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"Perfect Illusion"
Song

"Perfect Illusion" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga. It was made available for digital consumption on September 9, 2016 through Interscope Records as the lead single from her fifth studio album, Joanne (2016). The recording was written and produced by Gaga, Kevin Parker, Mark Ronson and BloodPop. A disco-rock song, "Perfect Illusion" lyrically delves on the singer's "highest of highs and lowest of lows" in a relationship, and ultimately portrays a commentary on social media.

Music critics met "Perfect Illusion" with mixed to positive reviews, with multiple of them noting similarities to the work of American musician Bruce Springsteen.[1] In order to promote the release of the track, an accompanying music video directed by Ruth Hogben and Andrea Gelardin premiered during the second season of TV series Scream Queens on Fox. Commercially, the recording peaked within the top 20 in over ten territories, including number 15 on United States' Billboard Hot 100. Rolling Stone ranked it number twenty-eight on their Best Songs of 2016 list, stating "Gaga fuses her neo-folkie Lilith-hippie mode with her disco roots in this Mark Ronson-produced dance-floor confession".

Background and development

Following the release of her third studio album, Artpop (2013), Gaga changed management and joined Artist Nation—an artist management division of Live Nation Entertainment—along with her manager Bobby Campbell. She also underwent an image overhaul, showcasing more stress on her vocal prowess and subdued image in the media.[2][3] Among other musical endeavors, Gaga released a collaborative jazz record with American singer Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek in 2014,[4] which won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album.[5] In January 2016, Gaga confirmed that she would be releasing her fifth studio album later that year, with her working on the logistics and aspects—including the looks she would portray for the record.[6][7]

Throughout the majority of 2015 and 2016, Gaga teased the creative and recording processes of the album on her social media accounts. It was also reported that she was seen collaborating with longtime producer RedOne, Giorgio Moroder, Mark Ronson, and Nile Rodgers, among others.[8] Ronson confirmed their collaboration and added that the music recorded with Gaga was "some of [his] favorite music [he has] really ever worked on. It's incredible – [he loves] it. [He] can't wait until you can hear it because the music speaks for itself – it's some of [his] favorite musicians of all time are working on it."[9] The producer additionally hinted the involvement of psychedelic rock band Tame Impala frontman, Kevin Parker, which BBC Music later confirmed to be true.[10] In an interview with fashion website Buro247.com, Ronson claimed:

It's been one of my favourite records to work on and some of the people who have come in to play on it are my favourite musicians, writers and some of her favourites. I think it's just really good music and probably a record for people who might not have realised that her music had something for them — at least based on the small amount of people who've heard it so far. It's definitely pretty deep musically for sure.[11]

Writing and recording

Kevin Parker playing a white electric guitar onstage, decked in purple light.
Mark Ronson looking to the camera.
Kevin Parker (left) and Mark Ronson (right) co-wrote and co-produced "Perfect Illusion" with Gaga and BloodPop.

Gaga co-wrote and co-produced "Perfect Illusion" with Parker and Ronson, with additional production from BloodPop.[12][13] The song began as a demo called "Illusion" which Parker developed and presented to Gaga and Ronson after flying from Australia to the US.[14] Ronson recruited BloodPop at the end of May 2016, after liking an album he was working on at the time for another singer.[15] They met up in Malibu and completed "Perfect Illusion" within the first few days of their recording sessions. According to BloodPop, there was no conversation about what the song should sound like, they "all kind of spoke a similar language".[15] The song's arrangement was done by Ronson who played synths and guitar with Parker. They were joined by Josh Homme on the guitar, while BloodPop developed the rhythm and synthesis, and Parker added drums.[14] Ronson and BloodPop's production were bridged together through Parker's use of Ableton.[15]

At the session, Gaga led the direction of the production based on her preferences and influences, and used a piano and guitar to compose the song. Ronson explained that during their sessions Gaga was deeply involved with the technicalities of the music being recorded. "She loves just sitting at a piano and barking orders at a drummer and she has an incredible voice," he confessed, and then went on to clarify that they would begin with the songs first and then go with the other aspects of the composition.[16] In an interview for Rolling Stone, BloodPop recalled: "She's never not in the room. She's never not writing. She's not at the back of the train; she's at the front, controlling the speed. So when people are like, 'Is it going to sound like this?' or "Is it going to sound like that?,' it's all being tied together by her and her influences."[15]

Gaga wrote the lyrics using her Underwood typewriter.[14] Lyrics were developed several hours into the session, though according to BloodPop, "Every few days, a lyric would change and it'd get better and better."[15] In an interview for BBC Radio 1, Gaga explained that they "would bounce lyrics back and forth", adding: "We stripped everything away. Changed the melody, shifted it. I sat at a piano, Kevin was on guitar, Mark was on the bass."[14][17] Recording took place at various studios across the United States to fit in with each contributor's schedule. In Malibu, they recorded at Shangri-La Studios which BloodPop preferred "just because it's out of LA, which I feel is too many influences pushing down on you. That's away from any kind of city stuff, so it feels like you're on a farm or something." A few days of recording took place at Gaga's home, and her vocals were recorded at Electric Lady Studios in New York City.[15]

Music and lyrical interpretation

According to Mark Savage from BBC Music, "Perfect Illusion" is a disco-rock song, which is composed around a building chord sequence, which he felt leads to a "compelling sense of urgency". The singer's vocals are kept raw and untreated on the song, eschewing autotune.[14] The composition consists of "pulsing verses" and a guitar-and-vocal breakdown before the final chorus, with Gaga singing the main title multiple times. Around the two minute mark, there is a key change for the final chorus.[18] Lewis Corner from Digital Spy gave a breakdown of the song, saying that it alluded to Gaga's previous album eras. He called its core a "simple pop song" which harked back to the singer's initial releases like "Just Dance" and "Poker Face". The mixture of guitar and the "grumbling" synths reminded Corner of Gaga's single "Marry the Night" from her second studio album, Born This Way, along with the "thumping" beat. There were also allusions to the Artpop era, with the verse and the refrain being connected in an unconventional manner.[19] Glamour and Rolling Stone reported that some listeners found similarities between the song and Madonna's "Papa Don't Preach" (1986);[20][21] in response to the comparisons, Ronson told the latter magazine, "Obviously, that was some kind of accident."[21]

During an interview with Rolling Stone, BloodPop stated that "Perfect Illusion" is "a big rock song that makes you want to dance".[17] According to him, during recording sessions they had not discussed about the actual sound of the song, rather make it non-derivative of anything on the radio. BloodPop also detailed the track as containing traditional songwriting and influences of soul not in a literal way, but rather in the soulful aspect of the final composition.[15] "Perfect Illusion" is written in the key of F♯ minor with a tempo of 126 beats per minute. The song, in common time, follows a chord progression of F♯m–E/G♯–Dmaj7–C♯m7, and Gaga's vocals span from F♯3 to D♯5.[22]

Lyrically, "Perfect Illusion" is about the "highest of highs and lowest of lows" in a relationship which has turned sour, hence the song name. Gaga described it during an interview to iHeartMedia as "about modern ecstasy... We found our sweet, simple, ragey way of saying it. I get this sick adrenaline rush every time I hear it".[23] The singer further clarified that the lyrics ultimately was a commentary on social media and the problems one face trying to present a perfect representation of themselves.[14]

Media reports speculated that the lyrics alluded to the singer's breakup from her boyfriend, actor Taylor Kinney, around July 2016.[24] Samantha Schnurr from E! decoded the lyrics saying that the repetition of the phrase "perfect illusion" was about their relationship. She felt that the lyrics spoke about the singer's struggle for attention and finally feeling that her relationship was not what it seemed.[25] Gaga retorted during an interview with SiriusXM that the song was not for Kinney, and was not a "revenge" track. The singer added: "I love Taylor so, so much and this song is not a hit out against [him]... [I]t's a record about all of us. And I would never use my song or want to use the public to hurt anyone that I love so much."[26]

Release and artwork

In May 2016, Idolator reported that Gaga had been in recording studio with Ronson, along with BloodPop and Parker. Ronson later uploaded an image of the group working together on his Instagram account, captioning it as "illusion".[27] Following her appearance at iHeartMedia, Gaga revealed the name of the single by uploading a series of 12 images on her Instagram account, creating a mosaic which spelled out the song's name.[23][28] According to Sasha Atkinson from Bustle, the bright color scheme of the announcement was pop art like Andy Warhol and alluded to Artpop. She added that "[s]een one by one, [the images] just look like brightly colored nonsense, but when you click onto her channel and see them simultaneously, they make up an announcement 'Lady Gaga Perfect Illusion New Single September Perfect Illusion'."[29] Maeve McDermott of USA Today stated that "when viewed individually, [the gridded photos] don't seem like much".[30]

According to WKKF radio station in New York and KIIS 106.5 in Sydney, Australia, the single would be premiered on radio on September 9, 2016.[31] The date was mistakenly revealed through the source code of Gaga's official website, which also listed the url of four snippets of the track.[32] Gaga confirmed the release date through her social media accounts.[33] She also revealed the single's artwork—showing Gaga on the side of a cliff singing into a microphone—along with lyrics of the song, "I don't need eyes to see / I felt you touchin' me / High like amphetamine / Maybe you're just a dream", through a collage of images.[34] Another photo was revealed as a still picture from the music video, showing Gaga sitting on someone's shoulder and swerving her microphone over a crowd.[35][36][37] The artwork was photographed by Ruth Hogben and Andrea Gelardin, according to V magazine.[38] Writing for Paper magazine, Carey O'Donnell called the artwork as "iconic", comparing Gaga to that of Canadian singer-songwriter Alice Glass and complimenting the metal and punk look.[39] Sophie Atkinson from Bustle also complimented the artwork, which she found to be unusually "straightforward for [Gaga].... but not your traditional female solo pop singer beauty shot. Something about the [cover art] feels incredibly personal... This cover feels exciting and fresh simply because it's so different."[40]

A 16 second video snippet was posted on Gaga's Twitter, showing Gaga dancing in a desert with strobe lights flashing around her, and the same chord beats being repeated.[41] Gaga appeared on BBC Radio 1's Breakfast Show on September 9, 2016, along side host Nick Grimshaw and premiered "Perfect Illusion" for the radio.[14][42] The singer described the release as "overwhelming" and like a "rebirth" while adding that she had been "in the studio for months and months and now it's in the world... It feels like the first time. Something about this song, it feels like I'm a new artist." She also sang a few lines of "Perfect Illusion" on the radio.[43]

Critical reception

Upon release, "Perfect Illusion" received mixed to positive reviews from music critics.[14][44] Alice Vincent of The Daily Telegraph gave the song four out of five stars, saying that the song "delights me to write that this is a return to 'Just Dance'-era Gaga: a simple, infectiously catchy slice of floor-filling, stadium-cheering pop". She also complimented the "rich timbre" of Gaga's vocals on the song, and her emoting.[45] For Jess Denham from The Independent, "Perfect Illusion" sounded more rock-oriented than "Just Dance" or "Poker Face"; she also complimented the vocals, compared the verses to those by singer Bruce Springsteen, and added that the track was "as catchy as they come and sure to prove a club banger".[46] Idolator's Robbie Daw described Gaga as a "rock goddess". The "dark and grungy" sound of the track was relegated more towards Born This Way, rather than the songs from Artpop. Daw ended the review saying that it was a departure from Gaga's dance-pop work of her early career.[47] A writer for The New Zealand Herald called it a "storming pop-rock affair, with slightly less of the electro-pop sheen we've come to expect from her earlier work. Think Killers meets Kylie".[48] Lewis Corner from Digital Spy wrote a detailed review of the track, describing its sound and associated imagery as "undressed". He also found echoes of Springsteen in the track, adding that the "disco-rock refrain pretty much blasts you at full volume from the 30-second point onwards, but compared to the star's last few releases, it doesn't feel overly cluttered. It has a decent melody, and a surging, stadium-worthy build-up that echoes Bruce Springsteen."[19] Jake Viswanath from V gave another positive review of the track, calling it a "true return to form":

'Perfect Illusion' feels like a natural evolution of her punk days while just slightly staying true to her melodic pop roots. The soaring dance-rock anthem shows the icon in a new light and allows her musical versatility to shine through. It understandably packs quite the emotional punch while letting her gorgeous voice stay front and center, something the music world was truly missing this past year. Welcome back, Gaga.[38]

Writing for The Verge, Kaitlyn Tiffany compared the song to "Bad Romance" but with an "extra adrenaline shot of a big stadium rock song and some twinkly, vaguely creepy '80s synthesizers".[49] In a positive review, Billboard stated that "with this disco-rock ditty hitting all the right, gritty notes, there’s no denying Mother Monster is back, destined to reign supreme".[50] Rhian Daly from NME praised Gaga's vocals and said "its booming disco influence and sheer force make it a formidable return from one of pop's most exciting stars".[51] Mikael Wood from Los Angeles Times wrote a positive review and defined the song as "a stomping disco-rock jam with a killer robot-Motown groove, buckets of scuzz-punk guitar fuzz and a key change designed to trigger Pavlovian fist-pumps".[52] In a review for The Daily Beast, Kevin Fallon was very impressed with Gaga's key change and praised her vocals saying "Gaga’s voice is explosive and jagged, muddying up that tradition".[53] Hugh McIntyre from Forbes claimed "the track manages to simultaneously take Gaga in a different direction, while still maintaining some of the qualities that have made her so popular".[54] Spencer Kornhaber from The Atlantic called the song "stomping" and said that Gaga was "blubbering like Bruce Springsteen" during the song's verse. He further noted the lack of irony in Gaga's vocals on the song.[55]

However, other critics voiced more negative opinions of the track. Richard S. He of The Guardian commented on Gaga's vocals and said "that there's zero pitch correction on her vocal", but criticized this decision by adding that "Gaga wants you to hear the blue notes, the cracks in her voice. Unfortunately the cracks are all you hear." He went on to say "'Perfect Illusion' sounds more like heaving sobs, flailing about in search of a melody".[18] Spin referred to the single as a "swing and a miss."[56] USA Today likened the track to Gaga's past work and said, "While not perfect, it's buoyant and fun enough, we suppose. Just not groundbreaking." [57] Pitchfork felt that "Perfect Illusion" did not live up to its significant anticipation, criticizing the song's production and Gaga's vocal performance.[58] In ranking Lady Gaga's lead singles from worst to best, Billboard listed "Perfect Illusion" as second-worst, ahead of only "Applause".[59] Rolling Stone ranked it number twenty-eight on their Best Songs of 2016 list, stating "Gaga fuses her neo-folkie Lilith-hippie mode with her disco roots in this Mark Ronson-produced dance-floor confession."[60]

Chart performance

In the United States, "Perfect Illusion" debuted at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her 23rd career Hot 100 entry. It also debuted at number two on the Digital Songs chart with sales of 100,000 downloads, and number 25 on the Streaming Songs chart with 8.3 million first-week US streams. The song accumulated 22 million audience impression in its first week, which was not enough for it to enter the Radio Songs chart.[61] On the other airplay charts of Billboard, "Perfect Illusion" debuted at number 31 on the Mainstream Top 40 and number 32 on the Adult Pop Songs charts, after it was played hourly on iHeartMedia owned radio stations. It became Gaga's 16th entry on the former chart, released dated September 24, 2016.[62]

The song debuted at number 14 in Australia and number 31 in New Zealand.[63][64] "Perfect Illusion" entered the UK Singles Chart at number twelve on the week of September 23, 2016. According to Music Week the song sold a total of 30,830 equivalent units, placing it at number four on the UK Singles Downloads Chart, and number 28 on the Official Audio Streaming Chart.[65] In France, the track debuted at number one on the French Singles Chart with sales of 2,820 copies.[66]

Music video

A music video for the song was directed by Ruth Hogben and Andrea Gelardin, who had also shot the cover artwork.[67] According to Page Six, the music video was filmed in a desert outside Los Angeles over the course of two days. Gaga's longtime collaborator Brandon Maxwell did the fashion style for the production.[68] The world premiere occurred on September 20, 2016, during the season two premiere of Scream Queens on FOX. Gaga also shared a preview of the video, showing her swinging a microphone over her head as an ecstatic crowd cheers on.[67] Upon the music video's release, it was revealed that Mark Ronson, Kevin Parker and Michael Tucker all played cameos.[citation needed]

Live performances and media appearances

"Perfect Illusion" was performed live for the first time at Moth Club in London, on September 10, 2016. Gaga was wearing a crop top tee and silver shorts and only with a microphone, which she twirled above her head while dancing.[69] It was also performed on Gaga's Dive Bar Tour.[70] She performed a piano version of "Perfect Illusion" on Sukkiri in Japan.[71] The song was featured in a trailer for American Horror Story: Roanoke, speaking to the anonymity of the season.[72]

Charts

Chart (2016) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[63] 14
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[73] 21
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[74] 43
Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia)[75] 1
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[76] 17
Canada AC (Billboard)[77] 15
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[78] 22
Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[79] 21
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[80] 7
Euro Digital Songs (Billboard)[81] 4
Finland Download (Latauslista)[82] 1
France (SNEP)[66] 1
Invalid chart entered Germany2 31
Greece Digital Songs (Billboard)[83] 1
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[84] 3
Hungary (Single Top 40)[85] 3
Ireland (IRMA)[86] 22
Italy (FIMI)[87] 5
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[88] 35
Lebanon (Lebanese Top 20)[89] 15
Mexico Ingles Airplay (Billboard)[90] 26
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[91] 58
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[64] 31
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[92] 50
Portugal (AFP)[93] 14
Russia Airplay (Tophit)[94] 175
Scotland (OCC)[95] 3
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[96] 61
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[97] 4
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[98] 1
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[99] 38
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[100] 16
UK Singles (OCC)[101] 12
US Billboard Hot 100[102] 15
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[103] 25
US Adult Pop Airplay (Billboard)[104] 17
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[105] 13
US Pop Airplay (Billboard)[106] 22
Venezuela English (Record Report)[107] 27

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/sales
Italy (FIMI)[108] Gold 25,000‡

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Country Date Format Label Ref.
Worldwide September 9, 2016 Digital download
[109]
Italy Contemporary hit radio Universal [110]
United States September 12, 2016 Hot AC radio Interscope [111]
September 13, 2016 Contemporary hit radio [112]

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