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Modern pentathlon

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The modern pentathlon is a sports contest that includes five events: pistol shooting, fencing, 200 m freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a 3 km cross-country run.[1] Since 1949 an annual World Championship has been held in non-Olympic years.

Originally the competition took place over four or five days; however in 1996 a one-day format was adopted in an effort to be more audience-friendly[1]. Its lack of widespread popularity outside Eastern Europe has led to calls for its removal from the Olympic Games in recent years;[2] however, following a vote by the IOC on July 8, 2005, it has remained in the Olympic program at least through 2012.

History

Conclusion of the Men's event at the 2004 Summer Olympics

The modern pentathlon was invented by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games.[1] The name derives from the Greek penta- "five" and -athlon "contest".[1] The addition of modern to the name distinguished it from the original pentathlon of the ancient Olympic Games, which consisted of the stadion foot race, wrestling, long jump, javelin, and discus. As the events of the ancient pentathlon were modeled after the skills of the ideal soldier of that time, Coubertin created the contest to simulate the experience of a 19th century cavalry soldier behind enemy lines: he must ride an unfamiliar horse, fight with pistol and sword, swim, and run.[1]

The event was first held at the 1912 Olympic Games, and was won by Swedish athlete Gösta Lilliehöök. The modern pentathlon has been on the Olympic program continuously since 1912. A team event was added to the Olympic Games in 1952 and discontinued in 1992. An event for women was added in 2000.[1] In non-Olympic years, a World Championship is held, beginning in 1949.

Originally the competition took place over four or five days; however in 1996 a one-day format was adopted in an effort to be more audience-friendly.[1] In spite of the event's strong pedigree in the modern Olympics, and its status as the only event created specifically for the modern Olympic Games, its lack of widespread popularity outside Eastern Europe[2] has led to calls for its removal from the Olympic Games in recent years; however, a vote by the IOC on July 8, 2005, keeps it in the Olympic program at least until 2012. The IOC will vote in September 2013 regarding whether to remove the modern penthalon, replacing it with one of eight sports currently under consideration for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games.[3]

Format

Except for the fencing competition, athletes do not directly compete against one another in the five events. Instead, a better absolute performance results in a higher points score; points for each event are combined to give the overall total scores. This is similar to the procedure for the decathlon in track and field athletics. However, an innovation was introduced to make the finale of the pentathlon more exciting. The last event is the cross-country run. Competitors are ranked according to their score from the first four disciplines and given different start times, with the leader going first, and other starts staggered by points differential such that the first person to cross the finish line will be the overall points leader and win the pentathlon. This method of finishing the competition would also eventually find use in winter events; the Gundersen method details a means by which a similar finish is achieved in the Nordic combined.[citation needed]

The fencing discipline uses the épée. The competition is a round-robin, meaning each competitor will face all the other competitors once. Each match lasts up to one minute; the first fencer to score a hit wins instantly. Double hits are not counted. If neither scores within one minute, they both lose the match.

The swimming discipline is a 200 m freestyle race. Until the 2000 Olympics, the distance was 300 metres.[4] Competitors are seeded in heats according to their fastest time over the distance.

The riding discipline involves show jumping over a 350–450 m course with 12 to 15 obstacles. Competitors are paired with horses in a draw 20 minutes before the start of the event.

The shooting discipline involves using a 4.5 mm air pistol in the standing position from 10 metres distance at a stationary target. Until the 2008 rules change, the format was that of the 10 metre air pistol competition: each competitor had 20 shots, with 40 seconds allowed for each shot. Beginning with the Rancho Mirage World Cup (Feb 2011), the pistols have changed to a laser instead of an actual projectile. There is a slight delay between the trigger pull and the laser firing, simulating the time it would take for a pellet to clear the muzzle.[5]

The running discipline involves a 3 km cross-country race. Until the 2000 Olympics, the distance was 4 kilometres.[4]

In November 2008, the UIPM voted to change the format from the start of 2009. The running and shooting disciplines are contested in tandem. Athletes have three bouts of shooting each followed by a 1000 m run. This is similar to the biathlon at the Winter Olympic Games, which combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting. However, whereas biathletes carry their rifles while skiing, pentathletes will not carry their pistols while running. The change has been criticized as altering too radically the nature of the skills required. The New York Times asked whether the name ought to be changed to "tetrathlon" given that two of the five disciplines had been combined into a single event.[1]

In the new format, in each of the three rounds of firing, athletes have to successfully shoot five targets, loading the gun after each shot. They may resume running once they have five successful hits, or once the maximum shooting time of 70 seconds has expired. Misses are not penalised.[6][1] The new format maintains the principle that the overall winner will be the first to cross the finish line.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Branch, John (November 26, 2008). "Modern Pentathlon Gets a Little Less Penta". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  2. ^ a b "Special Edition: Refuting IOC's Plan to End Modern Pentathlon Competition". The Sport Journal. Fall, 2002. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); Text "http://www.thesportjournal.org/article/special-edition-sport-journal-ioc-planning-drop-modern-pentathlon-olympic-games" ignored (help)
  3. ^ Sale, Charles (August 8, 2012). "Is it 100 and out for modern pentathlon?". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
  4. ^ a b "Modern Pentathlon". 'Good Luck Beijing'. 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  5. ^ "Can Lasers Save the Modern Pentathlon?". 2012-08-12.
  6. ^ "Rules for Combined Event Running and Shooting" (PDF). UIPM. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
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