leicester which had better transport links.[6] The town was considered as the southern terminus of the Midland Counties Railway in 1833 but lost out to Rugby on account of the shorter distance with Leicester.[7]

Bridge Street station on the Northampton and Peterborough Railway from Blisworth to Peterborough East was thus the first station in Northampton, opening on 13 May 1845.[8]

1858 station

1900s postcard of the exterior of Castle station.

Following the discovery of a large quantity of ironstone in Northamptonshire in 1851, a proposal was made by the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR) for an 18 mi (29 km) line from Market Harborough to Northampton which received Parliamentary approval in 1853.[9] The line's terminus in Northampton was to be on part of the old orchard of Northampton Castle which had been purchased in 1852 by the Reverend Havilland de Sausmarez, the absentee Rector of the Parish of St Peter, as the site of a new rectory.[10] The L&NWR agreed to purchase the land for £5,250, to complete the parsonage and to rent it back to the Reverend.[10] Tenders were advertised for the line in 1858 and the lowest offer of £81,637 by Richard Dunkley of Blisworth was accepted.[11] The contractor had been an unsuccessful bidder for the contract to build Bridge Street station.[12] Dunkley was also the successful tenderer for the line's stations, including Castle station at a cost of £612.[13]

It would be the most basic structure on the line with no goods facilities, limited passenger waiting accommodation and an awning over the single platform.[14] Goods traffic was to be dealt with at Bridge Street.[15] The station opened with the line on 16 February 1859.[16][17][18][19][20] It was described in the L&NWR's minutes as a "very unassuming edifice", giving the impression that it was "merely temporary in nature" until traffic developed to a sufficient level to allow a "more imposing" structure to be built.[21]

1880-81 rebuilding

The advent of the Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Railway to tap the coalfields of Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire led the L&NWR to quadruple its main line between Bletchley and Rugby and also to consider ways in which Northampton might be better served.[22] In 1875, the L&NWR obtained powers to quadruple the main line north from Bletchley to Roade, with the two new tracks (the "slow lines") diverging at Roade so as to form a new line (the "Northampton Loop") through Northampton.[23] The result of these works would be to put Northampton on an important coal artery from Nottingham and the North to the L&NWR's Camden goods depot.[24]

Additional land would have to be purchased at Castle station to allow for expanded passenger facilities and goods facilities.[25] Due to the proximity of the River Nene, the only way this could be done was to expand onto the site of Northampton Castle.[25] On 18 December 1876, the L&NWR purchased the site from William Walker and subsequently demolished the remains of the castle except for the postern gate which, following a local petition, was moved to a new site in the boundary wall of the new station where it remains to this day.[26][25] £30,000 was allowed by the L&NWR board for the improvement of passenger facilities[27] and a goods shed was constructed on the site of the castle in 1880.[23] The rebuilt station opened with the Loop Line north to Rugby on 1 December 1881 followed by the line south to Roade on 3 April 1882.[23][28]

Modern times

Line closures

No further significant changes took place prior to nationalisation except for an increase in the number of sidings at the station.[29] One notable change was the traffic diverted from Northampton St John's following its closure in 1939.[30][31][32][33]

Closures accelerated under British Railways with the withdrawal of services from Bridge Street station, which lost much if not all of its significance following the opening of the Loop,[24] on 4 May 1964[8][32] when the Northampton to Peterborough line was closed, leaving only Castle station serving the town.[26] As a result, Castle station was renamed Northampton on 18 April 1966.[8][34] The Great Northern and London and North Western Joint Line closed to all passenger traffic except for a workmen's service on 7 December 1953; the workmen's service between Market Harborough and East Norton ended on 20 May 1957.[35] The section between Welham Junction and Marefield North Junction closed on November 1963, followed by the Rugby and Stamford Railway on 6 June 1966.[35] The line to Market Harborough closed on 15 August 1981.[36]

1965-66 remodelling

Frontage of the rebuilt 1960s station in 1967.

The station was chosen by British Rail for complete rebuilding in 1965-66 as part of the electrification of the West Coast Main Line between Euston and Liverpool.[37][35][26] The station layout remained unchanged.[38] Standard colour-light signalling was installed in the area but control was not centralised.[38] The current was switched on for the first time between Hillmorton Junction to Northampton on 6 June 1965 for insulation tests, with steam locomotives being withdrawn from the area on 27 September 1965.[37]

2013-14 rebuilding

Following the designation of Northampton Waterside as an enterprise zone in August 2011,[39] plans to replace the existing station with a new two-storey glass and steel structure were approved by the West Northamptonshire Development Corporation.[40] The redevelopment includes a new 2,500 m2 (27,000 sq ft) station building nearly twice the size of the present one, a new 1,270 space multi-storey car park, new footbridge and platform canopies, new approach roads and associated junction improvements, as well as a 28,000 m2 (300,000 sq ft) commercial development.[41][42] Funding for the new station was agreed in May 2012 when the government agreed to provide £10m, with the remaining £10m coming from Network Rail and Northamptonshire County Council.[43] Construction work began in August 2013 with the projected completion date of Autumn 2014.[44]

Proposed renaming

Northamptonshire County Council has proposed to rename the station "Northampton Castle" in recognition of the site's history.[45] The change is reported to cost £200,000.[45]

Media

The 2005 film Kinky Boots featured a station named 'Northampton', although the scenes were filmed at nearby Wellingborough on the Midland Main Line.[citation needed]

A SLS special calls on 14 April 1962, before 1965 remodelling

Locomotive facilities

Motive power depots

For several years after 1849 engines were stabled in the open on a siding set aside for this purpose.[46] The first shed was a wooden structure opened in c. 1850 by the London and Birmingham Railway which was blown down in 1852.[47] A brick built replacement was provided in 1855 which was later enlarged in 1870 to receive extra locomotives from Wolverton shed which closed in 1874.[46] In 1881, a large 10-road replacement shed was constructed in the triangle of lines to the south of the station, with the 1855 shed subsequently used for carriage storage.[46][47] This shed, which was often referred to as Bridge Street, was located near the Grand Union Canal and could accommodate 50 engines.[46] Measuring 228 ft × 132 ft (69 m × 40 m) with a 42 ft (13 m) turntable, the shed was initially coded as No. 5 and became No. 6 on the opening of Bescot.[46] For administrative purposes, it was merged with Colwick shed upon the grouping and both remained under the control of the same shed foreman until Colwick's closure in 1932.[46] Northampton was coded 2C in 1935 when it was merged with Rugby shed; it remained 2C until December 1963 when it was recoded 1H by British Railways.[46]

Initially 16 locomotives were allocated to Northampton shed in the 1860s, a figure which had risen to 36 by 1925 despite receiving the allocation of the ex-Midland shed at Hardingstone Lane in 1924.[46] The stock level rose under British Railways when it comprised 8Fs, 4Fs and LNWR 0-8-0s for freight workings, 'Black Fives', 2-6-2Ts and 4-4-0s for passenger services, while a few 3Fs and a single Webb 2-4-2T were used for shunting.[46]

A re-arrangement of the offices and stores took place in 1927 under the London, Midland and Scottish Railway at a cost of nearly £1,000; the roof was also replaced by one with a 'louvre' pattern.[46] A new 60 ft (18 m) turntable was installed in 1938 by the south-east corner of the building.[46] Further modernisation took place in 1952 when ash and coaling plants were erected by British Railways, together with a new 70,000 imp gal (320,000 L) structure.[46] The shed was closed, along with Willesden shed, as from 27 September 1965, a consequence of the electrification of the West Coast Main Line.[46]

King's Heath depot

To the north of the station is a five-road Siemens rolling stock maintenance depot which officially opened on 27 June 2006; the depot is responsible for the entire Class 350 Desiro fleet which were introduced in June 2005.[48]

References

Notes

  1. ^ "Northampton rail station's £200K name plan attacked". BBC News Online. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  2. ^ "London Midland Reveals Details of its "Project 110"". rail.co.uk. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  3. ^ Gough (1984), p. 8.
  4. ^ Wake (1935), p. 17.
  5. ^ Hatley (1959), pp. 305–309.
  6. ^ a b c Engel (2009), p. 61.
  7. ^ Gough (1984), p. 9.
  8. ^ a b c Butt (1995), p. 172.
  9. ^ Gough (1984), pp. 19, 23 and 28.
  10. ^ a b Gough (1984), p. 30.
  11. ^ Gough (1984), pp. 32–33.
  12. ^ Gough (1984), p. 33.
  13. ^ Gough (1984), pp. 41–42.
  14. ^ Gough (1984), p. 42.
  15. ^ Kingscott (2008), p. 69.
  16. ^ Leleux (1984), p. 54.
  17. ^ Harrison, Chaz (11 August 2009). "Ever wondered what lies beneath?". BBC News. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  18. ^ William Page, ed. (1930). "The borough of Northampton: Introduction". A History of the County of Northampton. Vol. 3. pp. 1–26. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
  19. ^ "Northampton Central Area Design, development and movement framework (Final Report)" (PDF). November 2006. para. 2.15. Retrieved 30 August 2010. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check |first= value (help)
  20. ^ Quick (2009), p. 295.
  21. ^ Gough (1984), p. 52.
  22. ^ Gough (1984), p. 61.
  23. ^ a b c Leleux (1984), p. 56.
  24. ^ a b Gough (1984), p. 76.
  25. ^ a b c Gough (1984), p. 63.
  26. ^ a b c Kingscott (2008), p. 70.
  27. ^ Gough (1984), p. 74.
  28. ^ Gough (1984), p. 75.
  29. ^ Gough (1984), p. 81.
  30. ^ Butt (1995), p. 173.
  31. ^ Kingscott (2008), p. 143.
  32. ^ a b Mitchell & Smith (2007), fig. 62.
  33. ^ Clinker (1988), p. 102.
  34. ^ Mitchell & Smith (2007), fig. XVII.
  35. ^ a b c Gough (1984), p. 85.
  36. ^ Gough (1984), p. 87.
  37. ^ a b Milner & Banks (2001), p. 66.
  38. ^ a b Gough (1984), p. 86.
  39. ^ HM Treasury (17 August 2011). "The Government announces 11 new Enterprise Zones to accelerate local growth, as part of the Plan for Growth". Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  40. ^ "Northampton's Castle station plans approved". BBC News Online. 12 August 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  41. ^ West Northamptonshire Development Corporation (28 June 2012). "Redevelopment of Northampton rail station a step closer". Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  42. ^ West Northamptonshire Development Corporation (15 October 2012). "Preparations for £20m Station to commence". Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  43. ^ "Northampton railway station redevelopment funding agreed". BBC News Online. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  44. ^ "Work begins on Northampton's new £20m railway station". Northampton Chronicle & Echo. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  45. ^ a b "Northampton rail station's £200K name plan attacked". BBC News Online. 9 April 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hawkins & Reeve (1981), p. 162.
  47. ^ a b Griffiths (1999), p. 157.
  48. ^ Mitchell & Smith (2007), fig. 70.

Sources

Further reading

  • Healy, John M.C. (1989). The Last Days of Steam in Northamptonshire. Gloucester: Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-613-9.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Northampton railway station.

52°14′18″N 0°54′26″W / 52.2383°N 0.9071°W / 52.2383; -0.9071

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