Phaleristics

Medals from the History Museum of the Donetsk police

Phaleristics (from the Greek mythological hero Greek: Φάληρος Phaleros "Phalerus" via the Latin phalera "heroics"; sometimes spelled faleristics) is an auxiliary science of history which studies orders, fraternities, and award items, such as medals and other decorations.

The subject includes orders of chivalry (including military orders), orders of merit, fraternal orders. These may all in turn be official, national, state entities, or civil, religious, or academic-related one. The field of study also comprises comparative honour systems, and thus in a broader sense also history (art history), sociology, and anthropology. In terms of objects, these include award items such as medals and their accessories; ribbon bars, badges, pins, award certificate documentation, etc., and phaleristics may also designate the field of collecting related items.

Although established as a scientific sub-discipline of history, phaleristics usually studies orders and decorations "detached from their bodies".

King George VI of England loved the study of phaleristics, going to the extent of personally overseeing his uniform designs and ribbon placements. He is known to have designed a few British military decorations for the Royal Navy. The Russian phalerist Julius Iversen studied orders and medals in the 19th century.