Timeline of Vietnam under Chinese rule

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This is a timeline of Vietnamese history until the end of the Chinese era.

3rd century BC

Year Date Event
257 BC Thục Phán of the Âu Việt invades Văn Lang and creates Âu Lạc[1]
207 BC Qin general Zhao Tuo captures the Cổ Loa Citadel and defeats Âu Lạc, creating the two administrative regions of Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen[1]
203 BC Zhao Tuo declares himself king of Nanyue[1]
Nanyue conquers Guilin

2nd century BC

Year Date Event
198 BC Two legates are assigned to oversee affairs in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen[2]
181 BC Nanyue attacks Changsha[3]
179 BC Zhao Tuo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Mo
122 BC Zhao Mo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Xing
111 BC Han conquest of Nanyue: Han general Lu Bode conquers Nanyue and separates it into Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, Cangwu, Nanhai, Yulin, Hepu, Dan'er, and Zhuya[4]

1st century BC

Year Date Event
48 BC Rinan is created

1st century

Year Date Event
2 Census records for Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, and Rinan record 143,643 households and a population of 981,755[5]
40 Trung sisters' rebellion: Yue tribes rebel in Jiaozhi[6]
42 Trung sisters' rebellion: Ma Yuan leads an expedition to Jiaozhi[7]
43 Trung sisters' rebellion: The Trưng Sisters are decapitated[6]

2nd century

Year Date Event
100 A rebellion in Jiaozhi is put down[8]
137 Rinan rebels[8]
144 Rinan rebels[8]
160 Shi Ci becomes administrator of Rinan[8]
190 Shi Ci's son Shi Xie appoints his brothers Shi Yi, Shi Wei, and Shi Wu as administrators of Hepu, Jiuzhen, and Nanhai[9]

3rd century

Year Date Event
211 Shi Xie submits to Sun Quan's overlordship[9]
217 Shi Xie sends his son Shi Xin to Sun Quan as hostage[9]
226 Shi Xie dies and Sun Quan's general Lü Dai kills his family[9]; Shi Xie, also called Sĩ Nhiếp in Vietnamese, is remembered today in Vietnam as the father of education and Buddhism - according to Stephen O'Harrow, he was essentially "the first Vietnamese"[10]
248 Lâm Ấp (probably Champa) seizes Rinan[10]

4th century

Year Date Event
347 Lâm Ấp invades Jiaozhi but is repulsed by the Jin dynasty (265–420)[11]
359 Lâm Ấp is defeated[11]
377 Li Xun seizes Jiuzhen[11]
380 Teng Dunzhi becomes governor of Jiaozhi after Du Yuan kills Li Xun[11]
399 Du Yuan becomes governor of Jiaozhi and defeats a Lâm Ấp invasion[11]

5th century

Year Date Event
405 Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[12]
410 Du Yuan dies and is succeeded by Du Huidu[11]
411 A rebel army under Lu Xun attempts to seize control over Jiaozhi but fails[13]
413 Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[12]
415 Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[12]
423 Du Huidu dies and is succeeded by Du Hongwen[11]
424 Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[12]
427 Du Hongwen leaves Jiaozhi for the court after receiving an appointment[11]
443 Tan Hezhi, governor of Jiaozhi, starts recruiting an army[14]
446 Tan Hezhi invades Lâm Ấp and pushes them back to the area around modern Da Nang[14]

6th century

Year Date Event
541 Lý Bôn rebels and attacks Liang officials[15]
544 February Lý Bôn establishes the Early Lý dynasty and becomes Lý Nam Đế (Southern Emperor)[16]
545 Chen Baxian drives Lý Nam Đế into the mountains, where he is eventually killed, but resistance continues under Lý Thiên Bảo[16]
550 Triệu Việt Vương expels Liang forces from Vạn Xuân
555 Lý Thiên Bảo dies and is succeeded by Hậu Lý Nam Đế
571 Hậu Lý Nam Đế defeats Triệu Việt Vương

7th century

Year Date Event
602 Sui–Former Lý War: Sui forces under Liu Fang annex the Early Lý dynasty[17]
679 Jiaozhi is renamed Annan[18]
687 Lý Tự Tiên and Đinh Kiến revolt at Đại La in response to a raise in harvest tax[19]

8th century

Year Date Event
722 Mai Thúc Loan rebels in Annan and is defeated[20]
767 Sea people invade Annan and are defeated[20]
785 Phùng Hưng rebels in Annan[21]
791 Tang regains control of Annan[21]

9th century

Year Date Event
803 Champa seizes southern Annan[22]
846 Nanzhao raids Annan[22]
858 Rebellion breaks out in Annan and is put down[23]
861 Nanzhao attacks Bo Prefecture and Annan but is repulsed.[24]
863 Nanzhao conquers Annan[25]
866 Gao Pian retakes Annan from Nanzhao[25]
880 Zeng Gun withdraws Tang troops from the south and relinquishes control over Annan[26]

10th century

Year Date Event
907 The Khúc clan takes control of Annan and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang[26]
930 Southern Han invades Annan and removes the Khúc clan from power[27]
931 Dương Đình Nghệ expels Southern Han from Đại La and declares himself governor[27]
937 Kiều Công Tiễn kills Dương Đình Nghệ and calls Southern Han into a war against his enemies in the southern provinces, however Đình Nghệ's son-in-law Ngô Quyền murders Công Tiễn[28]
938 Battle of Bạch Đằng: Ngô Quyền defeats the Southern Han fleet[28]
939 Ngô Quyền declares his own Ngô dynasty at Cổ Loa Citadel[28]

Gallery

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 14-16.
  2. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 17.
  3. ^ Twitchett 2008, p. 136.
  4. ^ Twitchett 2008, p. 453.
  5. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 18.
  6. ^ a b Twitchett 2008, p. 271.
  7. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 22.
  8. ^ a b c d Taylor 2013, p. 27.
  9. ^ a b c d Crespigny 2007, p. 739.
  10. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 29.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Taylor 2013, p. 31.
  12. ^ a b c d Taylor 2013, p. 32.
  13. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 23.
  14. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 33.
  15. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 34.
  16. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 35.
  17. ^ Taylor 2013.
  18. ^ Xiong 2009, p. 44.
  19. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 38.
  20. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 39.
  21. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 40.
  22. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 41.
  23. ^ Taylor 2013, p. 42.
  24. ^ Herman 2007, p. 36.
  25. ^ a b Xiong 2009, p. cxiv.
  26. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 44.
  27. ^ a b Taylor 2013, p. 45.
  28. ^ a b c Taylor 2013, p. 46.

Bibliography

  • Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
  • Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
  • Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1, Cambridge University Press
  • Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 0810860538
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