Tauranga

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For the electorate, see Tauranga (New Zealand electorate).

Tauranga
Tauranga-moana (Māori)
Metropolitan Area
Country New Zealand
RegionBay of Plenty
Territorial authorityTauranga City
Settled1838
Gazetted as a Borough1882
City constituted17 April 1963
Electorate(s)Tauranga
Bay of Plenty
Government
 • MP (Tauranga)Simon Bridges (National)
 • MP (Bay of Plenty)Tony Ryall (National)
 • MayorStuart Crosby
 • Deputy MayorDavid Stewart
Area
 • Territorial168 km2 (65 sq mi)
Highest elevation
232 m (761 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (June 2018)[1]
 • Territorial140,800
 • Density840/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
141,600
Time zoneUTC+12 (NZST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+13 (NZDT)
Postcode(s)
3110 - 3112 - 3113 - 3118
Area code07
Websitewww.Tauranga.govt.nz
View over Greater Tauranga, taken from the top of Mauao

Tauranga (Māori pronunciation: [ˈtaʉɾaŋa])[2][3] is the most populous city in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand.

It was settled by Europeans in the early 19th century and was constituted as a city in 1963.[4] Tauranga City is the centre of the sixth largest urban area in New Zealand, with an urban population of 141,600 (June 2018).[1]

The city lies in the north-western corner of the Bay of Plenty, on the south-eastern edge of Tauranga Harbour. The city expands over an area of 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), and encompasses the communities of Bethlehem, on the south-western outskirts of the city; Greerton, on the southern outskirts of the city; Matua, west of the central city overlooking Tauranga Harbour; Maungatapu; Mount Maunganui, located north of the central city across the harbour facing the Bay of Plenty; Otumoetai; Papamoa, Tauranga's largest suburb, located on the Bay of Plenty; Tauranga City; Tauranga South; and Welcome Bay.

Tauranga is one of New Zealand's main centres for business, international trade, culture, fashion and horticultural science. The Port of Tauranga is New Zealand's largest port in terms of gross export tonnage.[5][6]

Tauranga is one of New Zealand's fastest growing cities, with a 14 percent increase in population between the 2001 census and the 2006 census.[7]

History

Settlement

The earliest known settlers were Māori who arrived in Tauranga from the Takitimu and the Mataatua waka in the 12th century.[8]

European traders in flax were active in the Bay of Plenty during the 1830s; some were transient, others married local women and settled permanently. The first permanent trader was James Farrow, who travelled to Tauranga in 1829, obtaining flax fibre for Australian merchants in exchange for muskets and gunpowder. Farrow acquired a land area of 0.5 acres (2,000 m2) on 10 January 1838 at Otumoetai Pā from the chiefs Tupaea, Tangimoana and Te Omanu, the earliest authenticated land purchase in the Bay of Plenty.[9]

During the 1820s, Henry Williams travelled to Tauranga from the Bay of Islands to obtain supplies of potatoes, pigs and flax. In 1835 a Church Missionary Society mission station was established at Tauranga by William Wade; Rev. Alfred N. Brown arrived at the CMS mission station in 1838.[10]

In 1840, a Catholic mission station was established. Bishop Pompallier was given land within the palisades of Otumoetai Pā for a church and a presbytery. The mission station closed in 1863 due to land wars in the Waikato district.[citation needed]

Land wars

The Tauranga Campaign took place in and around Tauranga from 21 January to 21 June 1864, during the land wars. The Battle of Gate Pa is the best known.

Modern era

Under the Local Government (Tauranga City Council) Order 2003,[11] Tauranga became legally a city for a second time, from 1 March 2004.

In August 2011, Tauranga received "ultra fast" broadband as part of the New Zealand Government's rollout.[12]

Geography

Tauranga is located around a large harbour that extends along the western Bay of Plenty, and is protected by Matakana Island and the extinct volcano of Mauao (Mount Maunganui).

Situated along a faultline, Tauranga and the Bay of Plenty experience infrequent seismic activity, and there are a few volcanoes around the area (mainly dormant). The most notable of these are White Island and Mauao, nicknamed "The Mount" by locals.

Tauranga is roughly the antipode of Jaen, Spain.

Climate

Due to its sheltered position on the east coast, Tauranga enjoys a warm, subtropical climate. During the summer months the population swells as the holidaymakers descend on the city, especially along the popular white coastal surf beaches from Mount Maunganui to Papamoa.

Climate data for Tauranga
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.9
(75.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		22.3
(72.1) 		19.9
(67.8) 		17.1
(62.8) 		14.9
(58.8) 		14.3
(57.7) 		14.9
(58.8) 		16.3
(61.3) 		18
(64) 		20
(68) 		21.9
(71.4) 		18.9
(66.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1) 		14.7
(58.5) 		13.5
(56.3) 		10.9
(51.6) 		7.9
(46.2) 		6
(43) 		5.2
(41.4) 		6.1
(43.0) 		7.8
(46.0) 		9.3
(48.7) 		11.3
(52.3) 		13.1
(55.6) 		10
(50)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 74
(2.9) 		78
(3.1) 		128
(5.0) 		105
(4.1) 		91
(3.6) 		128
(5.0) 		122
(4.8) 		115
(4.5) 		104
(4.1) 		94
(3.7) 		85
(3.3) 		87
(3.4) 		1,198
(47.2)
Source: NIWA Climate Data[13]

Population

Tauranga surpassed Dunedin in 2008 as sixth largest city in New Zealand by urban area, and ninth largest city by Territorial Authority area. The city was growing at a rate of 1.5% in 2008.

In 1976, Tauranga was a medium-sized urban area, with a population of around 48,000, smaller than Napier or Invercargill. The completion of a harbour bridge in 1988 brought Tauranga and The Mount closer (they amalgamated in 1989) and promoted growth in both parts of the enlarged city. In 1996 Tauranga’s population was 82,092 and by 2006 it had reached 103,635.[14]

In 2006, 17.4% of the population was aged 65 or over, compared to 12.3% nationally. The city hosts five major head offices – Port of Tauranga, Zespri International, Ballance Agri-Nutrients Ltd, Trustpower and Craigs Investment Partners (formerly, ABN AMRO Craigs). Tauranga is home to a large number of migrants, especially from the UK, attracted to the area by its climate and quality of life.

Mount Maunganui Main Beach in winter, with 'Leisure Island' in the background.

Economy

Much of the countryside surrounding Tauranga is horticultural land, used to grow a wide range of fresh produce for both domestic consumption and export. The area is particularly well known for growing tangelos (a grapefruit / tangerine cross), avocados, and kiwifruit. Recent years have seen the establishment of boutique vineyards and wineries. [citation needed]

The Port of Tauranga is New Zealand's largest export port, with brisk but seasonal shipping traffic. It is a regular stop for both container ships and luxury cruise liners.

Tauranga harbour.
Picturesque sunrise over the Tauranga harbour.

Tauranga's main shopping mall is Bayfair, in Mount Maunganui. Most of the city's shopping centres are located in the suburbs. They include Fraser Cove, Bethlehem Town Centre, Fashion Island, Bayfair Mall, Mount Maunganui Main Street, Bay Central and Greerton Village. In 2008 Tauranga's CBD underwent renovations to attract more shoppers to the inner city.[specify]

Arts and culture

Religion

Because of Tauranga's multi-ethnic population, a wide variety of faiths are practiced, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, various Eastern Orthodox churches, Sufism and others. Immigrants from Asia have formed a number of significant Buddhist congregations.

The main faith present throughout Tauranga and most of the country is Christianity. There are many types of Christians, including: the largest, Pentecostal, Methodist and Presbyterian. There are also congregations of Mormons and in the area, and Jews.

Attractions

Greater Tauranga is a very popular lifestyle and tourism destination. It features many natural attractions and scenery. Cultural attractions include the Tauranga Art Gallery, which opened in October 2007 and showcases local, national and international exhibitions in a range of media.

View of Mount Beach, with Mauao in background

Events

The National Jazz Festival takes place in Tauranga every Easter, with dozens of live acts, great food and excellent wine.

New Year celebrations at the Mount in Mount Maunganui are one of Tauranga's main events, bringing people from all around the country.

Lifestyle

The coastal suburb Papamoa and neighbouring town Mount Maunganui are some of the more affluent areas around Tauranga. The region’s beaches attract swimmers, surfers, kayakers and kitesurfers throughout the year.

Tauranga has many outlying islands and reefs that make it a notable tourist destination point for traveling scuba divers and marine enthusiasts. [citation needed] Extensive marine life diversity is available to scuba divers all year round. Water temperatures range from 12 degrees Celsius in winter to 22-24 degrees Celsius in summer. Tauranga houses two professional dive instructor training centers, training NAUI, PADI and SSI dive leader systems.

Sports

McLaren Falls Park, on the outskirts of Tauranga

Tauranga has a large stadium complex in the Bayfair suburb, Baypark Stadium, rebuilt in 2001 after a similar complex closed in 1995. It hosts Speedway events during summer and rugby matches in winter.

Tauranga is also the home of football (soccer) club Tauranga City United who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2.

Parks and recreation

Tauranga has many parks. One of the largest is Memorial Park, and others include, Yatton Park, Kulim Park, Fergusson Park and the large Tauranga Domain.

Due to the temperate climate, outdoor activities are very popular, including golf, tramping (hiking), mountain biking and white water rafting. The Bay of Plenty coastline has miles of golden sandy beaches, and watersports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, fishing, diving, kayaking and kitesurfing. Tourists also enjoy dolphin-watching on specially run boat trips.

Education

Main article: List of schools in Bay of Plenty, New Zealand § Tauranga City

Tauranga is home to the Bay of Plenty Polytechnic and a branch of the University of Waikato.

The main state secondary schools include:

Christian educational institutions in Tauranga include Bethlehem Campus, a college for both children and adults established in 1988; Tauranga Adventist School, a state integrated Christian community school catering for Year 1 to 8 students and established in 1974; and Aquinas College, a Catholic college established in 2003.

There is also a Rudolf Steiner School in Welcome Bay, catering for birth to 12 year olds.

Transportation

Tauranga railway bridge

Main transportation in the city is provided by the Bay Hopper Bus. Tauranga Airport provides daily domestic flights to Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch Airports on Air New Zealand turbo-prop aircraft. Tauranga is located on the East Coast Main Trunk Railway.

Notable residents

Past residents

Sister cities

References

  1. ^ a b "Subnational Population Estimates: At 30 June 2019". Statistics New Zealand. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020. For urban areas, "Subnational population estimates (UA, AU), by age and sex, at 30 June 1996, 2001, 2006–18 (2017 boundaries)". Statistics New Zealand. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ http://www.forvo.com/word/tauranga/
  4. ^ "Local Government 1860 - present". Tauranga City Council. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
  5. ^ http://business.newzealand.com/common/files/New-Zealand-ports-and-airports.pdf
  6. ^ http://www.port-tauranga.co.nz/
  7. ^ Quickstats about Tauranga City
  8. ^ VTours - Downtown Tauranga
  9. ^ http://www.tauranga.govt.nz/knowledgebase/tabid/624/qid/1164/tctl/1332_ViewQuestion/Default.aspx
  10. ^ Rogers, Lawrence M. (1973). Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams. Pegasus Press. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help)
  11. ^ http://www.knowledge-basket.co.nz/regs/regs/text/2003/2003275.txt
  12. ^ http://www.voxy.co.nz/technology/ultra-fast-broadband-comes-tauranga/5/99115
  13. ^ "Climate Data". NIWA. Retrieved 2 November 2007.
  14. ^ Geonames Database "Region information page", travelsradiate, 2010, accessed 2 January 2011.
  15. ^ "Kiwi leads Idol show by a neck". The Dominion Post. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  16. ^ Sister cities

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tauranga&oldid=506682713"