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List of monarchs of Sindh

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Maharaja/Sultan of Sindh (Sind)
Details
StyleMaharaja
Sultan
Raja
Wali
Amir
Sardar
Jam
Shah
Mirza
Subahdar
Nawab
Rais
Mir
First monarchRanaditya Satya 489–524
Last monarchMir Nasir Khan Talpur 1840–1843 (as Mir of Hyderabad)
Formation489 AD
Abolition24 March 1843
ResidenceKot Diji Fort
Ranikot Fort
Naukot Fort
Sehwan Fort
Qasim Fort
Pacco Qillo
Umarkot Fort
Sibi Fort
Kalan Kot Fort
Kacha Qila
AppointerHereditary
Pretender(s)George Ali Murad Khan

This is a list of the monarchs of Sindh (Sindhi: سنڌ جا بادشاهن, romanized: Sind Jā Badshāhan), from the establishment of the Rai dynasty around 489 AD until the conquest of Sindh from the Talpur dynasty by the East India Company in 1843.

Rai dynasty (480–632 AD)

[edit]

Known rulers of the Rai dynasty are:

Name Reign Notes
Ranaditya Satya 480 AD – Unknown   Gained independence from Sassanian Empire
Rai Diwaji Unknown
Rai Sahiras II Unknown
Rai Sahasi II Unknown – 632 AD

Brahmin dynasty (632–712 AD)

[edit]

The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are:[1]

Name Reign Notes
Chach r.c. 632 – 671
Chandar r.c. 671 – 679
Dāhir r.c. 679 – 712 Ruled from Alor

Vilayet As-Sindh (Umayyad Caliphate) (712–750 AD)

[edit]

In 712, Sind was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate. The emirs appointed by the caliphate are as below;

Name Years Notes
Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Thaqafi 711–715 Conquered Sind. Appointed by the governor of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi[2]
Habib ibn al-Muhallab al-Azdi 715–717 Appointed either by the caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik or by Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman[3]
Abd al-Malik ibn Misma from 717 Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by the governor of Basra, Adi ibn Artah al-Fazari[4]
Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahili to 720 Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by Adi ibn Artah[5]
Ubaydallah ibn Ali al-Sulami from 721 Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by the governor of Iraq, Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari[6]
Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri to 726 Appointed by Umar ibn Hubayra[7]
Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi from 726 Appointed by the governor of Iraq, Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri[8]
Al-Hakam ibn Awana to 740 Appointed by Khalid ibn Abdallah[9]
Amr ibn Muhammad al-Thaqafi 740–744 Son of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. Appointed by the governor of Iraq, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi[10]
Yazid ibn Irar al-Kalbi(?) 740s Name and details of governorship given variously in the sources. See especially this note[11]
Mughallis al-Abdi 751(?) Appointed either by the caliph al-Saffah or by the governor of Khurasan, Abu Muslim[12]
Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi 747–750 Initially took Sind as an anti-Umayyad rebel, then confirmed as governor by the Abbasids[13]

Vilayet As-Sindh (Abbasid Caliphate)(750–861 AD)

[edit]
Name Years Notes
Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi 750–751
Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi 752–754 Appointed either by al-Saffah or by Abu Muslim[14]
'Uyaynah ibn Musa al-Tamimi 754–760 Son of Musa ibn Ka'b, who appointed him[15]
Umar ibn Hafs Hazarmard 760–768 Member of the Muhallabid family. Appointed by the caliph al-Mansur[16]
Hisham ibn Amr al-Taghlibi 768–774 Appointed by al-Mansur[17]
Bistam ibn Amr al-Taghlibi 774(?) Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Brother of Hisham ibn Amr, who appointed him[18]
Ma'bad ibn al-Khalil al-Tamimi 774-775/6 Variant name given by Ibn Khayyat. Appointed by al-Mansur[19]
Muhammad ibn Ma'bad al-Tamimi 775(?) Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Son of Ma'bad ibn al-Khalil, who he succeeded as governor[20]
Rawh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi 776–778 Member of the Muhallabid family. Appointed by the caliph al-Mahdi[21]
Nasr ibn Muhammad al-Khuza'i 778–781 Appointed by al-Mahdi[22]
Al-Zubayr ibn al-'Abbas 781(?) Not listed by Ibn Khayyat. Never went to Sind. Appointed by al-Mahdi[23]
Sufyah ibn Amr al-Taghlibi(?) 781–782 Name given variously in the sources. Brother of Hisham ibn Amr. Appointed by al-Mahdi[24]
Layth ibn Tarif 782–785 Appointed by al-Mahdi[25]
Muhammad ibn Layth 785–786 Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Son of Layth ibn Tarif. Appointed during the caliphate of al-Hadi[26]
Layth ibn Tarif from 786 Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Re-appointed, this time by the caliph al-Rashid[27]
Salim al-Yunusi/Burnusi 780s Salim's nisbah is given variously in the sources. Appointed by al-Rashid[28]
Ibrahim ibn Salim al-Yunusi/Burnusi 780s Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Son of Salim, who he succeeded as governor[29]
Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Hashimi from 790 First cousin twice removed of al-Rashid, who appointed him[30]
Muhammad ibn Tayfur al-Himyari(?) 790s Name given variously in the sources. Appointed by al-Rashid[31]
Kathir ibn Salm al-Bahili 790s Grandson of Qutayba ibn Muslim. Deputy governor for his brother Sa'id ibn Salm[32]
Muhammad ibn Adi al-Taghlibi 790s Nephew of Hisham ibn Amr. Appointed by the governor of Basra, 'Isa ibn Ja'far al-Hashimi[33]
Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman 790s Appointed either by al-Rashid or by Muhammad ibn Adi[34]
Abdallah ibn Ala al-Dabbi 790s Not listed by al-Ya'qubi. Appointed by Abd al-Rahman ibn Sulayman[29]
Ayyub ibn Ja'far al-Hashimi to 800 Second cousin once removed of al-Rashid, who appointed him[34]
Dawud ibn Yazid al-Muhallabi 800–820 Last governor listed by Ibn Khayyat. Member of the Muhallabid family. Appointed by al-Rashid[35]
Bishr ibn Dawud al-Muhallabi 820–826 Son of Dawud ibn Yazid, who he succeeded as governor. Confirmed in office by the caliph al-Ma'mun[36]
Hajib ibn Salih 826 Appointed by al-Ma'mun[37]
Ghassan ibn Abbad 828–831 Appointed by al-Ma'mun[38]
Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki 831–836 Member of the Barmakid family. Appointed by Ghassan ibn Abbad[39]
Imran ibn Musa al-Barmaki from 836 Son of Musa ibn Yahya, who he succeeded as governor[40]
Anbasah ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi 840s Deputy governor for Itakh al-Turki[41]
Harun ibn Abi Khalid al-Marwrudhi to 854 Appointed by the caliph al-Mutawakkil[42]
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Habbari 854–861
Appointed by the caliph al-Mutawakkil

Habbari dynasty (861–1010 AD)

[edit]

The Habbari rulers stylised themselves as Emirs. Note: the dates below are only approximate.[43]

Title Name Reign
Amir
امیر
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al Habbari
عمر بن عبدالعزيز الحباري
861–884 AD
Amir
امیر
Abdullah ibn Umar al Habbari
عبدالله بن عمر الحباري
884–913 AD
Amir
امیر
Umar ibn Abdullah al Habbari
عمر بن عبدالله الحباري
913–943 AD
Amir
امیر
Muhammad ibn Abdullah al Habbari
محمد بن عبدالله الحباري
943–973 AD
Amir
امیر
Ali ibn Umar al Habbari
علي بن عمر الحباري
973–987 AD
Amir
امیر
Isa bin Ali al Habbari
عيسيٰ بن علي الحباري
987–987 AD
Amir
امیر
Manbi ibn Ali al Habbari
منبي ابن علي الحباري
987–1010 AD
the Emirs of Sindh were nominally allegiant to the Abbasid Caliphs throughout their rule.

Soomra dynasty (1010–1351 AD)

[edit]

The list of Soomra rulers is as follows;

Title Personal Name Reign
Sardar
سردار
Khafif I bin Rao Soomar
خفيف اول بن رائو سومر
1010–1026
Sardar
سردار
Soomar bin Rao Soomar
سومر بن رائو سومر
1026–1053
Sardar
سردار
Bhungar I bin Khafif I Soomro
ڀونگر اول بن خفيف اول
1053–1068
Sardar
سردار
Dodo I bin Bhungar I Soomro
دودو اول بن ڀونگر اول سومرو
1068–1092
Sardarni
سردارني
Zainab Tari binte Dodo I Soomro
زينب تاري بنت دودو اول سومرو
1092–1098
Sardar
سردار
Sanghar bin Dodo I Soomro
سانگهڙ بن دودو اول سومرو
1098–1107
Sardarni
سردارني
Hamun Soomro
همون سومرو
1107–1107
Sardar
سردار
Khafif II bin Soomar bin Dodo I Soomro
خفيف دوم بن سومر بن دودو اول سومرو
1107–1142
Sardar
سردار
Umar I bin Soomar bin Dodo I Soomro
عمر اول بن سومر بن دودو اول سومرو
1142–1181
Sardar
سردار
Dodo II bin Khafif II Soomro
دودو دوم بن خفيف دوم سومرو
1181–1195
Sardar
سردار
Bhungar II bin Chanesar bin Hamir bin Dodo I Soomro
ڀونگر دوم بن چنيسر بن حمير بن دودو اول سومرو
1195–1222
Sardar
سردار
Chanesar I bin Bhungar II Soomro
چنيسر اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو
1222–1228 (1st reign)
Sardar
سردار
Ganhwar I bin Bhungar II Soomro
گنهور اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو
1228–1236 (1st reign)
Sardar
سردار
Chanesar I bin Bhungar II Soomro
چنيسر اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو
1236–1237 (2nd reign)
Sardar
سردار
Ganhwar I bin Bhungar II Soomro
گنهور اول بن ڀونگر دوم سومرو
1237–1241 (2nd reign)
Sardar
سردار
Muhammad Tur bin Ganhwar I Soomro
محمد طور بن گنهور اول سومرو
1241–1256
Sardar
سردار
Ganhwar II bin Muhammad Tur Soomro
گنهور دوم بن محمد طور سومرو
1256–1259
Sardar
سردار
Dodo III bin Ganhwar II Soomro
دودو تہائی بن گنهور دوم سومرو
1259–1273
Sardar
سردار
Tai bin Dodo III Soomro
طائي بن دودو تہائی سومرو
1273–1283
Sardar
سردار
Chanesar II bin Dodo III Soomro
چنيسر دوم بن دودو تہائی سومرو
1283–1300
Sardar
سردار
Bhungar III bin Chanesar II Soomro
ڀونگر تہائی بن چنيسر دوم سومرو
1300–1315
Sardar
سردار
Khafif III bin Chanesar II Soomro
خفيف تہائی بن چنيسر دوم سومرو
1315–1333
Sardar
سردار
Dodo IV bin Chanesar II Soomro
دودو چہارم بن چنيسر دوم سومرو
1333–1336
Sardar
سردار
Umar II bin Dodo IV Soomro
عمر دوم چہارم بن دودو سومرو
1336–??
Sardar
سردار
Bhungar IV bin Dodo IV Soomro
ڀونگر چہارم بن دودو چہارم سومرو
??–??
Sardar
سردار
Hamir bin Dodo IV Soomro
حمير بن دودو سومرو
??–1351
the last three Sardars (signified by green rows) ruled only the Lower Sindh while the Upper Sindh was ruled by Sammas

[44]

Samma dynasty (1336–1524 AD)

[edit]

The Samma dynasty which was a Muslim dynasty of Sindh who succeeded Soomras took the title Jam, the equivalent of Sultan. The main sources of information on the Samma dynasty are Nizammud-din, Abu-'l-Fazl, Firishta and Mir Ma'sum, all lacking in detail, and with conflicting information. A plausible reconstruction of the chronology[45] is given in the History of Delhi Sultanate by M.H. Syed:[46]

Jam Titular name Reign Descent
From Until
Juno Jam Junan Ibn Bambhina 1336 1340 Founder of Dynasty
Unar Jam Feroz Shah Unar 1340 1352 Brother of Junan
Banhabina Jam Babinoh Sadr al-Din 1352 1367 Son of 'Junan
Tamachi Jam Khair al-Din Tamachi 1367 1379 Son of 'Unar
Salahuddin Jam Salah-ad-Din 1379 1389 Son of Jam Tamachi
Nizamuddin Jam Nizam al-Din I 1389 1391 Son of Jam Salahuddin
Ali Sher Jam Ali Sher 1391 1398 Son of Jam Tamachi
Karn Karan 1398 1398
Fath Khan Jam Fateh Khan bin Sikandar 1398 1415 Nephew of Karan
Tughlaq Jam Tughlaq bin Sikandar 1415 1442 Brother of Fath Khan
Mubarak 1442 1442 (usurper)
Sikandar 1442 1444 Son of Jam Tughlaq
Raidhan 1444 1453
Sanjar Jam Sanjar Sadr al-Din 1453 1461
Nizamuddin II Jam Nizam al-Din II 1461 1508
Ferozuddin Jam Nasir al-Din Firuz Shah 1508 1524 Son of Jam Nizamuddin II

Arghun dynasty (1520–1554 AD)

[edit]
Title Personal Name Reign
Shah
شاه
Shuja Beg Arghun
شجاع بيگ ارغون
1520–1524 AD
Shah
شاه
Husayn Beg Arghun
حسين بيگ ارغون
1524–1554 AD

Tarkhan dynasty (1554–1593 AD)

[edit]
Title Personal Name Reign
After civil war in Sindh between the King Shah Husayn Arghun and his nobles under Mirza Muhammad 'Isa Tarkhan the Tarkhan dynasty was victorious and began to rule over Sindh.
Mirza
میرزا
Muhammad 'Isa Tarkhan
محمد عیسیٰ ترخان
1554–1567 AD
Mirza
میرزا
Muhammad Baqi Tarkhan
محمد بقی ترخان
1567–1585 AD
Mirza
میرزا
Jani Beg Tarkhan
جانی بیگ ترخان
1585–1593 AD

Thatta Subah (Mughal Empire) (1593–1737 AD)

[edit]
Title Personal Name Reign Serving Monarch Notes
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Rao Patar Das Khattari
راؤ پتر داس کھٹاری
1593–1594 Akbar
اکبر
Removed due to unpopularity among locals.
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mirza Jani Beg Tarkhan
میرزا جانی بیگ ترخان
1594–1601 Akbar
اکبر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mirza Ghazi Beg Tarkhan
میرزا غازی بیگ ترخان
1601–1612 Akbar
اکبر
Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Muzaffer Khan Mir Abd al-Razzaq Mamuri
مظفرخان میرعبدالرزاق ماموری
1612–1614 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mirza Rustam Safavi
میرزا رستم صفوی
1614–1615 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Taj Khan Tash Beg Qurchi
تاج خان تاش بیگ قرچی
1614–1615 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Hamsher Khan Arsalan Beg Uzbek
همشیرخان ارسلان بیگ ازبک
1615–1617 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Khan-i-Dauran Shah Beg Khan Arghun
خان دوران شاه بیگ خان ارغون
1617–1617 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Muzaffer Khan Mir Abd al-Razzaq Mamuri
مظفرخان میرعبدالرزاق ماموری
1617–1618 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Khan-i-Dauran Shah Beg Arghun
خان دوران شاه بیگ خان ارغون
1618–1619 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mustafa Khan Sayyid Bayazid Bukhari
مصطفی خان سید بایزید بخاری
1619–1623 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Scion of the Uch's Bukhari clan, he first served as the Faujdar of Bukkur. He was granted 2,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry as well. Also written as Syed Bazayd Bukhari.
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Salaf-ud-Din Muhammad Shahryar
سلف الدین محمد شہریار
1623–1626 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Abu Saeed
ابو سعید
1626–1627 Jahangir
جہانگیر
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Muhammad Isa Khan Tarkhan II
محمد عیسیٰ خان ترخان دوم
1627–1628 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Sher Khwaja Baqi Khan
شیر خواجہ باقی خان
1628–1628 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mir Hussain al-Din Murtaza Khan Anju
میر حسین الدین مرتضیٰ خان انجو
1628–1629 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Amir Khan Mir Abul Baqi
امیر خان میر ابوالباقی
1629–1631 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Yusuf Muhammad Khan Tashqandi
یوسف محمد خان تاشقندی
1631–1635 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Khawas Khan Daulat Khan Mayi
خواص خان دولت خان مائی
1635–1640 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Khwaja Tamar Ghayrat Khan
خواجہ تمر غیرت خان
1640–1641 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Shad Khan
شاد خان
1641–1643 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Amir Khan Mir Abul Baqi
امیر خان میر ابوالباقی
1643–1647 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mughal Khan
مغل خان
1647–1649 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Muhi al-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب 1649–1653 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Sardar Khan Shahjahani
سردار خان شاہجہانی
1653–1653 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Zafar Khan Khwaja Ahsanullah ظفر خان خواجہ احسن اللہ 1653–1655 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mirza Sipihr Shikoh مرزا سپہر شکوہ 1655–1658 Shah Jahan
شاہ جہاں
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Qabad Khan Mir Akhur قباد خان میر اخور 1658–1660 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Yadgar Beg Lashkar Khan یادگار بیگ لشکر خان 1660–1662 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani عزت خان سید عبدالرزاق گیلانی 1662–1664 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Ghazanfar Khan
غضنفر خان
1664–1666 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani عزت خان سید عبدالرزاق گیلانی 1666–1669 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Abu Nusrat Khan ابو نصرت خان 1669–1671 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Saadat Khan
سعادت خان
1671–1673 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Izzat Khan Sayyid Abd al-Razzak Gilani عزت خان سید عبدالرزاق گیلانی 1673–1679 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Khana Zaad Khan
خانہ زاد خان
1679–1683 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Sardar Khan
سردار خان
1683–1687 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Murid Khan
مرید خان
1687–1689 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Zabardast Khan
زبردست خان
1689–1689 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Abu Nusrat Khan ابو نصرت خان 1689–1691 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Hifzullah Khan
حفظ اللہ خان
1691–1701 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Saeed Khan
سعید خان
1701–1702 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mir Amin al-Din Khan Husayn
میر امین الدین خان حسین
1702–1703 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Yusuf Khan Tirmizi
یوسف خان ترمذی
1703–1704 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Ahmad Yar Khan
احمد یار خان
1704–1707 Aurangzeb
اورنگزیب
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Saeed Atr Khan Bahadur
سعید عطر خان بہادر
1707–1709 Azam Shah
اعظم شاہ
Bahadur Shah I
بہادر شاہ اول
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mahin Khan
ماہین خان
1709–1711 Bahadur Shah I
بہادر شاہ اول
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Shakir Khan
شاکر خان
1711–1712 Bahadur Shah I
بہادر شاہ اول
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mahin Khan
ماہین خان
1712–1712 Jahandar Shah
جہاندر شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Khwaja Muhammad Khalil Khan
خواجہ محمد خلیل خان
1712–1713 Jahandar Shah
جہاندر شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Saeed Atr Khan Bahadur
سعید عطر خان بہادر
1713–1714 Farrukhsiyar
فرخ سیار
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Yaqub Kashmiri
یعقوب کشمیری
1714–1714 Farrukhsiyar
فرخ سیار
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mir Muhammad Shujaat Khan Shafi میر محمد شجاعت خان شفیع 1714–1715 Farrukhsiyar
فرخ سیار
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mir Lutf Ali Khan
میر لطف علی خان
1715–1719 Farrukhsiyar
فرخ سیار
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Azam Khan
اعظم خان
1719–1719 Rafi ud-Darajat
رفیع الدراجات
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Mahabat Khan
محبت خان
1719–1722 Shah Jahan II
شاہ جہاں دوم
Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Sultan Mahmud Khan
سلطان محمود خان
1722–1724 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Saifullah Khan
سیف اللہ خان
1724–1730 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Sadiq Ali Khan
صادق علی خان
1730–1730 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Dilerdil Khan
دلیردل خان
1730–1732 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Himmet Dilerdil Khan
ہمت دلیردل خان
1732–1736 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
Subahdar
صوبہدار
Sadiq Ali Khan
صادق علی خان
1736–1737 Muhammad Shah
محمد شاہ
Deposed by Mian Noor Kalhoro who became the Nawab of Sindh.

Kalhora dynasty (1737–1783 AD)

[edit]
Title Personal Name Reign
Nawab
نواب
Mian Noor Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
میاں نور محمد خان کلہوڑو
1737–1755 AD
Nawab
نواب
Mian Muradyad Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
میاں مرادیاب محمد خان کلہوڑو
1755–1757 AD
Nawab
نواب
Mian Ghulam Muhammad Shah Kalhoro
میاں غلام محمد شاہ کلہوڑو
1757–1772 AD
Nawab
نواب
Mian Sarfaraz Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
میاں سرفراز محمد خان کلہوڑو
1772–1775 AD
Nawab
نواب
Mian Abdul Nabi Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
میاں حاجی عبدالنبی محمد خان کلہوڑو
1775–1783 AD

Talpur dynasty (1783–1843 AD)

[edit]

Shahdadani Talpurs of Hyderabad

[edit]
Title Personal Name Reign
Mir
میر
Fateh Ali Khan Talpur
فتح علی خان تالپور
1783–1801
Mir
میر
Ghulam Ali Khan Talpur
غلام علی خان تالپور
1801–1811
Mir
میر
Karam Ali Khan Talpur
کرم علی خان تالپور
1811–1828
Mir
میر
Murad Ali Khan Talpur
مراد علی خان تالپور
1828–1833
Mir
میر
Noor Muhammad Khan Talpur
نور محمد خان تالپور
1833–1840
Mir
میر
Naseer Muhammad Khan Talpur
نصیر محمد خان تالپور
1840–1843
Title Personal Name Reign
Mir
میر
Sohrab Ali Khan Talpur
سہراب علی خان تالپور
1783–1811
Mir
میر
Rustam Ali Khan Talpur
رستم علی خان تالپور
1811–1842
Mir
میر
Ali Murad Khan Talpur
علی مراد خان تالپور
1842–1894
Mir
میر
Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur
فیض محمد خان تالپور
1894 – 5 March 1909
Mir
میر
Imam Bakhsh Khan Talpur
امام بخش خان تالپور
5 March 1909 – 8 February 1921
Mir
میر
Ali Nawaz Khan Talpur
علی نواز خان تالپور
8 February 1921 – 25 December 1935
Mir
میر
Faiz Muhammad Khan Talpur II
فیض محمد خان تالپور دوم
25 December 1935 – 19 July 1947
Mir
میر
George Ali Murad Khan Talpur II
جارج علی مراد خان تالپور دوم
19 July 1947 – 10 November 1954

Manikani Talpurs of Mirpur Khas

[edit]
Title Personal Name Reign
Mir
میر
Tharo Ali Khan Talpur
تھارو علی خان تالپور
1783 – 1806
Mir
میر
Ali Murad Khan Talpur
علی مراد خان تالپور
1806 – 1829
Mir
میر
Sher Muhammad Khan Talpur
شیر محمد خان تالپور
1829 – 1843

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wink, André (1991). Al- Hind: The slave kings and the Islamic conquest. 2. BRILL. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9004095098.
  2. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 345–7, 356; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 304–7, 310, 318; al-Baladhuri, pp. 216–25; al-Tabari, v. 23: p. 149; Crone, p. 135
  3. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 356; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 318; al-Baladhuri, p. 225; Crone, p. 141. Habib either was dismissed or resigned, since he remained alive until 102/720; al-Tabari, v. 24: pp. 134–7
  4. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 322
  5. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 322, 333; al-Baladhuri, p. 225
  6. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 333; Crone, p. 146
  7. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 379–80; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 333, 359; al-Baladhuri, pp. 226–7; Crone, pp. 98; 147
  8. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 380; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 359; al-Baladhuri, p. 227-8; Crone, p. 148. Al-Ya'qubi and al-Baladhuri both give his nisbah as al-'Utbi. According to Khalifah ibn Khayyat, he was dismissed from office
  9. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 380, 388–9; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 354, 359; al-Baladhuri; pp. 228–9; Crone, p. 147
  10. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 389–90, 399–400; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 354, 359, 366; al-Tabari, v. 26: pp. 199–200
  11. ^ In al-Ya'qubi, pp. 399–400, 407, this individual is named as Yazid ibn Irar (although the editor, p. 389, notes variant readings, including Izzan) and is said to have replaced 'Amr ibn Muhammad as governor in the reign of al-Walid ibn Yazid; he remained as governor until Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi arrived in Sind and killed him. Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 357, calls him Muhammad ibn Irar al-Kalbi and claims he became governor on an interim basis, after the death of al-Hakam ibn Awana; subsequently he was dismissed in 122/740 by the governor of Iraq, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi, and replaced with Amr. All this is said to have taken place during the reign of Hisham. Al-Tabari, v. 26: pp. 199–200, calls him "Muhammad ibn Ghazzan – or Izzan – al-Kalbi" and states that he was appointed to succeed Amr in 126/744 by the governor of Iraq, Mansur ibn Jumhur al-Kalbi, in the reign of Yazid ibn al-Walid; he does not specify Muhammad's fate.
  12. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 407; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 413; al-Baladhuri, p. 230
  13. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 407, 429; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 413; al-Baladhuri, p. 230; al-Tabari, v. 28: pp. 195, 198, 203; Crone, p. 158
  14. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 429, 448; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 413, 433; al-Baladhuri, p. 230; al-Tabari, v. 27: p. 203-04; v. 28: p. 75; Crone, p. 186
  15. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 447-8; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Tabari, v. 28: pp. 75, 77–8; Crone, p. 186. According to both al-Ya'qubi and al-Tabari, 'Uyaynah's rebellion occurred in the year 142/759
  16. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 448; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Baladhuri, p. 231, who however places 'Umar's governorship after Hisham ibn 'Amr's; al-Tabari, v. 28: p. 78; v. 27: pp. 51–55; Crone, p. 134
  17. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 448–9; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; al-Baladhuri, pp. 230–1; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 51, 54–6, 68, 77, 79; Crone, pp. 167–8
  18. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433; Crone, p. 168. Al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 180, 193, however, says that Bistam was governor after the death of Ma'bad ibn al-Khalil until the arrival of Rawh ibn Hatim to Sind, although he also claims (p. 172) that Rawh was appointed as governor immediately following Ma'bad's death. Al-Ya'qubi, p. 448, mentions Bistam as Hisham ibn Amr's deputy in al-Mansurah, but makes no mention of him as a full governor.
  19. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 449; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 433, where however he is named as Sa'id ibn al-Khalil (which the editor notes is a possible error); al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 79, 80, 172. Ibn Khayyat says that he died in the reign of al-Mansur, while al-Tabari claims that he died in 159/776, in the reign of al-Mahdi.
  20. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, pp. 433 (where he is named as Muhammad ibn Sa'id), 440 (where he is Muhammad ibn Ma'bad)
  21. ^ al-Ya'qubi, p. 479; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 195, 203, who however places Rawh's appointment in 160/777; Crone, p. 134
  22. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 479–80; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: pp. 203, 216, 218; Crone, p. 185
  23. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480
  24. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari v. 29: p. 219, who all give different names for this individual; Crone, p. 168
  25. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 480; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 441; al-Tabari, v. 29: p. 222; Crone, p. 192
  26. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 446
  27. ^ Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 192
  28. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 493; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 194
  29. ^ a b Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463
  30. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 493; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; al-Tabari, v. 30: p. 109
  31. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 493–4, where however he is named as Tayfur ibn 'Abdallah ibn Mansur al-Himyari; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; p. 195
  32. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 137
  33. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; Crone, p. 168
  34. ^ a b Al-Ya'qubi, p. 494; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463
  35. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 494, 532; Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 463; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 30: p. 173; v. 32: p. 106; Crone, p. 135
  36. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 557–8; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 32: pp. 106, 175, 179, 189; Crone, p. 135
  37. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Tabari, v. 32: p. 175
  38. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Baladhuri, p. 231; al-Tabari, v. 32: pp. 179–80, 189
  39. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, p. 557; al-Baladhuri, p. 231
  40. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 557, 585; al-Baladhuri, pp. 231–2. Al-Tabari, v. 32: p. 189, says that Imran was appointed as chief financial officer of Sind by Ghassan, and does not mention Imran's father Musa
  41. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 585, 593, who says that 'Anbasah was appointed in the caliphate of al-Wathiq (842–847) and stayed in Sind for nine years; al-Baladhuri, p. 218, who claims that he was governor during the reign of al-Mu'tasim (833–842)
  42. ^ Al-Ya'qubi, pp. 593, 599; al-Baladhuri, p. 219
  43. ^ "Chapter No. 1: History and Geography of al-Mansurah" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  44. ^ Siddiqui, Dr. Habibullah. "The Soomras of Sindh: their origin, main characteristics and rule" (PDF). Literary Conference on Soomra Period in Sindh.
  45. ^ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra; Pusalker, A. D.; Majumdar, A. K., eds. (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People. Vol. VI: The Delhi Sultanate. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 224.
  46. ^ [History of Delhi Sultanate by M.H. Syed (p240), 2005 ISBN 81-261-1830-X, 9788126118304]
[edit]
  • Islamic culture – Page 429, by Islamic Culture Board
  • A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, by William Erskine
  • The Ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī of K̲h̲wājah Nizāmuddīn Ahmad: a history of India, by Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, Brajendranath De, Baini Prashad
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  • Searchlights on Baloches and Balochistan, by Mir Khuda Bakhsh Marri
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