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Provincetown, Massachusetts

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Provincetown, Massachusetts
Town
Aerial view of Provincetown, Cape Cod
Aerial view of Provincetown, Cape Cod
Official seal of Provincetown, Massachusetts
Seal
Nickname: 
"P-town" or "P'town"
Motto: 
"Birthplace of American Liberty"
Location in Barnstable County in Massachusetts
Location in Barnstable County in Massachusetts
U.S. Census Map
U.S. Census Map
CountryUnited States
StateMassachusetts
CountyBarnstable
Settled1700
Incorporated1727
Government
 • TypeOpen town meeting
 • Town Mgr.Sharon Lynn
 • Selectmen
List of Selectmen
Area
Template:GR
 • Total17.5 sq mi (45 km2)
 • Land9.7 sq mi (25 km2)
 • Water7.8 sq mi (20 km2)
 • Federal land7.0 sq mi (18 km2)
 • Local land2.7 sq mi (7 km2)
Highest elevation
100 ft (30 m)
Lowest elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Population
 (2010)Template:GR[1]
 • Total2,942
 • Estimate 
(2011)
2,994
 • Density303.3/sq mi (117.2/km2)
 • Local density1,114.4/sq mi (430.3/km2)
 "Local Density" excludes Fed. Land; better approximates actual density of the year-round pop.
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (E. Daylight (EDT))
ZIP code
02657
Area code508 Exchange: 487
FIPS code25-55500
GNIS feature ID0618258
Websitehttp://www.provincetown-ma.gov/

Provincetown /ˈprɒvɪnsˌtaʊn/ is a New England town located at the extreme tip of Cape Cod in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, in the United States. A small coastal resort town with a year-round population of just under 3,000, Provincetown's summer population increases as high as 60,000. Sometimes called "P-town" or "P'town",[2] the town is known for its beaches, harbor, artists, tourist industry, and its status as a vacation destination of gay men and lesbians. Provincetown has the highest concentration of same-sex couple households of any zip code in the United States.

History

The area was originally settled by the Nauset tribe, who had a settlement known as Meeshawn.

Bartholomew Gosnold named Cape Cod in Provincetown Harbor in 1602.[3] In 1620, the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact when they arrived at the harbor. They agreed to settle and build a self-governing community, and then came ashore in the West End.[4]

Though the Pilgrims chose to settle across the bay in Plymouth, the outermost portion of Cape Cod enjoyed an early reputation for its valuable fishing grounds, and the harbor was considered the best along the coast.[5] In 1654, the Governor of the Plymouth colony purchased this land from the Chief of the Nausets, for a selling price of 2 brass kettles, six coats, twelve hoes, twelve axes, twelve knives and a box.[6]

The land, which spanned from East Harbor (Pilgrim Lake) – near the present day border between Provincetown and Truro – to Long Point, was kept for the benefit of Plymouth colony, which began leasing fishing rights to roving fishermen. The collected fees were used to defray the costs of schools and other projects throughout the colony. In 1678, the fishing grounds were opened up to allow the inclusion of fishermen from the Massachusetts Bay colony.[7]

In 1692, a new Royal Charter combined the Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies into the Province of Massachusetts Bay. "Cape Cod" was thus officially renamed the "Province Lands".[6]

The first record of a municipal government with jurisdiction over the Province Lands appeared in 1714, with an Act that declared it the "Precinct of Cape Cod", annexed under control of Truro.[8]

On June 14, 1727, after harboring ships for more than a century, the Precinct of Cape Cod was incorporated as a township. The name chosen by its inhabitants was "Herrington", which was rejected by the Massachusetts General Court in favor of "Provincetown".[9] The act of incorporation provided that inhabitants of Provincetown could be land holders, but not land owners. They received a quit claim to their property, but the Province retained the title. The land was to be used as it had been from the beginning of the colony — a place for the making of fish. All resources, including the trees, could be used for that purpose.[6]

The population of Provincetown remained small through most of the 18th century.

Commercial Street in an 1890s postcard
The Pilgrim Monument, designed by Willard T. Sears after the Torre del Mangia in Siena, Italy; built 1907–1910.

Following the American Revolution, however, Provincetown grew rapidly as a fishing and whaling center.[7] The population was bolstered by a number of Portuguese sailors, many of whom were from the Azores,[10] and came to live in Provincetown after being hired to work on US ships. By the 1890s, Provincetown was booming, and began to develop a resident population of writers and artists, as well as a summer tourist industry. After the 1898 Portland Gale severely damaged the town's fishing industry, members of the town's art community took over many of the abandoned buildings. By the early decades of the 20th century, the town had acquired an international reputation for its artistic and literary output. The Provincetown Players was an important experimental theater company formed during this period. It was an example of intellectual and artistic connections to Greenwich Village in New York that began then.

The town includes eight buildings and an historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.

In the mid-1960s, Provincetown saw population growth. The town's rural character appealed to the hippies of the era; furthermore, property was relatively cheap and rents were correspondingly low, especially during the winter. Many of those who came stayed and raised families. Commercial Street, the town's equivalent to "Main Street", gained numerous cafés, leather shops, head shops – various hip small businesses blossomed and many flourished.

By the 1970s Provincetown had a significant gay population, especially during the summer tourist season, when restaurants, bars and small shops serving the tourist trade were open. However, there had been a gay presence in Provincetown as early as the start of the 20th century with the introduction of the artists' colony. Drag queens could be seen performing as early as the 1940s in Provincetown. In 1978 the Provincetown Business Guild (PBG) was formed to promote gay tourism. Today more than 200 businesses belong to the PBG and Provincetown is perhaps the best-known gay summer resort on the East Coast. The 2010 US Census revealed Provincetown to have the highest rate of same-sex couples in the country, at 163.1 per 1000 couples.[11]

Since the 1990s, property prices have risen significantly, causing some residents economic hardship. The recent housing bust (starting in 2005) has so far caused property values in and around town to fall by 10 percent or more in less than a year.[12] This has not slowed down the town's economy, however. Provincetown's tourist season has expanded to the point where the town has created festivals and week-long events throughout the year. The most established are in the summer: the Portuguese Festival and PBG's Carnival Week.

Geography

Provincetown Spit (north is at lower left)

Provincetown is located at the very tip of Cape Cod, encompassing a total area of 17.5 square miles (45 km2) – 55% of that, or 9.7 sq mi (25 km2), is land area, and the remaining 7.8 sq mi (20 km2) water area.Template:GR Surrounded by water in every direction except due east, the town has 21.3 miles (34.3 km) of coastal shoreline.[13] Provincetown is bordered to the east by its only neighbor, the town of Truro, and by Provincetown Harbor to the southeast, Cape Cod Bay to the south and west, Massachusetts Bay to the northwest and north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the northeast.

The town is 45 miles (72 km) north (by road) from Barnstable and Hyannis, and 62 miles (100 km) by road to the Sagamore Bridge, which spans the Cape Cod Canal and connects Cape Cod to the mainland. Provincetown is 45 miles (72 km) east by southeast from Boston by air or sea, and 115 miles (185 km) by road.

About 4,500 acres, or about 73% of the town's land area, is owned by the National Park Service, which operates the Cape Cod National Seashore, leaving about 2.7 sq mi (7.0 km2) of land under the town's jurisdiction.[13] To the north lie the "Province Lands", the area of dunes and small ponds extending from Mount Ararat in the east to Race Point in the west, along the Massachusetts Bay shore. The Cape Cod Bay shoreline extends from Race Point to the far west, to Wood End in the south, eastward to Long Point, which in turn points inward towards the town, and provides a natural barrier for Provincetown Harbor. All three points are marked by lighthouses. The town's population center extends along the harbor, south of the Seashore's lands.

Climate

The water surrounding Provincetown has the effect of moderating temperatures, such that the entire town is included in USDA plant hardiness zone 7a, which indicates an average annual extreme minimum temperature (1976–2005) of between 0 and 5 °F (−17.8 and −15.0 °C).[14] The water also has the effect of delaying the onset of the seasons, by keeping spring temperatures cooler and fall temperatures warmer than the rest of the state.

Climate data for Provincetown, Massachusetts
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 62
(17) 		57
(14) 		79
(26) 		85
(29) 		92
(33) 		98
(37) 		98
(37) 		98
(37) 		91
(33) 		82
(28) 		70
(21) 		62
(17) 		98
(37)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 37
(3) 		37
(3) 		44
(7) 		52
(11) 		62
(17) 		72
(22) 		79
(26) 		77
(25) 		70
(21) 		60
(16) 		51
(11) 		43
(6) 		57
(14)
Daily mean °F (°C) 30
(−1) 		30
(−1) 		37
(3) 		45
(7) 		55
(13) 		64
(18) 		71
(22) 		70
(21) 		63
(17) 		53
(12) 		45
(7) 		36
(2) 		50
(10)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 23
(−5) 		23
(−5) 		29
(−2) 		37
(3) 		48
(9) 		56
(13) 		63
(17) 		62
(17) 		55
(13) 		45
(7) 		38
(3) 		28
(−2) 		42
(6)
Record low °F (°C) −4
(−20) 		1
(−17) 		6
(−14) 		19
(−7) 		25
(−4) 		35
(2) 		43
(6) 		34
(1) 		29
(−2) 		22
(−6) 		11
(−12) 		0
(−18) 		−4
(−20)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.84
(98) 		3.01
(76) 		4.04
(103) 		3.54
(90) 		2.98
(76) 		3.14
(80) 		2.75
(70) 		3.11
(79) 		3.72
(94) 		3.61
(92) 		4.38
(111) 		3.83
(97) 		41.95
(1,066)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0)
Source: The Weather Channel[15]

Transportation

Historic transport

Maps of Provincetown dated 1835 and 1889.
Until the late 1800s, the East Harbor opened into Provincetown Harbor, and there were no roads into Provincetown.[16] East Harbor gave way to the railroad, and later, the automobile.[17]

For nearly all of Provincetown's history, life revolved around the waterfront – especially the waterfront on its southern shore – which offered a naturally-deep basin for easy and safe boat access, plus natural protection from wind and waves. Addition, another of Provincetown's geographic features had a tremendous influence in the way the town developed. That feature was the town's physical isolation from the rest of the world.

The East Harbor , which provided the most protected mooring place in Provincetown, had a 1,000-foot-wide (305 m) inlet from Provincetown Harbor, and effectively blocked off access to Provincetown by land. Until the late 19th century, there was not a single road leading in or out of Provincetown – the only land route connecting Provincetown to points beyond was along a thin stretch of beach along the shore to the north (locally called the "backshore").[16] A wooden bridge was erected over the East Harbor in 1854, only to be destroyed by a winter storm and ice two years later.[18] Although the bridge was replaced the following year, a traveler using it still had to traverse several miles over a sand route, which, along with the backshore route, would occasionally be washed out by storms. This made Provincetown very much like an island, in that it relied almost entirely upon its harbor for its communication, travel, and commerce needs.[19]

That changed in 1868, when the mouth of the East Harbor was diked to enable the laying of track for the arrival of the railroad. The railroad finally arrived, to great fanfare, in 1873;[19] and the wooden bridge and sand road was finally replaced by a formal roadway in 1877.[20][17] The railroad terminated at Railroad Wharf, known today as MacMillan Wharf, and provided an easy means for fishermen to offload their vessels and ship their catch to the cities by rail.

The railroad wasn't the only late arrival to Provincetown. Even roads within the town were slow to arrive:

"There was then no road through the town. With no carts, carriages, wagons, horses or oxen, why a road? ... Here every man had a path from his house to his boat or vessel, and once launched, he was on the broad highway of nations without tax or toll. There were paths to the neighbors, paths to school, paths to church; tortuous paths perhaps, but they were good pilots by night or day, on land or water. Besides, at low water there was a road such as none else could boast, washed completely twice a day from year to year, wide enough and free enough and long enough, if followed, for the armies of the Netherlands."

— Shebnah Rich, Truro—Cape Cod. Or, Land Marks and Sea Marks (1883)[21]
A residential street in Provincetown

The town's internal road layout reflects its historic focus on its working waterfront, and as the town grew, it organically expanded along the harborfront. As the above passage suggests, the main "thoroughfare" was the beach itself, where all commerce and socializing took place. Early deeds do reference a "Town Rode", which was little more than a footpath that ran behind the houses. In 1835, County Commissioners turned that into "Front Street", now known as Commercial Street. "Back Street" ran parallel to Front Street, but set back from the harbor – today it is known as Bradford Street.

"The houses faced the water then; since then some of the houses have been turned around; some of them still have the front door on the shore side. One man, a doctor, who had not lived long in town, proposed that the street be made sixty-four feet wide, but they soon voted down such foolishness as that from foreigners. He tried to compromise on thirty-two feet, but twenty-two feet seemed wide enough for all possible purposes, and twenty-two feet wide it is."

— Nancy W. Paine Smith, The Provincetown Book (1922)[22]

Modern-day transport

Provincetown is the eastern terminus of U.S. Route 6, both in the state and in the nation. Although the terminus is directed east officially, geographically speaking, the road, having curved around Cape Cod, is facing west-southwest at the point, and is marked only by its junction with Route 6A. The state-controlled portion ends with a "State Highway Ends" sign as the road enters the Cape Cod National Seashore, after which the road is under federal maintenance. Route 6A passes through the town as well, mostly following Bradford Street (whereas US 6 originally followed Commercial Street before the bypass was built and Commercial Street was switched to one-way westbound), and ending just south of the Herring Cove Beach.

Provincetown is served by two seasonal ferries to Boston[23][24] and one to Plymouth.[25] They all dock at MacMillan Pier, located just east of the Town Hall in the center of town. The town has no rail service – the town's only railway operated from 1873 until the early 1960s, when it was abandoned by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. A large portion of the "road" later converted into three roads (Harry Kemp Way, Railroad Avenue and Rear Howland) plus the "Old Colony Nature Pathway", a 1.3-mile (2.1 km) pedestrian path and greenway.

The Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority offers flex route buses between MacMillan Pier and Harwich and a shuttle to Truro. Provincetown is also served by Mercedes Cab & Livery taxis and Ptown Pedicabs. Provincetown is at one end of the scenic "Bike Route 1" from Boston called the Claire Saltonstall Bikeway.

The Provincetown Municipal Airport is a located just east of Race Point. This 378 acres (1.53 km2) airport is surrounded by the Cape Cod National Seashore, and is used mostly for General Aviation, but does receive regular scheduled service to Boston, Massachusetts or White Plains, New York (with optional car service to Manhattan) via Cape Air, which also operates code-share flights for JetBlue.[26] The airport is a well-equipped, if small, general-aviation airport with a single 3,500-foot (1,100 m) runway, an ILS approach, and full lighting. The nearest national and international service is from Logan International Airport in Boston.

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18503,157—
18603,2061.6%
18703,86520.6%
18804,34612.4%
18904,6426.8%
19004,247−8.5%
19104,3692.9%
19204,246−2.8%
19303,808−10.3%
19403,668−3.7%
19503,7953.5%
19603,389−10.7%
19702,911−14.1%
19803,53621.5%
19903,5610.7%
20003,431−3.7%
20102,942−14.3%

Demographics

For additional demographic detail from the U.S. census bureau about the densely populated downtown area, see Provincetown (CDP), Massachusetts.

United States census information

According to the U.S. census of 2010,[27] there were 2,942 people residing in the town (Decrease 14.3 % since 2000). The population density was 304.2 inhabitants per square mile (117.5/km2). There were 4,494 housing units (Increase 15.5%) at an average density of 464.7 per square mile (179.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 91.5% White, 4.0% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 1.6% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.8% of the population.

The top reported ancestries were Irish (26.7%, Increase 9.3% from 2010), English (17.4% Increase 2.6%), Portuguese (14.6%, Decrease 8.2%), Italian (13.5% Increase 3.4%), and German (12.5%, Increase 3.6%).[28][29]

Population pyramid 2010
%MalesAgeFemales%
1.4
 
 85+
 
 1.8
0.8
 
 80–84
 
 1.6
1.7
 
 75–79
 
 2.1
1.9
 
 70–74
 
 2.3
3.7
 
 65–69
 
 3.0
5.7
 
 60–64
 
 5.8
6.2
 
 55–59
 
 5.2
7.7
 
 50–54
 
 5.7
7.8
 
 45–49
 
 4.2
5.1
 
 40–44
 
 2.8
3.5
 
 35–39
 
 2.0
2.3
 
 30–34
 
 2.0
1.9
 
 25–29
 
 1.8
1.0
 
 20–24
 
 1.3
1.0
 
 15–19
 
 1.1
1.0
 
 10–14
 
 0.8
1.0
 
 5–9
 
 0.8
0.7
 
 0–4
 
 1.1

There were 1,765 households (Decrease 3.9%), out of which 416 (23.6%) had families, 115 (6.5%) had children under the age of 18 living within them, and 76.4% were non-families. The average household size was 1.64 persons/household, and the average family size was 2.55.

The distribution of the population, broken down by age and gender, is shown in the population pyramid. In 2010, 6.8% of the population was under the age of 18, and the median age was 52.3. There were 1,602 males and 1,340 females.

For 2011, the estimated median income for a year-round household in the town was $46,547, with a mean household income of $74,840. For families, the the median income was $87,228, and the mean is $84,050. For nonfamily households, the median income was $42,375, and the mean, $71,008. Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers was $49,688, versus $36,471 for females. The per capita income for the town was $41,488.[30] About 2.1% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[31]

Provincetown's zip code has the highest concentration of same-sex couple households of any zip code in the United States.[32]

Demographics in a resort town

Data from traditional demographic sources like the U.S. Census, municipal voting rolls and property records may not accurately portray the demography of resort towns. They often reveal unusual results, as in this case, where the number of housing units far exceeds the total population of the town, where that number of housing units rose 15% while the population dropped 14%, and where nearly 54% of the housing stock remains vacant during the winter months, according to the census.

In the decade spanning the years 2000 through 2010, Provincetown's small year-round population declined 14.3% from 3,431 to 2,942, yet during the summer months, population has been estimated from 19,000 to 60,000.[citation needed] Census figures are unable to capture these dynamic population fluctuations that are associated wih seasonal tourism. Part-time residents are not counted in the census. These people may own a second home in the town or pay rent for up to six months each year. Many of them pay property and other taxes, hold jobs in the community and even own businesses.

Government

Provincetown Town Hall

Provincetown is represented in the Massachusetts House of Representatives as a part of the Fourth Barnstable district, which includes (with the exception of Brewster) all the towns east and north of Harwich on the Cape. The seat is held by Democrat Sarah Peake, a former Provincetown selectman. The town is represented in the Massachusetts Senate as a part of the Cape and Islands District, which includes all of Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket except the towns of Bourne, Falmouth, Sandwich and a portion of Barnstable.[33] The Senate seat is held by Democrat Dan Wolf, President of Cape Air. Provincetown is patrolled by its own Police Department[34] as well as the Second (Yarmouth) Barracks of Troop D of the Massachusetts State Police.[35]

On the national level, Provincetown is a part of Massachusetts's 10th congressional district, and is currently represented by Bill Keating. Following the death of Ted Kennedy, the state's senior (Class I) member of the United States Senate is John Kerry (re-elected in 2008); the junior (Class II) senate seat is held by Scott Brown, the victor in the special election in 2010. Elizabeth Warren, a Democrat, defeated Scott Brown in the November 2012 election, and will be sworn in as Senator in January of 2013. Provincetown is governed by the open town meeting form of government, and is led by a town manager and a board of selectmen. The town has its own police and fire departments, both of which are stationed on Shankpainter Road. The town's post office is located along Commercial Street, near the town's Fourth Wharf. The town's Provincetown Public Library is a member of the Cape Libraries Automated Materials Sharing library network and is also located along Commercial Street, in the former Center Methodist Episcopal Church building since 2005.

Education

Provincetown operates its own schools for the approximately 200 school-aged children in town. The Veterans Memorial Elementary School serves students from pre-kindergarten through sixth grades, and the Provincetown High School (PHS) serves students from seventh through twelfth grades (and also accepts students from Truro). Provincetown High School is recognized as one of the smallest high schools in the country with a student population of 32 students in grades 10-12. PHS's sports teams are known as the Fishermen, and the school colors are black and orange. There are no private schools in Provincetown; students may attend Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Harwich or Nauset Regional High School in North Eastham free of charge.

In 2009, the school board elected to shut down Provincetown High School at the end of the 2012–2013 school year, and merge with nearby Nauset Regional High School in North Eastham, beginning with the 2013–2014 academic year.

In June 2010, the Provincetown school board decided to make condoms available to students if they requested them from a school nurse or school counselor. Because the board did not specify a lower age limit, this resulted in extensive media coverage with exaggerated claims that the school was "passing out condoms" to children as young as five.[36][37] School Superintendent Beth Singer clarified the decision, stating that "If an early elementary school pupil asks for a condom, the nurse would ask the pupil a series of questions and almost certainly deny them."[38]

Culture

The Fine Arts Work Center is a nonprofit educational enterprise, located in Provincetown since 1968. Its stated mission is to encourage the growth and development of emerging visual artists and writers through residency programs, to propagate aesthetic values and experience, and to restore the year-round vitality of the historic art colony of Provincetown.

In 2003, Provincetown received a $1.95 million low interest loan from the Rural Development program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to help rebuild the town's MacMillan Pier. It primarily serves tourists and high-speed ferries that charge their passengers up to $45 per one-way trip. Between 2004 and 2007, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum (PAAM) received four Rural Development grants and loans totaling $3 million to increase the museum's space, add climate-controlled facilities, renovate a historic sea captain's house (the Hargood House) and cover cost overruns.[39] As the mission of the Rural Development program is "To increase economic opportunity and improve the quality of life for all rural Americans",[40] the USDA considered Provincetown's residents in the 2000s to still be rural and to still require such federal assistance.

The Atlantic House in Provincetown is a contender for the oldest gay bar in the US and Frommer's calls it "the nation's premier gay bar".[41][42][43][44]

The Art House provides a venue for numerous entertainers and shows during the summer season, in particular Varla Jean Merman, Miss Richfield 1981, Ms. CoCo Peru, and other town favorites. In off season, the Art House remains open providing nightly entertainment that includes a Wii Bowling League, Trivia Night, and similar events.

Other notable festivals during the year include the Christmas-themed "Holly Folly", "Bear Week", "Mate's Leather Weekend", "Women's Week", "Family Week", "Men's Weekend", "Provincetown International Film Festival", "Provincetown Rocks: The Festival!", "Provincetown Jazz Festival" and the "Provincetown Tennessee Williams Theater Festival". In October, Provincetown sees the arrival of transvestite, transgender and transsexual people for the annual Fantasia Fair. Started in 1975, it is the longest running event of its kind in the USA.

The Provincetown International Film Festival, held each June, honors the best in independent and avante garde film. Among the honorees for 2012 were actress Parker Posey and director Roger Corman. Previous honorees include Vera Farmiga, Darren Aronofsky, Quentin Tarantino, Jane Lynch, Gael García Bernal, Tilda Swinton, Kathleen Turner, Jim Jarmusch, Todd Haynes, Gus Van Sant, and John Waters. Waters, a summer resident, is a major participant in the festival.

In November, 2011, the Provincetown Theater Company became the first theater company in New England to stage a live-action dramatic theatrical presentation of horror-fantasy author H.P. Lovecraft. The story was Lovecraft's 1919 classic, "The Picture in the House," and was described as "...the macabre come to life." The adaptation was produced for the 22nd Fall Playwright's Festival.[45]

In popular culture

Norman Mailer's novel Tough Guys Don't Dance and Annie Dillard's novel The Maytrees are primarily based in Provincetown. Jon Loomis's Frank Coffin mystery series is also set in Provincetown. The town is mentioned, along with various other Cape Cod locations, in the Vampire Weekend song "Walcott," included on their 2008 debut album Vampire Weekend.

Notable residents

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "2007-2011 American Community Survey". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  2. ^ Bragg, Mary Ann. "Raw sewage soils P'town police headquarters". Retrieved 2009-04-30.
  3. ^ Archer, Gabriel (1912). Ed. Frances Healey (ed.). Great Epochs in American History: the Relation of Captain Gosnold's Voyage. Funk & Wagnalls Co. p. 38.
  4. ^ Rich, Shebnah (1883). Truro-Cape Cod or Land Marks and Sea Marks. Boston: D. Lothrop & Co. p. 53. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  5. ^ Hopkins, James H. (1890). Deyo, Simeon L. (ed.). History of Barnstable County. New York: H. W. Blake & Co. p. 950. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  6. ^ a b c "Historical Timeline of Provincetown, Massachusetts" (PDF). Town of Provincetown. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  7. ^ a b Hopkins 1890, p. 961.
  8. ^ Hopkins 1890, p. 963.
  9. ^ Hopkins 1890, p. 965.
  10. ^ Karen Christel Krahulik, Provincetown: From Pilgrim Landing to Gay Resort, NYU Press, 2007, p. 51.
  11. ^ Same-Sex Couples Since 1990, New York Times, August 24, 2011
  12. ^ David Colman (September 4, 2005). "Rich Gay, Poor Gay". New York Times. Retrieved May 22, 2010. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |work= and |journal= specified (help)
  13. ^ a b Horsley Witten Group (April 19,2007). "Town of Provincetown Open Space and Recreation Plan". Town of Provincetown Open Space Committee & Recreation Commission. p. 18. Retrieved 20 December 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map - Massachusetts". USDA. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
  15. ^ "Climate Statistics for Provincetown, Massachusetts". Retrieved May 7, 2012.
  16. ^ a b A map of the extremity Of Cape Cod including the Townships of Provincetown & Truro: with a chart of their sea coast and of Cape Cod Harbour, State of Massachusetts (Map). 1 : 10,560. Cartography by U.S. Topographical Engineers, under direction of Maj. J.D. Graham; Reduced from orig. by Washington Hood. Bureau of U.S. Topographical Engineers. 1836. Retrieved 2 June 2012.
  17. ^ a b Massachusetts: Provincetown Sheet (PDF) (Map). 1 : 62,500. Cartography by Henry Gannett (Chief Geographer) and Marcus Baker (Geographer-in-Charge). United States Geological Survey. 1889 [Surveyed 1887]. Retrieved 23 May 2012. {{cite map}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  18. ^ Jennings (1890), p. 197.
  19. ^ a b Theriault, Wor. James J. "The Railroad Comes To Provincetown". King Hirams's Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  20. ^ Jennings, Herman A. (1890). Provincetown or Odds and Ends From the Tip End. Peaked Hill Press. p. 197. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  21. ^ Rich (1883), p. 457.
  22. ^ Paine-Smith, Nancy W. (1922). The Provincetown Book. Brockton, MA: Tolman Print, Inc. p. 43. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  23. ^ "Provincetown Ferry - Fast & Luxurious". Boston Harbor Cruises. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  24. ^ Boston-Provincetown ferry Retrieved on Aug 2, 2010
  25. ^ Plymouth-Provincetown ferry Retrieved on April 5, 2007
  26. ^ "Where we fly - New England". Cape Air. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  27. ^ "2010 United States Census". 2010 U.S. Census. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  28. ^ "People Reporting Ancestry, 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  29. ^ "Profile of Selected Social Characteristics: 2000". Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  30. ^ "SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS". 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  31. ^ "POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS". 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. U.S.Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  32. ^ Facts and Findings from The Gay and Lesbian Atlas, Urban Institute, March 30, 2004
  33. ^ Index of Legislative Representation by City and Town, from Mass.gov
  34. ^ "Town of Provincetown - Official Website - Police". Town of Provincetown. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  35. ^ Station D-2, SP Yarmouth
  36. ^ Nicas, Jack (June 25, 2010). "P-town to rethink condom policy". The Boston Globe.
  37. ^ Provincetown Policy Outlines Condoms For Schoolchildren
  38. ^ [1] – wbur.org
  39. ^ Gaul, Gilbert M. and Cohen, Sarah (April 6, 2007). "Rural Aid Goes to Urban Areas: USDA Development Program Helps Suburbs, Resort Cities". Washington Post. Retrieved May 22, 2010. {{cite journal}}: More than one of |work= and |journal= specified (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ USDA Rural Development: mission statement Retrieved on April 5, 2007
  41. ^ The History of Atlantic House
  42. ^ Café Lafitte in Exile in New Orleans, Louisiana purports to be the oldest gay bar in the country but an investigation of that establishment's website and a few other sources failed to reveal the dates or specifics upon which that claim is based.
  43. ^ Frommer's review of The Atlantic House.
  44. ^ Mallory Curley, A Cookie Mueller Encyclopedia (Randy Press, 2010), p. 23.
  45. ^ Shabott, Laura (7 November 2011). "The 22nd Playwright Festival". Provincetown.com. Retrieved 1 May 2012.

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