1804–05 United States Senate elections
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11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1804 and 1805 were elections that expanded the Democratic-Republican Party's overwhelming control over the United States Senate. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (9 out of 34, or 27%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.
As these elections were prior to the ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 9th Congress (1805–1807)
- Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (27)
- Minority Party: Federalist (7)
- Other Parties: 0
- Total Seats: 34
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
F8 Unknown |
F9 Unknown |
DR25 Unknown |
DR24 Retired |
DR23 Ran |
DR22 Ran |
DR21 Ran |
DR20 Ran |
DR19 Ran | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F7 Ran |
F6 Ran |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Beginning of the 9th Congress
DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
DR27 Gain |
DR26 Gain |
DR25 Hold |
DR24 Hold |
DR23 Hold |
DR22 Hold |
DR21 Re-elected |
DR20 Re-elected |
DR19 Re-elected | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F7 Re-elected |
F6 Re-elected |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 |
Key: |
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Race summaries
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the 8th Congress
In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1804 or before March 4, 1805; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
New York (Class 3) |
John Armstrong Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1800 (Special) 1801 1802 (Resigned) 1803 (Appointed) |
Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat. New senator elected February 23, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 121 Unopposed[1][2] |
New York (Class 1) |
Theodorus Bailey | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Resigned January 16, 1804 to become Postmaster of New York City. New senator elected February 25, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Armstrong Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 85 Jacob Radcliff (Federalist) 4 Egbert Benson (Federalist) 3[3][4] |
Rhode Island (Class 1) |
Samuel J. Potter | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Died October 14, 1804. New senator elected October 29, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Benjamin Howland (Democratic-Republican) Asher Robins "by a majority of 20"[5] |
Delaware (Class 2) |
William H. Wells | Federalist | 1799 (Special) 1799 |
Resigned November 6, 1804. New senator elected November 13, 1804. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Federalist hold. |
√ James A. Bayard (Federalist) 15 Unopposed[6] |
New York (Class 1) |
John Armstrong Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (Special) | Resigned to become U.S. Minister to France. New senator elected November 23, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Samuel Latham Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 83.3% Rufus King (Federalist) 15.6% David Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 1.1%[7] |
Virginia (Class 1) |
Andrew Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (Appointed) | Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat. New senator elected December 4, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Virginia (Class 2) |
William B. Giles | Democratic-Republican | 1804 (Appointed) | Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 2 seat. New senator elected December 4, 1804. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
South Carolina (Class 3) |
Pierce Butler | Democratic-Republican | 1802 (Special) | Resigned November 21, 1804. New senator elected December 6, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
Races leading to the 9th Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Delaware | James A. Bayard | Federalist | 1804 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1805. | √ James A. Bayard (Federalist) 15 Caesar A. Rodney (Democratic-Republican) 9 James Sykes (Democratic-Republican) 1[8] |
Georgia | Abraham Baldwin | Democratic- Republican |
1799 | Incumbent re-elected November 14, 1804. | √ Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous[9] |
Kentucky | John Brown | Democratic- Republican |
1792 (new seat) 1792 1798 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Buckner Thruston (Democratic-Republican) 44 John Adair 43 John Brown (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated[10] |
Massachusetts | Timothy Pickering | Federalist | 1803 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected February 6, 1805 on the third ballot. | √ Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 102 William Eustis 99[11] |
New Hampshire | Simeon Olcott | Federalist | 1801 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 28, 1804. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) 85 Timothy Farrar (Federalist) 70[12] |
New Jersey | Jonathan Dayton | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ Aaron Kitchell (Democratic-Republican) 36 Jonathan Dayton (Federalist)[13] |
North Carolina | Jesse Franklin | Democratic- Republican |
1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804 on the fifth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner would later reject his election and never take the seat. A new election was held the next year, see below. |
√ Montfort Stokes (Democratic-Republican) Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) Benjamin Smith Thomas Blount Eliminated Stephen Cabarrus Eliminated[14] |
Rhode Island | Christopher Ellery | Democratic- Republican |
1801 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1804. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ James Fenner (Democratic-Republican) Christopher Ellery (Democratic-Republican) "by a majority of 16"[15] |
South Carolina | Thomas Sumter | Democratic- Republican |
1801 | Incumbent elected December 6, 1804. | √ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) 101 Henry Middleton 21 William Hill 4 Joseph Blyth 2 R. Anderson 1 Pierce Butler 1 Samuel Farrow 1 John Gaillard 1 "Horry" 1 John Ward 1 "Lost" 1[16] |
Tennessee | William Cocke | Democratic- Republican |
1799 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early September 23, 1803. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Daniel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 35 Jenkin Whiteside 1[17] |
Virginia | William B. Giles | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Resigned) 1804 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected December 7, 1804. | √ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [data missing][18] |
Special elections during the 9th Congress
In this special election, the winner was seated in 1805 after March 4.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Kentucky (Class 3) |
John Breckinridge | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Resigned August 7, 1805 to become U.S. Attorney General. New senator elected November 8, 1805. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Adair (Democratic-Republican) 45 John Pope 35[19] |
North Carolina (Class 2) |
Vacant | Montfort Stokes (DR) had been elected in 1804, see above, but rejected the position. New senator elected December 22, 1805. Democratic-Republican gain. |
√ James Turner (Democratic-Republican) 122 Thomas Davis (Federalist) 51 Stephen Cabarrus 1 Blank 1[20] |
See also
Notes
- ^ "New York 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1804. 35. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1804. 10.
- ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "New York 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing The Albany Register (Albany, NY). February 7, 1804.
- ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018., citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 19, 1804.
- ^ "Delaware 1804 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1804. 9.
- ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "Delaware 1805 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1805. 41.
- ^ "Georgia 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 6, 1804.
- ^ "Kentucky 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 7". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing Kentucky Gazette and General Advertiser (Lexington, KY). November 27, 1804.
- ^ "Massachusetts 1805 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018., citing The Providence Phoenix (Providence, RI). February 9, 1805.
- ^ "New Hampshire 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing Oracle Post (Portsmouth, NH). December 11, 1804.
- ^ "New Jersey 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 13, 1804.
- ^ "North Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate, Ballot 5". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 9, 2018., citing Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina State Gazette (Raleigh, NC). December 3, 1804.
- ^ "Rhode Island 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018., citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 19, 1804.
- ^ "South Carolina 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018., citing Original Election Returns. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia.
- ^ "Tennessee 1803 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1803. 27. Gazette of the United States (Philadelphia, PA). October 18, 1803. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796-1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952.
- ^ "Virginia 1804 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 10, 2018., citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 15, 1804.
- ^ "Kentucky 1805 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 8, 2018., citing The Enquirer (Richmond, VA). December 6, 1805.
- ^ "North Carolina 1805 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 9, 2018., citing Legislative Papers. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.
References
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov