Smyrnium olusatrum
| Smyrnium olusatrum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Genus: | Smyrnium |
| Species: | S. olusatrum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Smyrnium olusatrum | |
Smyrnium olusatrum, common name Alexanders,[1] is an edible cultivated flowering plant, belonging to the family Apiaceae (or Umbelliferae).[2] It is also known as alisanders, horse parsley, and smyrnium. It was known to Theophrastus (9.1) and Pliny the Elder (N.H. 19.48).[3]
Description
These stout plants grow to 150 centimetres (59 in) high, with a solid stem which becomes hollow and grooved[4] with age. The leaves are bluntly toothed, the segments ternately divided the segments flat, not fleshy.[5] Alexanders are a wild plant in Britain and other parts of Europe and are commonly found among the sites of medieval monastery gardens.[2]
Alexanders is native to the Mediterranean but is able to thrive farther north.[2] The flowers are yellow-green in colour and arranged in umbels,[4] and its fruits are black. It flowers from April to June.[4] Alexanders is intermediate in flavor between celery and parsley.[2] It was once used in many dishes, either blanched,[6] or not, but it has now been replaced by celery.
They were used in medieval cuisine in place of a bitter type of celery. One 17th century text describes young shoots used in salads or a "vernal pottage" and an early 18th century recipe recorded by Caleb Threlkeld for Irish Lenten Potage includes alexanders, watercress and nettles. Alexanders fell out of favor after being replaced by celery in the 18th century and are not commonly used as a food product in the modern era.[2]
Look out for this tall plant on cliff paths, the first seaside greenery of the year. The Romans brought it with them to eat the leaves, the stems, the roots, and the buds.[7]
Alexanders is a feed source much appreciated by horses.[8][citation needed]
Habitat
Widely dispersed in England and Ireland. Common in waste ground and edges of fields especially near the shore.[9][10]
Distribution
Ireland: Counties Down, Antrim and Londonderry and throughout most of Ireland.[9][11]
Uses
It is used as traditional medicine in China.[12]
References
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Smyrnium olusatrum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Davidson, Alan, and Tom Jaine. The Oxford companion to food. Oxford University Press, USA, 2006. 805. Print.
- ^ Pliny (1856). "Book XX. Anise—sixty-one remedies". The Natural History of Pliny. Vol. 4. translators John Bostock, Henry Riley. London: Henry Bohn. pp. 271–274. OCLC 504358830.
- ^ a b c Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. p.425 Cork University Press ISBN 978-185918-4783.
- ^ Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996. An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press Ltd. Daldalk. ISBN 0-85221-131-7.
- ^ MM. Vilmorin-Andrieux; W.Robinson. 1885/undated. The vegetable garden: Illustrations, descriptions, and culture of the garden vegetables of cold and temperate climates, English Edition. Jeavons-Leler Press and Ten Speed Press. 1920 edition in Internet Archive
- ^ Ginn, Peter and Goodman, Ruth 2013. Tudor Monastery Farm. Random House (BBC Digital). ISBN 9781448141722.
- ^ Ed, Mr. (1975). Yummy!. p. 1.
- ^ a b Hackney, P.(Ed) 1992 Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies The Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN 0-85389-446-9.
- ^ Clapham, A.R., Turin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4.
- ^ Scannell, M.P. and Synnott, D.M. 1972. Census Catalogue of the Flora of Ireland. Dublin Stationery Office.
- ^ Jiaju Zhou; Guirong Xie; Xinjian Yan (2011). Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Vol. 2. Springer. p. 101. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16744-7. ISBN 978-3-642-16744-7. LCCN 2011922128.
